Professor Arbor said that he had just seen the full set of test reports of Vinegar Tan through the real-time image transmission of the computer.

Then I asked when the vinegar Tan's sense of smell was the problem.

Vinegar Tan said that his sense of smell was caused by the sequelae of ultra-high fever shock in February 2012.

Professor Arbor already knew that Vinegar Tan was a medical student at the time of the consultation before he asked Vinegar Tan to do the test.

When I heard that Vinegar Tan's symptoms of anosmia began in early 2012, I didn't continue to talk to Vinegar Tan about the results of olfactory nerves and brain imaging reports.

Instead, he talked about his previous job.

The professor didn't elaborate, and Vinegar Tan didn't ask, anyway, what was written on the results of the report, Vinegar Tan was clear.

A perfect, flawless report, a difficult problem with no cause.

Professor Arbor said that in 2012, instead of working as a doctor in the UK, she was doing research in the US.

He is engaged in a research project led by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) on the topic of ciliopathies, which are relatively new in the medical field.

Ciliary disease is not a very common disease, but once you get it, the consequences can be more serious.

It can cause impaired expression in many organs of the body.

Ciliary disease is a genetic disorder caused by more common ciliary diseases, such as polycystic kidney disease and retinitis pigmentosa.

Retinitis pigmentosa is a condition that causes a loss of sensory function in the human body.

This disease is an inherited degenerative eye disease that causes severe visual impairment and blindness.

The word Ciliopathies, not a person who studies medicine, rarely has the opportunity to come into contact with it, You Meng didn't understand what the professor and vinegar Tan were talking about, and when he heard the language that would cause blindness, his whole heart was raised.

Arbor said that research into congenital kidney disease and visual impairment caused by ciliary problems has been carried out for some time, but there has been no medical treatment that can cure ciliary diseases.

Professor Arbor asked if he had ever understood the olfactory expression of ciliary loss.

Vinegar Tan has never taken the initiative to pay attention to the direction of medical development related to the sense of smell, and in 2012, Vinegar Tan was still a junior high school student, so it was even more impossible.

When Vinegar Tan's sense of smell just had problems, there were still many people, including doctors, who did not know that they had congenital anosmia problems.

At that time, treatment for anosmia was also limited.

Professor Arbor said that his previous research project in the United States was also aimed at achieving a breakthrough in the visual impairment caused by ciliary problems, but it failed because no valid experimental data was obtained.

However, it has unexpectedly solved the hereditary and congenital anosmia caused by ciliary problems, and has made breakthroughs in the field of anosmia treatment.

In September 2012, Professor Arbor, led by Jeffrey R. Martens of the University of Michigan, published a paper in Nature Medicine, a leading journal in the field of medicine, on gene therapy for ciliary diseases based on animal experiments.

Because Vinegar Tan studied medicine, Professor Arbor suggested that Vinegar Tan take a look at the paper she had written at the time while she waited for the final tissue biopsy report.

Cilia are a part of animal cells, and in appearance, they are antenna-like protrusions on the cell.

It plays a decisive role in the perception ability of animal cells.

Almost every cell in the body has the potential to grow one or more cilia, which play a decisive role in the function of sensing their surroundings.

In the process of the development of each sensory system, whether the cilia grow or not, and how much they grow, are controlled by genes.

From the perspective of the formation and development of the olfactory system, the polycilia in olfactory neurons and the sensory cells of the olfactory epithelium are all places where cilia are concentrated.

Professor Arbor reported in a study six years ago that the research team had located receptors on cilia that bind to odor molecules, thus finding a new cause of anosmia - cilia loss.

Ciliary diseases are usually disorders of cell expression caused by inherited gene mutations.

More specifically, it is the gene mutation that decreases the expression of IFT88 protein, which leads to the decline or even loss of the function of different organ systems, including the function of ciliated odor molecular receptors in the olfactory system.

Vinegar Tan's sense of smell is not congenitally absent.

After combining the test report of Vinegar Tan and the process of anosmia, Professor Arbor concluded that the loss of smell may be caused by a prolonged ultra-high fever, which leads to excessive loss of IFT88 protein that carries olfactory ciliary cells and aplastic disorders.

Although the cause of the genetic olfactory problem is different from that of congenital practice, the result is the same.

It is the loss of IFT88 protein, which leads to ciliary dysfunction of the olfactory system.

Before 2012, such a question had not been discovered or discussed.

After the study in which Ann Arbor participated was published in the journal Nature Medicine, it gave a new direction in the field of anosmia treatment, and explained some of the conditions in which the cause of anosmia could not be found.

In the field of medicine, such groundbreaking research is uncommon, but it is not something that has never been done before.

If, before the insulin resistance disease, which is now considered a very common condition, it was not possible for the medical community to find the cause of some diabetes and infertility for a long time.

The treatment for the paper that Professor Arbor asked Tan to read was to introduce a healthy copy of IFT88 into anosmia through an adenovirus.

In the manner of adenovirus replication, the IFT88 protein level is slowly restored to the normal state.

This allows the previously closed dendritic bodies (Dendrite Knob) to regenerate and expand to obtain the function of cilia.

When cilia are expressed, they restore the function of olfactory neurons and complete the olfactory system that is responsible for monitoring odor molecules.

IFT88 is a very common mutated gene.

Vinegar Tan's own field of dentistry also has research on this aspect.

Mutations in the IFT88 gene, which occur in the eyes and cause blindness, occur in the nasal cavity, cause loss of smell.

In the field of dentistry, it is the expression disorders and disorders of the teeth and facial organs.

Adenovirus replicates a healthy copy of the gene IFT88 and is a gene-editing technology.

The history of gene editing technology can be traced back to at least 30 years ago, and it is not a "new technology".

However, before 2012, the means of gene editing were relatively limited, and it was not until the emergence of CRISPR gene editing technology that the sci-fi recombinant DNA technology had a revolutionary development at the end of the 70s of the last century, and was increasingly used in the research and development of new human drugs.