Guqin, also known as Yaoqin, Yuqin, and Silk Tong, is a musical instrument in China.

Ancient Jane records that Fuxi made the qin, and there are legends such as Shennong making the qin, the Yellow Emperor making the qin, and Tang Yao making the qin, and the Shunding qin is the five strings, which shows that the guqin culture has a long history, broad and profound.

The guqin has thirteen emblems that mark the rhythm of music, and it is also a ritual instrument and a musical law instrument, which belongs to the silk in the eight tones.

The guqin has a wide range, a deep timbre, and a long aftersound.

Regarded as a symbol of elegance and an accompaniment instrument to the chanting of literati, the guqin has been a necessary knowledge and compulsory subject for many people since ancient times.

Among all the instruments, the piano is the best.

The qin is not only a musical instrument, but also a spiritual way of life for literati and scholars to cultivate their self-cultivation with the qin, and even to calm their minds and enlighten the Tao with the qin.

It is recorded in ancient Jane that the creation of the qin is related to the emperor at the beginning of Chinese civilization, "Fu Xi made the qin, one string, seven feet two inches long." ”

"Shennong's piano is made of pure silk as the string and carved paulownia wood as the piano. By the time of the Five Emperors, it was changed to eight feet and six inches. Yu Shun changed to five strings. ”

In addition to being used for suburban temple sacrifices, court meetings, ceremonies and other elegant music, the guqin is also flourishing among the people.

The guqin has a range of four octaves and two notes. There are seven loose sounds, ninety-one overtones, and one hundred and forty-seven sounds.

The sound of the guqin is very unique, and ordinary people can feel the quiet and distant of the guqin when they listen to the music.

"Quiet" can be said to be the biggest feature of the qin sound, and the qin sound is also known as the "ancient sound" and "the sound of heaven and earth".

The "quiet" here also has two meanings, one is that the piano needs a quiet environment, and the other is that the fuqin needs a quiet state of mind.

The three tones of the guqin, scattered, overtones, and pressed tones, are all very quiet.

The loose sound is loose and distant, which makes people think of ancient times; its overtones are like the sounds of nature, there is a sense of coldness into the immortals; the sound is very rich, the afterglow of the chant under the fingers, subtle and long, sometimes like human language, can be dialogued, sometimes like the mood of the human heart, ethereal and changeable.

The overtone is like the sky, the sound is like a person, and the sound is the same as the earth, which is called the three sounds of heaven, earth and man.

Therefore, the guqin can be used to express the thoughts of human feelings, and it can also reach the principles of heaven, earth and the universe.

In the three-tone interlacing, changeable, and leisurely guqin music, all the mountains and flowing water, the pine wind, the water light and cloud shadows, the insects and birds, and the complex thoughts of human feelings and religious philosophy can be expressed as much as possible, so there is a saying that "the piano of the sages of the past, the sound of all things in heaven and earth are in it".

Guqin has the most excellent moral character, and it is the most suitable for a gentleman as a tool for cultivation.

The sound of the piano can make people calm down, feel the atmosphere of peace and calmness, and experience the peace and joy of the heart; the cleanliness and subtlety of the piano music can make people feel their hearts, vent their feelings, dissolve the uneven atmosphere, and sublimate the artistic conception of the soul.

In the final analysis, it is to use the "peace of virtue" in the piano to cultivate the character of "neutralization" of a gentleman and achieve the purpose of "music education".

In particular, the ideas of "big sound and hope" and "joy without music" can be best reflected in the guqin.

The low and ethereal sound of the piano allows people to enter the artistic conception of "silent music" beyond the sound by stroking the qin and listening to the qin, and experience the realm of "hope" and "extreme quietness"; the sage called this kind of quiet realm that penetrates all things in heaven and earth as "heavenly music", and "pushes it into heaven and earth and passes through all things with virtual quietness, which is called heavenly music", which is a kind of spiritual realm in which heaven and man are in harmony, speechless and happy, and beyond the sound feeling.

When playing the guqin, place the qin on the table, pluck the strings with your right hand, and press the strings with your left hand to make a sound.

There are many guqin techniques, there are more than 1,000 kinds in ancient times, such as the right hand of wiping, picking, hooking, ticking, beating, picking, breaking, supporting, that is, "the right hand eight *******, dialing, choking, pinching, locking, such as one, rolling, whisking, double playing, etc., the left hand up, down, forward and back, retreating, chanting, squirting, gang, kneeling fingers, picking up, bringing up, claw up, hitting, pulling, full support, half support, gong, hook, finger turning, soling and so on.

The right hand of the guqin also has a difference between fingers and nails and fingers.

The strings of the right hand are carried by the big, index, middle, and ring fingers.

Generally speaking, the big and middle fingers are stronger, and the index and ring fingers are weaker.

The little finger is the forbidden finger in the guqin, and only the other four fingers are played, and the strings of these four fingers are divided into two kinds of finger nail play and finger face meat play.

The former has a lighter, thinner and brighter timbre, while the latter has a heavier, thicker and solid timbre.

Separate the nails with flesh, light and clear, pick and pick, light and turbid, wipe is also.

Heavy and clear, culling is also, heavy and turbid, hooking is also.

If you want to pick the outer string one or two, you need to pick it if you want to be heavy, and if you want to be heavy, you need to use the hook, if you want to be heavy, you need to use the split, and if you want to be heavy, you need to use the pick, and if you want to be heavy, you need to use the hook.

Wipe the picky tick to get the right sound, pick the split to get the sound, each from its bottom finger also.

The guqin is played with the left hand pressing the strings and the right hand playing the strings.

The difference in timbre can be caused by the difference between the fingers of the left hand and the part of the fingers.

In addition to the occasional middle finger and index finger, the most commonly used strings are the name finger and the big finger, and there are also two kinds of parts of the string.

Generally speaking, the sound of the first finger is warm and steady, the big finger is crisp and bright, the meat is warm and steady, and the flesh is crisp and bright.

As far as the strings of the right hand are concerned, the range of variations in strength is very wide.

Due to the effective length of the guqin and the wide amplitude, the same string playing technique can play a very soft and fluttering note, and at the same time it can also play a very heavy and strong sound, depending on the strength used by the player.

In fact, the four fingers of the guqin strings themselves have different dynamics.

Generally speaking, the support and split of the big finger and the tick and hook of the middle finger are particularly strong, while the index finger and the name finger are relatively weaker.

Among the four fingers, the effect of using a meat bullet is different from that of a nail bullet.

If the force is equal, then the thicker one has a larger volume and a smaller unit pressure, so the strength wins; the thinner one is small in size and has a strong pressure, so the strength wins.

When playing the guqin, you can choose the appropriate string technique according to the needs of the sound intensity, and the choice is quite large.

The left-hand string pressing technique also has an effect on the dynamics.

First of all, the difference in the position of the string and the difference in technique can cause a change in dynamics.

In the case of string fingers, there is a difference between the big finger and the first and middle fingers: with the big finger, the big finger is bright and powerful, and its sound lines are thin and smooth, while the first and middle fingers are soft and warm, and the sound lines are thicker and looser.

As far as the string pressing part is concerned, there is a difference between the meat press and the nail flesh half press: the nail flesh half is bright and powerful, and its sound line is thin and smooth, and the meat press is soft and warm, and the sound line is thicker and looser.

If the sound line is thin and smooth, its texture is dense and its strength is strong, and if the sound line is thick and loose, its texture is sparse and its strength is weak.

How thick and thin, how strong and how weak, you can also choose the appropriate string technique according to the dynamics requirements of the musical performance.

In addition to the strength of the left and right hands, there is another factor in the tension of the guqin pronunciation, which is the speed of the left hand.

Generally speaking, the faster the speed, the more powerful it is, and vice versa, the more slack.

However, it is also more important to depend on the state of change of speed.

When the left hand uses techniques such as qi and zhu, its fingers are usually non-uniform, that is, they are variable, and they are either in a state of deceleration or acceleration.

The trajectory formed by uniform motion is linear, while deceleration motion and acceleration motion are parabolic or parabolic.

Straight lines do not form tension, only parabolas are lines full of tension. The difference is that the trajectory of the parabola tends to be tense and relaxed, while the trajectory of the reverse parabola tends to be tense from relaxation.

Those who tend to be nervous are strong and strong, and those who tend to be relaxed are stable and stretched.

The effect is different, but they are all tense lines.

Most of the trajectories formed by the guqin when it is played in the form of squirting and note are parabolic or anti-parabola, so it is extremely tense.

There are 35 kinds of guqin tuning, the strings are fixed according to the pentatonic scale, and the normal tuning range has four octaves and one major second.

Among the stringed instruments, the guqin is a more unique instrument, with a fretboard and no columns and frets.

When playing, the piano is placed horizontally on the table, the right hand throws the strings, and the left hand presses the strings to take the sound, completely relying on the piano logo, not limited to the thirteen emblems, many of the tones are between the emblems and the emblems, and the pitch is extremely strict.