The phenomenon of tempering, oxidation and turning red and gray of green bricks can also be observed from ancient buildings. An ancient building built of blue bricks, after hundreds of years of wind and rain, alternating between cold and summer, there is no longer the simplicity of green bricks, showing the vicissitudes of gray bricks.

Under natural conditions, the transformation of green bricks into gray bricks is also a process of oxidation, but this process is too long due to temperature factors, and people do not pay attention to it.

The reason why green bricks are more resistant to weathering than red bricks is that the green bricks are gradually oxidized in the air, and then start the weathering period, while the red bricks are directly weathered, because the green bricks have a reduction-oxidation process, but also let us feel the history of the millennium green bricks.

There is information that the black heart and embossing phenomenon in the process of red brick firing are similar to the restoration of green bricks, and this view is biased. Green bricks are formed by reduction after the completion of oxidation and sintering, while black-hearted and embossed bricks are formed due to anoxic sintering in the sintering process, one is reduced after complete sintering, and the other is the process of incomplete sintering in the sintering process.

However, the product quality can not be compared, because the black heart and embossed brick are serious defects in product quality and are unqualified products, because he is not resistant to freezing and thawing, and is easy to weather, while the green bricks are better due to the strength formed in the oxidation atmosphere and the unique properties formed in the reducing atmosphere, and the weathering resistance.

Now most people live in buildings, when moving into the building, it is basically a semi-finished product, all we need is to decorate, many people don't know what the materials are needed when building a house.

Have you ever noticed what materials most of the houses are made of? Now the houses built in the city may be cement concrete steel bars, and some friends who have been to the countryside will find that some old houses in the countryside are mostly red bricks.

So do you know what bricks some houses were built with in ancient times? It uses green bricks, and most of the ancient buildings use green bricks, and it is precisely because of the use of green bricks in these ancient buildings that they can be preserved to the present.

We may often hear a word, that is, Qin bricks and Han tiles, and the "Qin bricks" in Qin bricks and Han tiles refer to green bricks, because at that time, the emperors admired black, not the yellow we know now, and cyan was considered a kind of black in ancient times.

For example, it is often called a woman's hair as green silk. Because of the emperor's admiration for black, blue brick became the main material used in construction. We all know that a house made of red bricks can be warm in winter and cool in summer.

It is a very good building material, but it is not as strong and durable as the green bricks, but the current situation is that the state is no longer allowed to fire the green bricks.

The red bricks are made of clay, and the green bricks are used in the soil used in the cultivated land, and this is one of the reasons why the state mainly prohibits the burning of green bricks, after all, the cultivated land area of our country has been greatly reduced, and if the cultivated land is used to burn the green bricks, it is bound to have a great impact on the cultivated land.

In addition to the difference in raw materials, there are also slight differences in the production process of the two kinds of bricks, compared with the production of red bricks, the production process of green bricks has one more step of cooling with cold water. And this step is also the main reason why the green bricks can be used for a long time.

The reason why the green bricks appear cyan is also because the bricks are just burned because of the high temperature, and when the cold water is poured on them, they are cooled sharply, and the iron is not completely oxidized to turn cyan, compared with the characteristics of red bricks that are easy to weather, green bricks appear more durable.

Therefore, after using red bricks to build houses, most of them have to put a layer of tiles on the outside of the wall to make the weathering speed of red bricks slower, so that the house can live longer.

We all know that two items of the same volume, when its density is greater, its strength will become greater, and the density of green bricks is just greater than that of red bricks, so she can be more durable and durable, in terms of frost resistance, oxidation and wear resistance, etc., its strengths are incomparable to red bricks.

Green bricks are mainly formed because of the low combustion temperature. In the past, the mud for making bricks needed to be washed, filtered, and clarified. In this way, there are few impurities in the bricks, and the bricks made are very strong. Now the bricks are made directly from the soil. It is then fired at high temperatures.

Green bricks and red bricks are the same with soil, in the past, when the bricks were burned to a certain temperature and watered in the brick kiln, the bricks became green, and if they were not watered, they were red, and there was a certain technology in them.

The ancient building brick making technique is a traditional handicraft skill. The process of making green bricks is all manually operated, high-quality clay is selected, cooled, stirred, and overweight and flexible.

In this way, "three dogs and two summers", and then screened, with neutral water and mud, mud training, beating, made into a blank shape and placed in a cool place to dry, and finally fired at high temperature in the cellar for a month. The craft has been included in the list of intangible cultural heritage protection in Hebei.

The four villages are located in the west of Renqiu and belong to the town of Izuki. Renqiu City out of the shore town of the ancient building brick factory, the factory is the production of antique blue bricks professional manufacturers, products for the Beijing Palace Museum, Tiantan Park ancient buildings repair use.

As one of the most important building materials for ancient buildings, green bricks have a long history of firing in China.

The Ming Dynasty scientist Song Yingxing's "Heavenly Creations" recorded in [Tao Yin]: "Where the method of turning rust, the top of the kiln is made like a flat field, the surrounding is slightly stringed, water is poured on it, bricks and tiles are hundred, forty stones are used with water, water and fire are both good, and its quality is thousands of years." ”

Renqiu ancient brick factory inherited the brick-making process of its predecessors, and all processes were manually operated. Select high-quality clay, cool drying, stirring, to violence, increase flexibility, so "three dogs and two summers", and then screened; Use neutral water and mud, practice mud, beat the mud, put the thick mud in the frame, flatten its surface with the iron wire bow to form a blank type, store it in the shade shed, and turn it day by day.

After 7 days of shade, flatten and compact the billet surface with a wooden board, move it to the flower stand between the pavilions and stack it, and dry it naturally; Then the kiln is loaded, dried, roasted in the kiln by different firepower for about a month, and then the water is smeared, and then out of the kiln.

More than a dozen processes before and after, 2-3 years, after the kiln has to go through strict selection. "Or three or five and choose one, or dozens and choose one, must be on the back of the four sides, the color is blue, there is no dry lines and falling corners, and the sound of knocking is clear and clear, it is qualified."

In order to maintain the original characteristics of the ancient building bricks, the ancient brick factory in the town of Renqiu City is operated manually, and the high-quality clay is selected, and then the neutral water quality and mud are screened and dried for more than 2-3 years, and the mud and dilute are made by physical methods, and then placed in a cool place to dry.

It is fired at a high temperature in a kiln for about a month. The process before and after takes about two and a half years. The color of the finished brick is blue and blue, which not only better reflects the characteristics of ancient building materials, but also has the properties of alkali resistance and high pressure resistance.

Ancient buildings are an integral part of China's long historical and cultural heritage, and are the crystallization of the industrious wisdom of working people. Architecture is a solidified history, solidified humanistic connotation and cultural accumulation.

The glorious and majestic ancient buildings are a brilliant chapter in the history of the splendid civilization of the Chinese nation, and the protection and repair of these civilization sites is to inherit and carry forward the culture of the motherland, and to be responsible for the ancestors and future generations.

At present, ancient buildings such as the Forbidden City and the Temple of Heaven Park have very strict requirements for the quality of materials, and they cannot cut corners at all; The ancient brick process is cumbersome, and it is extremely difficult for ordinary people to master; In addition, the product production cycle is long, the benefits are slow, and the soil quality requirements are high, it is difficult to find alternative soil sources, and the local availability is very small. So, we're basically in a state of maintaining production at the moment. It needs to be promoted and protected.

The production of green bricks selects high-quality clay, cools, stirs, goes to the violence, and increases the flexibility, so that "three dogs and two summers", and then screened, with neutral water and mud, mud training, beating, made of blank and placed in a cool place to dry, and finally fired at high temperature in the cellar for a month.

As one of the most important building materials for ancient buildings, green bricks have a long history of firing in China. There is such a record in the "Heavenly Creation" compiled by Song Yingxing, a scientist in the Ming Dynasty: "Where the method of turning rust, the top of the kiln is made like a flat field, the surrounding is slightly stringed, the water is poured on it, the bricks and tiles are hundred, and the water is forty stones, and the water and fire are both good, and its quality is thousands of years." ”

There is such a record in the "Heavenly Creation" compiled by Song Yingxing, a scientist in the Ming Dynasty: where the method of turning rust, the top of the kiln is like a flat field, the surrounding is slightly stringed, the water is poured on it, the bricks and tiles are hundred, and the water is forty stones, and the water and fire are both good, and its quality is thousands of years. All processes are operated manually.

Select high-quality clay, cool drying, stirring, to violence, increase flexibility, so that three dogs and two summers, and then screened; Use neutral water and mud, practice mud, beat, put thick mud in the frame, flatten its surface with the iron wire bow to form a billet type, store it in the shade shed, turn it day by day, and after 7 days of yin, flatten and compact the billet surface with a wooden board, move it to the flower stand between the pavilions and stack it, and dry it naturally; Then the kiln is loaded, dried, roasted in the kiln by different firepower for about a month, and then the water is smeared, and then out of the kiln.

More than a dozen processes before and after, 2-3 years, after the kiln has to go through strict selection. "Or three or five and choose one, or dozens and choose one, must face the back on all sides, the color is blue, there is no dry lines and falling corners, and the sound of knocking is clear and clear, it is qualified. The color of the finished brick is blue and blue, which not only better reflects the characteristics of ancient building materials, but also has the properties of alkali resistance and high pressure resistance.

There are many varieties of ancient building brick related products, including Dacheng bricks, Ercheng bricks, square bricks of various sizes, large pavilion mud, small pavilion mud, ground climbing bricks, square bricks, strip bricks, special-shaped square bricks, etc.; The green tile series includes Bogu, Ridge Tile, Hook Head, etc.

Ancient buildings are an integral part of China's long historical and cultural heritage, and are the crystallization of the industrious wisdom of working people. Architecture is a solidified history, solidified humanistic connotation and cultural accumulation.

The glorious and majestic ancient buildings are a brilliant chapter in the history of the splendid civilization of the Chinese nation, and the protection and repair of these civilization sites is to inherit and carry forward the culture of the motherland, and to be responsible for the ancestors and future generations.

At present, ancient buildings such as the Forbidden City and the Temple of Heaven Park have very strict requirements for the quality of materials, and they cannot cut corners at all; The ancient brick process is cumbersome, and it is extremely difficult for ordinary people to master; In addition, the product production cycle is long, the benefits are slow, and the soil quality requirements are high, it is difficult to find alternative soil sources, and the local availability is very small. Therefore, we are basically in a state of maintaining production at present, and we need to promote and protect.

At the end of the 60s of the last century, every time I walked about eight or nine miles, in the emptiness, I saw a cloud of "desert lonely smoke" rising in front of me. Experience tells me that this is close to a green brick kiln (hereinafter referred to as the green kiln), which is equivalent to almost arriving at a new land, and the green kiln is a landmark of the township or village. At that time, the most active scene in the countryside was the green smoke from the kiln chimney, which was much more spectacular than the smoke from the village house.

The kiln is not big, on the side of the road, covers an area of about 1 acre, the shape is like a small hill bag four or five meters high, a thick chimney is erected, the kiln is made of bricks and stones, and a cluster of weeds grows in the cracks. Kiln yard piles of brick urns for sale.

I've seen a kiln. The fuel is pine hair (pine branches) and chunks of wood (locally called firewood), the former is used to start the fire or support the combustion, and the latter is the main fuel. The raw bricks and tiles that have been dried by the sun are put into the kiln and stacked at different angles in the kiln to leave a good fire path.

The fire began to be lit, and for about 10 days and nights, there was a crackling sound of firewood being torn apart by the tongue of fire. From time to time, the kiln keeper goes to the top of the kiln to add water, and the raw bricks absorb the essence of fire and the yin of water.

Extinguish the fire, seal the kiln for four or five days, and wait for the furnace temperature to slowly cool down until it is "stuffy", and the bricks and tiles that come out of the kiln are cyan. Knock with your knuckles, and the sound is "dangdang". The bricks and tiles are erected, leaving the kiln temperature.

In the 70s, the kiln factory that produced red bricks sprung up, covering an area of dozens or even hundreds of acres at every turn, and the red bricks were transported by motor ships, and the canals were shuttled with brick ships and coal ships. This was a period when blue bricks and red bricks coexisted, and soon the latecomers took over.

Nowadays, there is no handmade green brick kiln in Jiangxi, and this is the last one. The green kiln has been demolished, the old red kiln has been scrapped, and another red kiln has been built, which is also a similar structure, including a large chimney with a height of 70 or 80 meters; In the past, the production of bricks was manually demolded from the wooden frame, and now the brick making machine is used to produce the bricks; The trolley transporting bricks was switched to electric one; In the past, there were one or two hundred young and strong male workers, who often worked shirtless, but now there are only a few dozen.

The process of brick making is mud selection, mud making, molding, drying, and firing. This is also the only one in Jiangxi that is all handmade, and there are few that can not be found in the country.

The ancient building brick making technique is a traditional handicraft skill. The process of making green bricks is all manually operated, high-quality clay is selected, cooled, stirred, to overpower, and flexible, so that "three dogs and two summers", and then screened, with neutral water and mud, mud training, pulping, made into a blank and placed in a cool place to dry, and finally fired at high temperature in the cellar for a month. The craft has been included in the list of intangible cultural heritage protection in Hebei.

There are many varieties of ancient building brick related products, including Dacheng bricks, Ercheng bricks, square bricks of various sizes, large pavilion mud, small pavilion mud, ground climbing bricks, square bricks, strip bricks, special-shaped square bricks, etc.; The green tile series includes Bogu, Ridge Tile, Hook Head, etc.

Ancient buildings are an integral part of China's long historical and cultural heritage, and are the crystallization of the industrious wisdom of working people. Architecture is a solidified history, solidified humanistic connotation and cultural accumulation.