Lead:

The so-called "what is bought but not what is sold" is caused by information asymmetry from an economic point of view. In today's society, many things are measured by information, and information has become an important force for survival in this era, and only those who can have information in time can have an advantage. Therefore, we need to reduce the decision-making errors caused by information asymmetry, and both enterprises and individuals must find better ways to transmit and search for information through various ways.

Xiao Wang tore open a large pack of 4+2 biscuits he bought yesterday in the morning, and was immediately dumbfounded, "Eh, why does the clear cream soufflé flavor become a creamy coconut flavor that I don't want to eat a second time?" "When I bought it, I found that it was buy 4 get 2 free, and I also had my favorite clear cream soufflé flavor, and I found that there was also an inner packaging, which was cost-effective! But the outer packaging is not the same as the inner packaging! It turned out that there was no outer packaging in the same below, and as a result, there were 4 packs of lemon flavored and 2 packs of packaged cream coconut flavored, which made people who didn't like cream coconut flavor buy it, and let people who might like it remember it, which is really clever.

Xiao Wang later went to a cosmetics store one day to buy eye cream, and the store gave him a membership card, saying that he could trim his eyebrows for free and get 20% off shopping. With the membership card, I will go to trim my eyebrows when I have time, the service is very thoughtful, and the repair is also careful. During the free eyebrow trimming period, Xiao Wang was recommended to buy creams, toners, base creams, conditioners, sunscreens, masks, etc. Xiao Wang suddenly found that she was still calculated by the makeup store, and she consumed a lot of things unconsciously, and the makeup store made her a lot of money. Xiao Wang couldn't help but sigh: "It's better to buy than to sell." ”

The so-called "what is bought but not what is sold" is caused by information asymmetry from an economic point of view.

Information is an important part of game theory. From the perspective of knowledge possession, the game is divided into complete information game and incomplete information game.

In the above case, Xiao Wang, due to the disadvantage caused by information asymmetry, is a dilemma that almost everyone will face. In the game, there is often a situation where one party knows the information but the other party does not know, and this information is the private information of the party that owns the information. It is precisely because of the existence of this kind of private information that the phenomenon of information asymmetry will occur, resulting in one advantage and one disadvantage on both sides of the game.

Take the second-hand housing market, for example. In the second-hand housing market, it is assumed that there are several different second-hand houses to be sold, and the owners of the old houses know the quality of the houses they are selling, and the higher prices for the higher quality ones are higher, and the prices for the lower ones are lower. However, the buyer does not know the quality of each house, and the buyer can only buy at the weighted average price of the good old house and the bad old house.

Another example is in the labor market, for employers, in the face of a large number of applicants, it is impossible for them to know all the information of the candidates in a short period of time, so they can only provide information based on the candidates, such as academic qualifications, experience, etc. It is precisely because of the information asymmetry between employers and employees in the labor market that employers must rely on a market signal (e.g., a bachelor's degree) to identify them. This is why some recruiters will have academic requirements for applicants. But the reality is that undergraduates are not all capable of being strong, and some are not even well adapted to the job. This is caused by information asymmetry.

Because of the asymmetry of information, those who have information have the upper hand over those who do not, and those who have more information have an advantage over those who have less information. For example, in the economic field, there are many examples of information asymmetry that can be used to make huge returns; In the stock market, people with reliable sources of information are more likely to make money than those who do not.

In today's society, many things are measured by information, and information has become an important force for survival in this era, and only those who can have information in time can have an advantage. Therefore, we need to reduce the decision-making errors caused by information asymmetry, and both enterprises and individuals must find better ways to transmit and search for information through various ways. Excellent enterprises can publicize their product advantages through such channels as advertising, so that others can get more information, so that their own interests can be fully safeguarded; Individuals should also strive to get more information to themselves in order to prevent themselves from being disadvantaged due to information asymmetry.