1. Trust your instincts and avoid them immediately if you find someone with bad intentions.

2. Take care of friends and family to let others know their whereabouts.

3. Take the safest way to enter and exit, avoid returning at night and taking secluded paths.

4. Avoid taking the elevator alone with strangers, and try to stand close to the alarm bell.

5. Be careful with the door and refuse to let strangers into the house.

6. Avoid being alone with a man you first met, or taking drugs and drinking unknown drinks.

7. Clearly express your unwillingness with "no".

8. Learn effective self-defense techniques and make good use of personal belongings such as keys, rings, and even umbrellas or shoes as counter-weapons.

9. Keep calm and alert, adapt to emergencies, shout "firefighting" is more effective than "help", and attack the opponent's weak points quickly and accurately, such as eyes, ears, nose or lower body.

10. Keep in mind the characteristics of the offender and talk to the other party to delay time.

Enhance self-protection awareness

Self-help methods

1. Correct use of "119" telephone: When calling the police, first of all, you must be calm and calm, and don't panic.

First, it is necessary to clearly explain the fire unit, address, burning object, and fire situation, and tell the fire brigade the name and phone number of the person who called the police so that they can be contacted. After calling the police, I or send someone to the traffic intersection leading to the fire scene to pick up the fire truck.

Second, we should call the police as soon as possible to buy time for fire fighting and reduce losses.

2. The causes of fire accidents are: arson, electrical, illegal operation, careless use of fire, playing with fire, smoking, spontaneous combustion, lightning strikes and other factors, such as earthquakes, wind disasters, etc.

3. Fire: that is, the burning phenomenon that is out of control in time and space and causes certain harm, which is called fire.

4. According to the combustion substance and characteristics, the fire is divided into five categories: A, B, C, D, and E:

Category A, which refers to fires of combustible solid substances; Category B refers to the fire of liquid and molten solid substances, Category C refers to the fire of combustible gas, and Category D refers to the fire of combustible metals, such as potassium, sodium, magnesium, titanium, lithium, aluminum alloy and other substances. Category E, refers to electrical fires.

5. Different fire extinguishing agents should be selected according to different types of fires:

(1) Water, foam, ammonium phosphate dry powder fire extinguishing agent should be used to extinguish Class A fire. (2) Dry powder and foam fire extinguishing agents should be used to extinguish Class B fires. Chemical foam fire extinguishing agent and anti-soluble foam fire extinguishing agent shall not be used to extinguish polar solvent class B fire. (3) Dry powder and carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agents should be used to extinguish Class C fires. (4) Use 7150 fire extinguishing agent, sand, soil, etc. to extinguish Class D fires. (5) Use dry powder, carbon dioxide, heptafluoropropane and other fire extinguishing agents to extinguish Class E fires.

6. The basic principles of fire prevention are: to prevent the occurrence of combustion conditions, not to combine and act on the three combustion conditions, and to take measures to limit and weaken the development of combustion conditions to prevent the spread of fire, which is the basic principle of fire prevention.

7. The basic measures of fire prevention are:

(1) Control combustibles. substitution of flammable or combustible materials with non-combustible or non-combustible materials; Adopt local ventilation or full ventilation to reduce the concentration of combustible gas, vapor and dust; Items that can interact with each other and react with each other are stored separately.

(2) Isolate combustibles. It is to prevent flammable gases, liquids, and solids from coming into contact with combustibles such as air, oxygen, or other oxidants, and even if they have a fire effect, they will not burn because there are no combustible materials involved.

(3) Eliminate ignition sources. It is to strictly control open flames, electric fires and prevent fires caused by static electricity and lightning strikes.

(4) Stop the spread of fire. It is to prevent ignition sources such as flames or sparks from escaping into equipment, pipelines or spaces with a risk of burning or exploding, or to prevent flames from expanding in equipment and pipelines, or to limit combustion to a certain range and not to burn outward.

8. The basic principle of fire extinguishing is: according to the basic conditions of combustion, all fire extinguishing measures are to destroy the combustion conditions that have been formed, or to terminate the chain reaction of combustion to extinguish the fire and control the fire within a certain range, so as to minimize the fire loss.

9. The basic methods of fire extinguishing are: cooling fire extinguishing method, which is to spray the fire extinguishing agent directly on the burning object, reduce the temperature of the combustible substance below the ignition point, and terminate the combustion. Such as extinguishing a fire with water.

The isolation fire extinguishing method is to isolate or evacuate the burning object from the nearby combustible substance to stop the combustion.

The suffocation fire extinguishing method is to prevent the air from flowing into the combustion area, or dilute the air with non-combustible substances, so that the burning substances are extinguished without the support of oxygen. For example, use foam to extinguish oil fires.

The inhibition fire extinguishing method, also known as the chemical interruption method, is to involve the fire extinguishing agent in the combustion reaction process, so that the free radicals generated in the combustion process disappear, and a stable molecule or low activity free radical is formed to stop the combustion reaction.

Such as dry powder fire extinguishing agent to extinguish gas fire.

10. Commonly used fire extinguishers are: dry powder fire extinguishers, carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, and foam fire extinguishers.

11. The fires that cannot be extinguished by water are:

(1) Alkali metals cannot be extinguished with water. Because the reaction between water and alkali metals (such as metal potassium and sodium) can cause water to split to form hydrogen and release a large amount of heat, it is easy to cause explosion.

(2) Carbide alkali metals and hydride alkali metals cannot be extinguished with water. For example, potassium carbide, sodium carbide, aluminum carbide and calcium carbide, potassium hydride and magnesium chloride can undergo chemical reactions when exposed to water, releasing a large amount of heat, which may cause fire and explosion.

(3) Flammable liquids that are lighter than water and insoluble in water should not be extinguished with water in principle.

(4) Molten iron and molten steel cannot be extinguished with water. Because the temperature of molten iron and molten steel is about 1600°C, water vapor can decompose hydrogen and oxygen when it is above 1000°C, and there is a risk of explosion.

(5) The triacids (sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid) cannot be extinguished with a strong water flow, and if necessary, a spray water flow can be used to extinguish it.

(6) The fire of high-voltage electrical installation, in the absence of good grounding equipment or no cut-off current, generally cannot be extinguished with water.

12. How to use carbon dioxide fire extinguisher:

Pull out the safety bolt first, then press down the pressure handle (or turn the valve) to aim the nozzle at the root of the flame to extinguish the fire.

Precautions for carbon dioxide fire extinguishers: Wear gloves when using them to avoid skin contact with the spray cartridge and spray hose to prevent frostbite. When using a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher to extinguish an electrical fire, if the voltage exceeds 600 volts, the power should be cut off before extinguishing the fire.

13. How to use dry powder fire extinguisher:

It is the same as the use of carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, but it should be noted that before using dry powder fire extinguishers, the fire extinguisher should be turned upside down several times to loosen the dry powder in the cylinder. When using ABC dry powder fire extinguisher to extinguish solid fires, the fire extinguishing nozzle should be aimed at the most violent burning place, and the dry powder fire extinguishing agent should be sprayed evenly on the surface of the combustion until the fire is completely extinguished. Because the cooling effect of dry powder is very small, it is necessary to prevent re-ignition after extinguishing the fire.

14. How to extinguish household appliances after fire:

(1) Shut down immediately, dial the power plug or pull down the main switch, if only the electric ignition is found to be smoking, after the power is off, the fire will be extinguished by itself.

(2) If combustible materials such as wire insulation and electrical shells catch fire, they can be closed with wet quilts and other coverings to extinguish the fire.

(3) Do not use water to extinguish the fire, so as to prevent the TV picture tube from bursting and injuring people.

(4) Without repair, it is not allowed to be connected to the power supply to avoid electric shock and fire accidents

15. Computer fire rescue method:

If the computer catches fire, even if the machine is turned off, or even the plug is unplugged, the components in the machine are still very hot, and flames will still burst out and produce poisonous gas, and the phosphor screen and picture tube may also explode. Do not splash water on a computer that is on fire, even if it has been turned off, as a sudden drop in temperature can cause the red-hot CRT to burst, and there is still residual current in the computer, which can cause an electric shock. Do not lift the cover to watch, and when extinguishing a fire, in order to prevent the CRT from exploding and injuring people, only approach the computer from the side or back.

16. To prevent fire at home, it is necessary to:

(1) Do not connect the power cord privately;

(2) Do not litter cigarette butts;

(3) Do not smoke in bed;

(4) Do not light candles in the mosquito net to read;

(5) Do not burn sundries, and take effective fire prevention measures when lighting mosquito coils;

(6) Do not store flammable and explosive materials;

(7) Do not use high-power electrical appliances such as fast heating, electric stoves, air conditioners, etc., and do not use electrical appliances that may cause fires such as electric blankets and inferior electrical appliances;

(8) Do not use alcohol stoves and liquefier stoves for cooking;

(9) If you want people to go and cut off the power. If you smell the smell of wire glue, you should report it in time and take measures. (10) Do not go near pillows and bedding for table lamps;

17. In the event of a fire, doors and windows cannot be opened casually:

Because when the doors and windows of the room are closed, the air is not smooth, and the indoor oxygen supply is insufficient, therefore, the fire develops slowly, once the doors and windows are opened, a large amount of fresh air pours in, and the fire develops rapidly; At the same time, a large amount of smoke influxes in, which can easily poison people, suffocate and die.

In addition, due to the convection of the air, flames will escape outward, so in the event of a fire, doors and windows should not be opened casually.

18. Fire escape methods:

Generally speaking, the main methods of fire escape are:

(1) Use the ascending fire truck, hook ladder and two ladders to escape;

(2) Use the passage of the building or the facilities in the building to escape;

(3) Self-made equipment to escape;

(4) Seek refuge and escape;

(5) Mutual rescue and escape;

(6) Use the fire-fighting equipment or other equipment around you to escape while extinguishing the fire.

19. The correct way to extinguish a fire on the body:

Once the body is on fire, the first thing you should do is to take off your clothes and put out the fire. Or roll on the spot and suffocate the fire. But don't roll too fast, and don't run. If there is a water source such as a pond or river nearby, you can quickly jump into the water, or get water nearby in time to extinguish the fire. However, when the body is burned, you should be careful not to jump into the sewage to prevent infection.

20. In the event of a fire, you cannot evacuate by general elevator:

The reasons why you can't easily evacuate by ordinary elevator on the fire ground: First, after a fire, it is often easy to cut off power and cause the elevator to be "stuck", which brings difficulty to the rescue work and affects the timely evacuation. Second, the elevator goes directly to all floors of the building, and the smoke on the fire scene pours into the elevator passage very easily causing the "chimney effect", and people will be choked by the smoke and poisonous gas in the elevator at any time and suffocate to death.

21. Self-rescue methods for fire escape:

a. After a fire, do not delay the precious escape time for dressing and finding money, evacuate from the safe passage, safety exit and fire staircase as soon as possible, and do not blindly run around or use the elevator to escape;

b. When leaving the fire scene, do not walk upright when encountering thick smoke, try to walk in a low posture or crawl forward, and cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel to avoid being suffocated by the smoke;

c. When the staircase has caught fire, but has not yet burned and the fire is not very violent, you can put on water-soaked clothes or sheets and quickly rush down from the upper floor. When the staircase has been burned and the fire is quite fierce, you can use a rope or tear the bed sheet into strips to connect them, tie one end to a solid door, window or other heavy object, and then slide down the rope or cloth strip (residents above the third floor should use caution)

d. When all kinds of escape routes are cut off, you should retreat to the living room, take smoke and fire prevention measures, close the doors and windows, pour water on the doors and windows, cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel, do a good job of personal protection, and at the same time, wave bright things outdoors (at night, you can turn on a flashlight) to send a distress signal;

e. Once the clothes are burned during the escape, the person on fire can fall down and roll on the spot to extinguish the flames on his body, or let others help extinguish the flames, remember not to run.

22. Escape method in the event of a fire in the theater: choose the corresponding escape method according to different fire parts:

(1) When the stage is on fire, try to get as close to the end of the screening hall as possible and grasp the opportunity to escape;

(2) When there is a fire in the auditorium, you can use the stages, the screening hall and the various exits of the auditorium to escape;

(3) When the screening hall is on fire, you can use the various exits of the stage and the audience hall to escape;

(4) Regardless of where the fire breaks out, the audience upstairs can evacuate through the evacuation door and through the stairs;

In addition, you can also use local materials, use curtains and other items, make your own life-saving equipment, and open up evacuation channels.

23. How to escape in the event of a fire in a dance hall or karaoke hall:

(1) Stay calm and identify the direction of the safety exit.

(2) The camera chooses a variety of ways to escape: if the dance hall is located on the ground floor of the floor, it can jump out of the window directly; If it is located on the second and third floors, you can grab the window sill and slide down, so that your feet hit the ground first; If the dance hall is located in a high-rise building or underground building, it should be evacuated according to the fire escape method of the high-rise building or underground building.

(3) If the escape passage of the ballroom is blocked by fire and smoke, and the auxiliary life-saving facilities cannot be found for a while, the trapped persons can only temporarily flee to the weaker area of the fire, send a distress signal to the window, and wait for the rescue of firefighters.

(4) Pay attention to prevent poisoning during escape. If you wet your clothes with water to cover your mouth and nostrils, if you can't find water for a while, you can use a drink instead; During the escape operation, you should walk or crawl in a low posture to reduce the harm of smoke to the human body.

24. How to escape in case of fire by bus:

When the engine catches fire, get out of the car after the driver opens the door. If the fire is in the middle of the car, passengers will be disembarked from the car in an orderly manner through both doors after the driver opens the door. If the flame is small but seals the door, passengers can cover their heads with clothing and rush down the door. If the door line is damaged by fire and cannot be opened, passengers should smash open the nearest window and roll out of the bus. Due to the ever-changing situation of the fire scene, it is necessary to evacuate according to the actual situation.