In 1616, Nurhachi founded the country in Hetuara and called Khan, the country name Jin, known as Houjin in history, the Mandate of Heaven of the Yuan Dynasty, and raised troops to fight against the Ming Dynasty. In 1618, Nurhachi issued the "Seven Hatreds" and swore to defeat Ming. In 1619, the Ming Dynasty suffered a crushing defeat in the Battle of Salhu, and lost more than 70 cities in Liaodong in a few years.

In 1621, Nurhachi captured Liaoyang and Shenyang. In the spring of 1625, Nurhachi moved his capital to Shenyang. On the third day of the third lunar month of that year, after paying homage to the ancestral tomb, he led his relatives and hundreds of officials to set off from Tokyo (Liaoyang), stayed overnight at the Tiger Skin Station, and arrived in Shenyang the next day. Since then, Shenyang has become the ruling center of the Later Jin. However, Nurhachi was seriously wounded by Ming artillery in the Battle of Ningyuan in 1626 and died soon after.

Establishment of the Great Qing Dynasty

After Nurhachi's death, the eighth emperor, Taiji, succeeded to the throne and continued to launch an offensive against the Ming Dynasty, and united the Mongol tribes, expanding his power.

In 1635, Huang Taiji abolished the old clan name "Zhushen" (Jurchen) and named the clan "Manchuria". In 1636, he surrendered to Monan. In the same year, Huang Taiji proclaimed himself emperor and changed the country name "Jin" to "Daqing", officially established the Qing Dynasty, and changed the year name to Chongde. In 1637, he surrendered to Lee's Joseon.

In 1640, the Battle of Songjin broke out, Hong Chengchou was captured in Songshan, and Zu Dashou surrendered in Jinzhou. The Battle of Songjin marked the complete collapse of the Ming Dynasty's defense system in Liaodong, leaving only Ningyuan as an isolated city outside the pass. In the sixteenth year of Chongzhen (the eighth year of Chongde, 1643), Huang Taiji died of illness, and Fulin succeeded to the throne, which was the Shunzhi Emperor and was regent by his uncle Dorgon.

Unify the country

In 1644, the Dashun army led by Li Zicheng captured Beijing, and Emperor Chongzhen committed suicide and martyrdom in Jingshan. Wu Sangui, the Ming general stationed at Shanhaiguan, surrendered to the Qing Dynasty. Dolgon commanded the Eight Banners, with Wu Sangui as the lead, and entered the customs at the same time, defeated the Dashun army, and occupied Beijing. In the same year, Emperor Shunzhi moved the capital to Beijing and paid tribute to the ancestors of heaven and earth, saying that he was the monarch of all China. Later, the Qing court ordered the cessation of some barbaric policies and implemented a policy of rewarding land reclamation and reducing taxes. And officially opened the branch to take scholars, and posthumously respected Emperor Zhen and loyal ministers of the Ming Dynasty.

After the Qing Dynasty established its capital in Beijing, it went south to exterminate the peasant army. At the same time, the remnants of the Ming Dynasty in the south successively supported the imperial family to establish political power, which was known as the Southern Ming Dynasty in history. In addition, there are Li Zicheng's Dashun regime and Zhang Xianzhong's Daxi regime.

After Li Zicheng's death, the remnants of the Dashun Army fought against the Qing Dynasty with He Tengjiao, the governor of Nanming, Huguang, and the governor of Hubei. In 1647, the Qing army was defeated in Quanzhou, and the following year almost the whole of Hunan was recovered. Jin Shenghuan in Jiangxi and Li Chengdong in Guangzhou successively reversed, and there was an upsurge in the first anti-Qing struggle. However, the Yongli regime could not unite against the enemy, giving the Qing army a chance to breathe. From 1649 to 1650, He Tengjiao and Qu Shiyun died successively. In 1652, Li Dingguo led an army of 80,000 troops out of Guangxi and Guilin. He also invaded Hunan and Guangdong, "two famous kings, and the world shook". Liu Wenxiu also attacked Sichuan and recovered southern Sichuan. The anti-Qing troops of Zhang Huangyan and others on the southeast coast also launched an offensive, and the anti-Qing struggle reached a climax again. At this time, the contradiction between Sun Kewang and Li Dingguo broke out, destroying the good situation. After Sun Kewang surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, Yungui was known to the Qing army. Due to the large anti-Qing forces in South China, the Qing Emperor canonized Wu Sangui, Geng Zhongming and Shang Kexi as kings to guard Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong and Fujian, and was known as the Three Domains in history. In 1658, Wu Sangui led the Qing army into Yunnan, and in 1662, Emperor Yongli was killed, and the Southern Ming Dynasty perished.

In 1661, King Zheng of Yanping successfully recovered Taiwan, which was then a Dutch colony. After Emperor Yongli was killed, Zheng Chenggong's son Zheng Jing continued to use the Yongli era name of the Southern Ming Dynasty to treat Zhu Shugui, the king of Ningjing of the Southern Ming Dynasty, but did not support the Ming Dynasty clan as the emperor and the superintendent of the country.

In 1683, the Qing Dynasty conquered Taiwan, the Ming and Zheng Dynasty ended, and the Taiwan Prefecture was established in 1684. After more than 20 years of war, the Qing troops basically unified Chinese mainland.