The right hand of the guqin also has a difference between fingers and nails and fingers. The strings of the right hand are carried out by the big, index, middle, and name fingers.

Generally speaking, the big and middle fingers are stronger, and the index and name fingers are weaker (the little finger is the forbidden finger in the guqin, and only the other four fingers are played). The strings of these four fingers are divided into two types: finger nail bullet and finger face meat bullet. The former has a lighter, thinner and brighter timbre, while the latter has a heavier, thicker and solid timbre.

Peng Zhiqing, a famous pianist in modern times, has a detailed analysis of this, he said: "Separate with nails, light and clear, pick and pick; Light and turbid, smearing is also. Heavy and clear, culling is also; Heavy and turbid, hooking is also. If you want to light the outer strings, you should use picking, and if you want to be heavy, you should use ticking; If you want to be light, you will use a wipe to pick it, and if you want to be heavy, you will use a split; If you want to be light, you will use a wipe to pick it, and if you want to be heavy, you will use a hook. Wipe the picky tick to get the right sound, pick the split to get the sound, each from its bottom finger also. ”

The guqin is played with the left hand pressing the strings and the right hand playing the strings. The difference in timbre can be caused by the difference between the fingers of the left hand and the part of the fingers.

In addition to the occasional middle finger and index finger, the most commonly used strings for the left hand are the name finger and big finger; There are also two kinds of parts where the string is pressed: the meat press and the nail flesh half press. Generally speaking, the first finger is warm and steady, while the big finger is crisp and bright; The meat is warm and steady, and the flesh is crisp and bright.

The pitch of the open strings is not fixed and depends on the piece being played. In the normal key, the lowest open string is the C note of the large character group, and the fixed strings are arranged in the pentatonic scale from the first string to the seventh string, which are C, D, E, G, A, C, and D.

The guqin has a wide range, from C-D3, with a total of four octaves and one major second. Guqin is also commonly used in tight five strings, slow three strings, tight five slow and other tunes.

The expressiveness of the guqin is particularly rich and mellow, and the use of different playing techniques can give full play to the characteristics of many artistic expressions. The overtones are transparent and colorful, and vary depending on the sound area.

The treble is light and crisp, like a bell in the wind; The midrange is bright and sonorous, like striking a jade chime. The sound is solid, also called "real tone", and the timbre of each sound area is also different, the bass area is thick and powerful, the middle range is grand and wide, and the high range is crisp and slender. The various portamentos in the press note are soft as a song, and also have a deep and detailed expressiveness.

The range of the Chinese guqin is four octaves and two notes. There are seven loose sounds, ninety-one overtones, and one hundred and forty-seven sounds. The sound of the guqin is very unique, and ordinary people can feel the quiet and distant of the guqin when they listen to the music. "Quiet" can be said to be the biggest feature of the qin sound, and the qin sound is also known as the "ancient sound" and "the sound of heaven and earth". The "quiet" here also has two meanings, one is that the piano needs a quiet environment, and the other is that the fuqin needs a quiet state of mind.

The three tones of the guqin, scattered, overtones, and pressed tones, are all very quiet. The loose sound is loose and distant, which makes people think of ancient times; Its overtones are like heavenly sounds, with a sense of coldness and immortality; The sound is very rich, the lingering rhyme under the fingers is subtle and long, sometimes like human language, can be dialogued, sometimes like the mood of people's hearts, ethereal and changeable.

The overtone is like the sky, the sound is like a person, and the sound is the same as the earth, which is called the three sounds of heaven, earth and man. Therefore, the guqin can be used to express the thoughts of human feelings, and it can also reach the principles of heaven, earth and the universe.

In the interlacing of the three tones of guqin music, the changelessness and the leisurely flow, the mountains and flowing water, the pine wind, the water and clouds, the insects and birds, the complex thoughts of human feelings and the principles of religion and philosophy can be expressed as much as possible.

In the "History of the Qin" of the Song Dynasty, it is said: "The work of the sages in the past is also the qin, and the sound of all things in heaven and earth is in it." In the Jin Dynasty, Ji Kang wrote "Qin Fu" and said: "Among all the instruments, the qin virtue is the best." That is to say, among all kinds of musical instruments, the guqin is the best, has the most excellent character, and is the most suitable for a gentleman as a tool for cultivation. The loose and distant sound of the piano can make people calm down, feel the peaceful and calm atmosphere, and experience the peace and joy in the heart; The cleanliness and subtlety of piano music can make people feel their hearts, vent their feelings, dispel uneven spirits, and sublimate their spiritual conceptions.

In the final analysis, it is to use the "peace of virtue" ("Qin Fu") in the lyre to cultivate the gentleman's "neutral" character and achieve the purpose of "music education". In particular, the Taoist ideas of "Da Yin Xi Sheng" (Lao Tzu) and "Zhi Le Wu Le" (Zhuangzi) can be best reflected in the lyre. The low and ethereal sound of the piano allows people to enter the artistic conception of "silent music" beyond the sound by stroking the piano and listening to the piano, and experience the realm of "hope" and "extreme quietness"; Zhuangzi called this kind of state of silence and all things in heaven and earth "heavenly happiness", and "pushing through heaven and earth and all things with silence and tranquility is called heavenly happiness" (Zhuangzi Heavenly Dao) is a kind of spiritual realm in which heaven and man are in harmony, speechless and happy, and beyond the sound experience.

Therefore, the musician is so turbulent and bloodline, and the spirit is also upright; The sound of the Forbidden City moves the spleen and is the saint, the Shang sound moves the lungs and is righteous, the horn sound moves the liver and is benevolent, the sign sound moves the heart and the righteousness, and the feather sound moves the kidney and the righteous wisdom. This is said to be the five tones in the ear, and moved by the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys, and get the righteousness of benevolence, righteousness, etiquette, wisdom and faith, and get its righteousness.

More than 2,000 years ago, Confucius attached great importance to the role of "music education", and even believed that people's learning should be "flourished in poetry, established in etiquette, and achieved in music", and regarded music as the highest state of personality cultivation. In fact, since ancient times, Chinese civilization has not been isolated from the world.

However, our perception of the guqin should not only stop at the musical instrument and the joys, sorrows and sorrows expressed, the sound structure and cultural connotation of the guqin, and even the humanistic significance of "returning to nature" that it represents, are more worthy of attention, Wang Peng said, "I think the guqin should be a comprehensive expression of the spirit of heaven and earth and humanistic feelings." ”

Let's not mention that the guqin has a lot to do with Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in China: Confucianism "the qin is forbidden", and the qin is used to cultivate one's self and shape one's character; Taoist "The piano is the heart", the rhythm of the heart is related to the music, "the heart is the same, then the nature is the same"; Buddhism "playing the piano is like participating in Zen", the Buddha listened to the sound of the tide and had an epiphany, and the way of sound can be connected with Zen.

The effective string length of the silk strings of the guqin and the tension that the strings can withstand is 432 Hz, which is the most harmonious frequency with the universe, and the five tones of the guqin are also alluded to the five elements. From this aspect, "From the small to the big, these voices turbulent your blood, circulate your spirit, and change your thoughts, so that philosophical thinking is produced, that is, the 'benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and faith' of our Chinese nation."

As Sima Qian said in the "Historical Records": "Therefore, the musician is so turbulent and bloody, and he is also in harmony with his heart; The sound of the Forbidden City moves the spleen and is the saint, the Shang sound moves the lungs and is righteous, the horn sound moves the liver and is benevolent, the sign sound moves the heart and the righteousness, and the feather sound moves the kidney and the righteous wisdom. This is said to be the five tones in the ear, and moved by the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys, and get the righteousness of benevolence, righteousness, etiquette, wisdom and faith, and get its righteousness. ”

It is said that the five tones "Jiaozheng Gong Shang Yu" correspond to the "wood, fire, earth, gold, water" in the five elements, and correspond to our body's "liver, heart, spleen, lungs, and kidneys". The so-called positive sound with righteous heart, in Wang Peng's view, this is also the role of the guqin.

The more reasonable time to make a piano is about two years, and to some extent, it is also a kind of practice. According to Wang Peng, a good piano makes people awe-inspired, the shape is round and square, and the sound is full of nine virtues, "strange, ancient, transparent, moist, quiet, even, round, clear, and fragrant".

He has made many musical instruments, including guzheng, pipa, erhu, zhongruan, yangqin, liuqin, etc., but guqin is the favorite, "life attribute, is here for this".

He inherited and screened more than 20 guqin styles, and designed more than 90 new styles, among which "Yidao Qin Sword Style - No Trace" is one of his masterpieces. The sword gall of the piano heart is the source of his creation, with the heart of Confucianism, he painted the sword without a trace, and named it without a trace.

By chance, Wang Peng also spent more than ten years making a hundred different styles of guqin, he said with a smile, "These styles should have been available in ancient times, but the ancients were too busy, I made it again today and completed a job for the ancients." ”

Having been with the piano for decades, Wang Peng just sat down, his hands did not move, the strings were not plucked, and the peaceful and distant and solemn aura spread. "In fact, at the beginning, I learned basic playing skills, and after a long time of practice, it will become a kind of hand memory." And everyone's understanding of the score is different, and the interpretation will be different, so the score is also a process of secondary creation.

In this respect, the guqin can be closely integrated with tai chi, kunqu opera, modern songs, and even other Chinese and Western instruments, such as gonghou, cello and guitar, but in Wang Peng's view, "the direction of entertainment and popularity is not good for guqin."

The guqin is awe-inspiring, and it requires people to feel the sound with their hearts...... The teaching performance of the guqin is to let more people know about it, but in fact, one person is enough for one piano, three or five confidants learn from each other, listen to the piano to distinguish the sound, listen to the sound to distinguish people, it is a very good thing. ”

In addition to good materials, beautiful cuts, and wonderful fingers, the so-called righteous heart is "through the study of culture and art and the guqin, you can master the emotion, grasp the degree, logical thinking, and the expression of aesthetic conception space, and finally form your accurate judgment in consciousness, and then transfer it to the society, and judge people, things, and things."

This judgment is actually what the ancients said about the unity of knowledge and action. "The guqin can exist in today's society precisely because it has such a vivid cultural value.

Wang Peng is not only good at making the qin, but also the skill of repairing the guqin is a must, the Tang Dynasty's "Nine Heavens Ring Pei", the Song Dynasty's "Dragon and Tiger Roar", and Chen Leiji's hand of the Qing Dynasty "Yanghe Qin" have been repaired by his hands, and the Guqin has been repaired before and after countless times.

At the same time, Wang Peng can make 100 guqins, each with a different style, so that 100 qins and 100 styles can be achieved. This idea originated from some of the ancient famous qins that are still preserved today, as well as other famous qins that only appear in the records, and if these famous qins are copied, the insufficient number of them can be innovated by themselves, which will also play a huge role in the preservation and inheritance of the guqin.

The materials used to make the qin, such as huanghuali, rosewood and other precious woods, Wang Peng even specially customized pure gold gold emblems for this batch of guqins. However, there are only more than 50 styles of guqin inherited in Chinese history, and it is really difficult to achieve a hundred qin and a hundred styles.

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