In addition, there is also an integrated errand to pay grain, fire consumption to the public, secret storage, etc. Yongzheng played the role of "Kang Yongqian" for three generations. However, he sent spies all over the world to monitor local affairs, and repeatedly set up literary prisons to suppress dissent.

Heyday

In 1735, Hongli succeeded to the throne, that is, Emperor Qianlong. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, he made achievements in cultural and martial arts, and made important contributions to the consolidation of China's unified multi-ethnic state and the development of the prosperous situation of the Qing Dynasty, but it was also during his reign that the world underwent earth-shaking changes, and China gradually lagged behind the wave of the world.

In 1757, Emperor Qianlong smashed the secession forces of the Junggar aristocracy and unified the Tianshan North Road. In 1759, the rebellion of the large and small Hezhuo on the Tianshan South Road was quelled. In 1762, the Qing Dynasty set up General Ili to govern the entire Xinjiang region, including Lake Balkhash. Since 1762, the Qing Dynasty has sent a large number of troops to Xinjiang. The officers and men of the permanent garrison carry their families, mainly from the Daur and Manchu ethnic groups in Northeast China and Hebei. These garrisons contributed to the defense of China and the development of the frontiers.

In 1771, the Turhut Department of Moxi Mongolia, which moved west to the lower reaches of the Volga River, embarked on a journey to return to the Qing Dynasty in order to get rid of the rule of Tsarist Russia. They smashed the encirclement and interception of the Tsarist Russian army, went through hardships and dangers, traveled thousands of miles, and finally returned to the Qing Dynasty. The return of the Turks contributed to the consolidation of a unified multi-ethnic state.

In 1772, the Qing Dynasty began to compile the Siku Quanshu, which was compiled in ten years, systematically revising China's historical and cultural heritage, and also causing the loss of many precious materials. However, in order to maintain his rule, Emperor Qianlong strictly controlled his thoughts, and during the compilation of books, he took the opportunity to cut and burn a large number of books that did not conform to his ideas. In addition, the Daxing literary prison envoys such as Dai Mingshi and others were killed or exiled by Zhu Lian.

The Qing Dynasty repelled the Gurkha invasion of Tibet in 1792. In 1793, the central government of the Qing Dynasty formulated and promulgated the Twenty-Nine Articles of the Regulations for the Rehabilitation of the Aftermath in Tibet, which clearly stipulated the personnel, administration, finance, military, and foreign relations of Tibet, and determined them in the form of law. This charter is an important historical document proving China's exercise of sovereignty over Tibet.

Western missionaries introduced Chinese culture to Europeans, triggering a wave of chinoiserie in the 18th century. Europeans revered Chinese culture, thought, and art, and by the end of the 18th century, when the Qing Dynasty was at its peak, Europeans had a negative evaluation. Macartney, the British envoy who broke up with Emperor Qianlong, believed that the Qing Dynasty had declined. (And that's where I need to interject.) Did the decline of the Qing Dynasty really have nothing to do with Emperor Qianlong? Is the so-called Kangqian prosperous era really worthy of its name? ）

Jiadao is in decline

The Qing Dynasty began to decline from the end of Qianlong, Qianlong went to the south of the Yangtze River six times, and imitated the Jiangnan garden to repair the garden, working the people and losing money, and the politics became increasingly corrupt. At that time, the population explosion and the serious annexation of rural land caused many farmers to lose their land; Coupled with the corruption of corrupt officials and officials such as Shen, popular uprisings broke out one after another from the late Qianlong period to the Jiaqing period. The White Lotus Sect raised troops in the 1770s, and later in 1796, the Sichuan-Chu Rebellion broke out, and was suppressed by the Qing army eight years later, and its leader, Wang Sanhuai, was executed. Lin Shuangwen, the leader of the Taiwan Heaven and Earth Society, launched the Lin Shuangwen Incident in 1787.

In 1795, Emperor Qianlong Chan was located in Ziyiyan, that is, Emperor Jiaqing. Qianlong died in 1799, and the Jiaqing Emperor was able to govern in person. However, Emperor Jiaqing failed to address the shortcomings, and the Qing Dynasty continued to decline. Emperor Daoguang also lost the enterprising spirit of his early monarchs, and his ruling style became increasingly conservative and rigid. In officialdom, it is common to form parties for personal gain, dump each other, buy and sell officials, and bribe. In the army, the equipment is outdated, the drills are not diligent, the battalion work is lax, and the discipline is corrupt. Fiscally, the public treasury is increasingly running short and making ends meet. Class contradictions intensified, and popular uprisings broke out everywhere.