When Zhou Tianle was reading a book in the library, he received a text message from Shu Xin to return to Suizhou, and Zhou Tianle said that he would send her off. Shu Xin refused, saying that he was already waiting for the train at the Hankou railway station. Zhou Tianle asked strangely, why did he go in such a hurry, was there anything wrong. Shu Xin said that he just missed his grandmother and went home to see.

Zhou Tianle spent the whole day reading history books, and he simply ate hot dry noodles for lunch, and then returned to the library, rested on the table for a while, and then continued reading. Looking at history is really a kind of practice.

"Choosing the beginning is choosing to persevere". Yun Jiuge said this sentence Zhou Tianle really doesn't know how to forget it, it is fixed in his mind like a nail, if he had gone back to the dormitory and slept until night before, in fact, there is another sentence that is also very reasonable: "Why do people wake up when they fall asleep?" ”

At first, Zhou Tianle thought that this was a question similar to philosophy or enlightenment, but now he calms down and thinks about it, isn't it just to continue to do what he didn't finish before going to sleep. Thinking of myself, what else can I do besides reading history, eating and sleeping and then eating and sleeping, I am not interested in other things, since I have nothing to do, then continue to watch. When he returned to the dormitory in the evening, Zhou Tianle would still recall the historical content he had seen today in order to deepen his impression.

The Wei State of the Three Kingdoms

Cao Cao was born in a family of eunuchs, his adoptive grandfather was the eunuch Cao Teng, and Cao Cao's father Cao Song was Cao Teng's adopted son, and he was an official to the Taiwei when Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty. After the collapse of the Kwantung Coalition Army, Cao Cao began to fight everywhere, first breaking Yu Poison, Bai Huan, Zhenggu, Yu Fuluo, etc., occupying Yanzhou, recovering 300,000 Qingzhou Yellow Turban Army, and gradually strengthening its power.

In 196 AD, after Cao Cao moved Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty to Xuchang, he began to "coerce the Son of Heaven to order not to be subordinate", and successively broke Yuan Shu, destroyed Lu Bu, descended Zhang Xiu, and chased Liu Bei. The power developed into the three states of Yan, Henan, and Xu, and occupied the Central Plains.

In 200 AD, Yuan Shao and Cao Cao launched a decisive battle in Guandu, Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao, and then spent seven years pacifying Hebei, pacifying the Southern Xiongnu, defeating Wuhuan, and unifying the north.

In 208 AD, Cao Cao led a large army south to unify the country, but was defeated by Sun Liu's coalition army in the Battle of Chibi.

In 213 AD, Cao Cao was named the Duke of Wei by Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, and the Wei State was founded. In Cao Cao's later years, Cao Pi used various stratagems, with the help of Sima Yi, Wu Zhen and other ministers, defeated his younger brother Cao Zhi and was made the prince. After Cao Cao died, Cao Pi succeeded to the throne as the king of Wei, and in 220 A.D., the Han dynasty was called the emperor, and the capital was Luoyang.

After Cao Pi ascended the throne, he insisted on monopolizing power, established Zhongshu Province, and restricted the power of eunuchs and relatives. It ensured that Wei never caused a political crisis due to eunuchs and relatives interfering in politics. However, due to the reduction of the power of the Cao Wei vassal king, the clan relatives were weak and powerless, and they were unable to prevent the foreign ministers from seizing power in the future.

In 226 AD, Cao Pi died, and Cao Ei ascended the throne in Luoyang as Emperor Ming of Wei. With the assistance of Cao Zhen, Cao Xiu, Chen Qun and Sima Yi, he began his twelve-year ruling career. After Cao Rong succeeded to the throne, Cao Wei spent most of his time in wars with Shu Han and Eastern Wu. In 238 AD, Cao Yi sent Sima Yi to attack Gongsun Yuan, and Liaodong was pacified. At the end of the same year, Cao Rong was critically ill, and Cao Shuang was appointed as a general, and he was jointly assisted by Sima Yi.

Cao Fang succeeded to the throne and was assisted by Sima Yi and Cao Shuang. Cao Shuang was arrogant and domineering, specializing in court politics, suppressing dissidents, and even the Empress Dowager Guo was placed under house arrest by him; And Sima Yi kept his head in obscurity and hibernated until he collapsed the Cao Shuang group in one fell swoop in the Gaopingling Incident, and the Sima family began to lean into power. Sima Yi and his sons Sima Shi and Sima Zhao successively suppressed the three rebellions of Huainan and consolidated the rule of the Sima clan.

In February 254 AD, Zhongshu ordered Li Feng and Empress Zhang's father, Guanglu Doctor Zhang Ji and others to plot to abolish Sima Shi, but the matter was exposed, and Sima Shi searched out the "Clothes and Belt Edict" and beheaded the clan. In the autumn of the same year, Sima Zhao was ordered to attack Jiang Wei and arrived in Beijing, where Cao Fang was optimistic about watching the army and wanted to kill Sima Zhao when he resigned, but Cao Fang did not carry it out because of fear. Sima Shi played the Empress Dowager to depose the emperor Cao Fang and set up Cao Chao as the emperor.

In 260 AD, Emperor Cao Chao of Wei was unwilling to threaten the throne of Sima, summoned Wang Jing and others, and told them that Sima Zhao's heart was known to passers-by, and he wanted to lead his own soldiers to fight. Sima Zhao then sent his confidant Jia Chong to send the warrior Cheng Ji to kill Cao Chao. Sima Zhao set up Cao Huan as emperor.

In 263 AD, Sima Zhao died of illness, and his son Sima Yan forced Cao Huan Chan to let go in 265 AD, changed the name of the country to Jin, and Cao Wei died.

The Shu Kingdom of the Three Kingdoms

Shu Han was established by Liu Bei, a descendant of the Han royal family, and the Shu Han Dynasty began with Liu Bei, the Zhaolie Emperor, and finally Liu Chan, the queen of Shu, with two emperors, a total of 42 years.

Liu Bei is a descendant of Liu Sheng, the king of Zhongshan, but his family is in the middle of the road, and in Liu Bei's generation, he can only make a living by weaving mats and selling shoes with his mother. Later, with the financial support of merchants Zhang Shiping and Su Shuang, Liu Bei was able to recruit his own private army, and achieved military exploits in the battle to suppress the Yellow Turban Uprising, thus gaining an official position. After that, the dispute between the eunuchs of the Han court was a defeat for both sides, Dong Zhuo took the opportunity to enter Beijing to disrupt the government, and the local taishou and county officials attacked each other for their own interests, forming a separatist force.

In 200 A.D., the edict of the cloth belt occurred, and Liu Bei rebelled against Cao. Because Liu Bei's military strength was still very weak, after being defeated by Cao Cao, he came to Jingzhou to seek refuge with Liu Biao.

In 208 AD, after Liu Bei got Zhuge Liang after visiting the thatched cottage three times, with Zhuge Liang's efforts, Liu Bei and Sun Quan reached an alliance, and the two families defeated Cao Cao in the Battle of Chibi.

From 209 to 219 AD, Liu Bei, with Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, Liu Feng, and Huang Zhong as the main generals, and Zhuge Liang, Pang Tong, and Fa Zheng as the main military divisions, successively recovered the counties of Jingzhou, forced Liu Zhang to occupy Western Shu, defeated Cao Cao to capture Hanzhong, and incorporated Guanzhong Ma Chao into his command, greatly increasing his strength, thus establishing Shu Han.

In 220 AD, Sun Quan sabotaged the alliance, first sent people to attack the three counties of Jingzhou, made peace with Liu Bei and then betrayed the alliance again, and attacked Jingzhou and killed Guan Yu when Guan Yu went north to capture Xiangfan. Liu Bei avenged Guan Yu and led his army to attack Eastern Wu. However, Lu Xun of Eastern Wu defeated Liu Bei with fire and won the Battle of Yiling. Liu Bei was defeated and returned to Yong'an with heavy losses. In 223 AD, Liu Bei summoned Zhuge Liang to Yong'an to explain the aftermath, and then died of illness, and Liu Chan succeeded him.

In 225 AD, Zhuge Liang personally led his army deep into Nanzhong and quelled the rebellion in Nanzhong. Some Southern Barbarian generals such as Meng Shu were appointed, and a large amount of resources were obtained from them, and the actual territory controlled by Shu Han was also expanded.

In 227 AD, Zhuge Liang garrisoned Hanzhong, incorporated Hanzhong Taishou Wei Yan into the Prime Minister's Mansion, and let Zhendong General Zhao Yun transfer to Hanzhong to prepare for the Northern Expedition.

Between 228 and 234 AD, Zhuge Liang launched five attacks on Wei, all of which failed to complete the goal of "reviving the Han dynasty". In 235 AD, Zhuge Liang died of illness in Wuzhangyuan.

From 234 to 246 A.D., it was the period of Jiang Wan's auxiliary government, during which Liu Chan saw that Emperor Cao Rui of Wei Ming was building a large number of buildings and levying civil service, thinking that this was a sign of defeat, so he let Jiang Wan garrison Hanzhong and wait for the opportunity to go on a northern expedition.

The period from 246 to 253 AD was the period of Fei Yi's auxiliary government. After Fei Yi came to power, he only focused on protecting the territory and the people, no longer using troops against Wei, and reduced Jiang Wei's troops. A year later, Fei Yi was assassinated by the Assassins.

After Fei Yi's death, Liu Chan asked the Wei general Jiang Wei to be the governor of the internal and external military.

From 238 to 262 AD, Jiang Wei carried out eleven northern expeditions to Wei, although Jiang Wei was good at military affairs, but after the death of Fei Yi, the internal affairs of Shu Han were not governed, Jiang Wei fought for many years, and the national strength of Shu Han was not as good as before, and gradually declined.

In 263 AD, Jiang Wei got the news that Zhong Hui was in charge of the army, and Liu Chan sent Zhang Yi and Liao Hua to garrison the danger, but Huang Hao listened to the ghosts and gods and told Liu Chan that the enemy would not come, and it was not until the Wei army invaded Hanzhong that Liu Chan sent Zhang Yi, Liao Hua and others to the rescue, but it was too late. Jiang Wei blocked Zhonghui's army in the Sword Pavilion, but he didn't expect Deng Ai to smuggle in from Jinggu Road and defeat Zhuge Zhan. In 263 AD, Liu Chan surrendered, and Shu Han perished. Liu Chan and some Shu Han ministers were moved to Luoyang to live and were named the Duke of Anle, and later died in Luoyang at the age of 64.

The Kingdom of Wu of the Three Kingdoms

During the Yellow Turban Uprising at the end of the Han Dynasty, Sun Jian followed Zhu Jun to suppress the Yellow Turbans, and participated in the pacification of the northwest border rebellion. During Dong Zhuo's rebellion, Sun Jian participated in the crusade against Dong Zhuo's Kwantung coalition army and made many military achievements. Defeated the rampant Dong Zhuo and stationed in the capital Luoyang, where he was killed in battle in 191 AD during the conquest of Jingzhou.

In 194 AD, Sun Jian's eldest son, Sun Ce, defected to Yuan Shu and recovered part of Sun Jian's old department, and began to develop to Jiangdong, and his strength continued to increase. In 196 AD, after Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty established the capital in Xuchang, Sun Ce rejected Yuan Shu and joined Cao Cao, and was appointed as a rebellious general and named Marquis of Wu. In 199 A.D., Yuan Shu died of illness, Sun Ce annexed the rest of Yuan Shu, defeated Liu Xun, conquered Jiangxia, defeated Huang Zu and persuaded Huaxin to surrender, and his strength grew rapidly.

In 200 AD, Sun Ce died, and Sun Ce's younger brother Sun Quan led Sun Ce's old department, and was assisted by Zhang Zhao, Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu and others.

In 208 AD, Sun Quan moved from Wu County to the capital. In the same year, Liu Biao fell ill and died. At this time, Cao Cao had basically unified the north and led the army south, Liu Biao's second son Liu Cong looked at the wind and surrendered, and then defeated Liu Bei, who was attached to Liu Biao, in Dangyang Changsaka. After occupying Jingzhou, Cao Cao wrote a letter to Sun Quan, intending to take Sun Wu. Sun Wu's inner part was the main battle and the main peace faction, the main battle was led by Lu Su and Zhou Yu, and the main battle was led by Zhang Zhao and Qin Song. Sun Quan correctly estimated the situation and intended to fight Cao Cao. At this time, Lu Su brought Liu Bei's military advisor Zhuge Liang from Jiangxia, showing Liu Bei's determination to join forces with Wu to resist Cao. Zhou Yu also returned in time, and Chen said that Cao Cao's army had various weaknesses and that there was hope of victory in the war. Sun Quan decisively decided to fight Cao Cao.

Zhou Yu adopted the fire plan offered by the general Huang Gai and ordered him to send a letter to Cao Cao to carry out a fraudulent surrender, but Cao Cao believed it and suffered heavy casualties. Zhou Yu and others led the army to take advantage of the situation to rush and kill, and Cao's army was defeated. Cao Cao led the remnants of his army to flee from Huarong Road to Jiangling. In the Battle of Chibi, the Wu army defeated Cao Cao with 30,000 men, and this battle laid the foundation of the Three Kingdoms.

In 215 AD, Liu Bei took Shu, Sun Quan returned Jingzhou, and Liu Bei did not comply. Sun Quan, who was furious, took Lü Meng as his general and prepared to seize Jingzhou, and the war was about to break out. However, Cao Cao obtained Hanzhong at this time, and Liu Bei faced a great threat, so he had to negotiate peace with Sun Quan and recognize that Changsha and Guiyang in Jingzhou belonged to Sun Quan. In the same year, Sun Quan conquered Hefei, could not be attacked for a long time, and led the army to return. On the way back, Sun Quan was defeated by the Wei general Zhang Liao.

In 219 AD, Guan Yu launched the Battle of Xiangfan. At this time, Sun Quan watched Liu Bei gradually become bigger, so he changed his strategy, pointed the finger at Liu Bei, and united with Cao Cao. Cao Cao named Sun Quan as a hussar general, a false festival, a pastor of Jingzhou, and a marquis of Nanchang. Subsequently, Sun Quan took Hubei as the capital and changed its name to Wuchang. After Cao Pi replaced the Han dynasty as emperor, Sun Quan was canonized as the king of Wu, the general, and the pastor of Jingzhou, and made Sun Deng the crown prince.

In 221 AD, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor and raised troops to attack Wu, Sun Quan was worried that the Wei State would take the opportunity to attack because of the Han army, so he took the initiative to declare himself a vassal to the Wei Dynasty, and appointed Lu Xun as the governor of the capital, leading 50,000 people to resist the Han army. Lu Xun insisted on not fighting, breaking Liu Bei's intention to fight quickly. Soon after, Lu Xun suddenly counterattacked, and Yu Yiling launched a fire attack, breaking the Han army, and Liu Bei fled in a hurry.

In 222 AD, Cao Pi sent troops to attack Wu, and the Wei army besieged Jiangling for six months, but returned in vain due to the strong defense of Wu's general Zhu Ran. In August 224 AD, Cao Piqin led the naval army to attack Wu for the second time, but due to a storm, the river swelled, and had to retreat again. In order to defend against the Wei army, Shu and Wu restored their alliance. In May 225 AD, Cao Pi led the sailors to conquer Wu for the third time, and arrived in Guangling in October, preparing to cross the river. At this time, the weather was bitterly cold, the Yangtze River was frozen, the warships could not move, and the Wu State was strictly defended, so they had to return.

In 228 AD, Wei and Wu fought again, and then lost at the Battle of Shiting, so that Cao Wei did not launch a large-scale attack on Wu for twenty-four years, and the relatively stable environment after the war laid the foundation for Sun Quan to become emperor. On May 23, 229 AD, Sun Quan proclaimed himself emperor and built the capital of Wuchang.

In 241 AD, Sun Quan's eldest son, Sun Deng, died. In the following year, Sun Quan established the third son and son as the crown prince, and soon named the fourth son and grandson as the king of Lu, which triggered the "dispute between the two palaces". The ministers of the DPRK and China were also divided into two factions. In the end, Sun He was deposed, Sun Ba was given to death, the young Sun Sun Liang was made the crown prince, and the famous minister Lu Xun was also insulted by Sun Quan because of his involvement in this incident, and died of resentment. Sun Wu began to decline.

In April 252 AD, Sun Quan died of illness, and Sun Liang, who was only ten years old, ascended the throne, and was assisted by Zhuge Ke, Sun Hong, Sun Jun and others. In that year, the Battle of Dongxing broke out, and the Wei Eastern Route Army, with Sima Zhao as the governor, approached Dongxing. Sun Wu, with Zhuge Ke as the commander, led an army of 40,000 to meet the Wei army attacking Dongxing, and the Wei army was defeated.

In 253 AD, Zhuge Ke's expedition to Huainan failed, and he was killed by Sun Jun and others, and the power fell into the hands of Sun Jun. Three years later, Sun Jun died of illness and handed over power to Sun Qi, a general from his younger brother. Sun Qi was fond of killing, cruel and unreasonable, and killed Sun Wu's important generals Lu Ju and Zhu Yi, and the protracted civil strife also seriously weakened Sun Wu's national strength.

In 258 AD, Sun Qi deposed Sun Liang and set up Sun Quan's sixth son, Sun Xiu, to ascend the throne. Sun Qi and his five brothers were all in charge of the forbidden army, and their power far exceeded that of the emperor. Soon after, Sun Qi was killed again.

In 264 AD, Sun Xiu fell ill and died. At this time, Shu Han had just perished, Sun Wu was completely surrounded by Wei, and Wan Yu of Zuo Dianjun recommended Sun He's eldest son Sun Hao to Pu Yangxing, the prime minister who held real power at that time, and Zhang Bu, the general of Zuo, to take the throne. Sun Hao was cruel to his subjects, while he was arrogant and lascivious, and the people's resentment was boiling. In addition, Sun Hao constantly waged wars against the Jin, which brought a heavy burden to the state of Wu and was unanimously opposed by the Jiangdong scholars.

In 279 AD, Emperor Wu of Jin divided into six armies to attack Wu. Sun Wu centrifuged up and down, neglected his precautions, and failed one after another. On May 1, 280 AD, Sun Hao knew that the general situation was gone, tied his hands behind his back, and carried the coffin to the gate of the Western Jin Dynasty to surrender. The court of the Western Jin Dynasty named Sun Hao as the "Marquis of Destiny". Sun Wu perished, and the Western Jin Dynasty achieved unification.