There are many difficult things in the world, but many of them have been done by human beings through hard work: for example, the construction of the Great Wall (with the help of the walls of the other six countries of the previous dynasty) was completed in less than ten years.

For example, the moon landing, the founding of the United States in 1776, and the successful moon landing in 1969, only took 193 years; From 1742, Goldbach put forward the Goldbach conjecture, and in 1966, Chen Jingrun proved the establishment of 1+2, and it took only 224 years.

There is a worldwide problem in the Chinese porcelain industry, that is, it imitates Ru porcelain, which can be made in the Tang Dynasty, but the flourishing stage of development is between 1082 and 1135 under the reign of Huizong of the Song Dynasty.

In the summer of this year, Song Huizong Gao Tang slept in spring, the rain outside was blue, Song Huizong came out of the high hall, he looked at the blue sky like washing outside, and couldn't help but feel relaxed, so he passed down a holy decree to the craftsmen who burned porcelain in Ru kiln: "After the rain, the sky is clear and the clouds are clear, and this color will be the future." ”

Azure Ru porcelain is really difficult to make, but to make porcelain for the emperor, no matter how difficult it is, you have to do it. "It is difficult to make (Ru kiln) azure glaze, and it is difficult to go to the blue sky" After the hard work of the craftsmen, the Ru kiln azure porcelain is still made.

When Jingkang was in trouble, the Jin soldiers invaded on a large scale, and the craftsmen of the Ru kiln, who had not been extinguished in the kiln, walked and fled, and all those who did not go and did not escape became the ghosts of the Jin soldiers.

When the exquisite Ru porcelain of the Ru kiln is broken one by one, and these exquisite Ru porcelain basically disappear, the emperors of later generations know that it is very necessary to reproduce the azure Ru kiln.

Whether it was the emperors of the Yuan Dynasty or the emperors of the Ming Dynasty, they were unwilling, so they gave a strict decree to the porcelain workers, and they must restore the Ru kiln that had rained through the azure sky.

So, the government of the Yuan and Ming dynasties, they all rebuilt a bigger and more kiln in Ruzhou, and then began to recruit those skilled porcelain workers, but as soon as these porcelain workers worked, the officials who presided over the official kiln to re-fire Ru porcelain were all dumbfounded, and these craftsmen were all gone, and the technology of firing azure porcelain accumulated from the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty has been broken because of the war.

When it came to the Qing Dynasty, Qianlong Ye did not believe in evil, he passed down the holy decree, he must be in Ruzhou kiln to burn porcelain, reproduce the legendary "blue as the sky, the face as jade, the cicada wing pattern, the morning star is scarce, and the sesame nail glaze is satisfied" of the peerless Ru porcelain.

However, after some efforts, the final fired Ru kiln is either not the right color, or the shape is not neat, anyway, no matter how you look at it, it is a crooked goods. From 1938 to 1941, Li Shaochu, a big capitalist of the Republic of China, made up his mind that he began to imitate Ru porcelain in Yanhedian, Ruzhou, but the result was also a failure.

With the sound of spring thunder, the whole country was liberated and released, and the people and the people became the masters, but after the establishment of the new, Chinese and national countries, count the real Ru porcelain that is currently displayed in the world, as well as the major museums in China and China, a total of sixty-seven and a half pieces.

In the past, Ru porcelain, all are emperors and generals, has been the exclusive luxury of the gentry and wealthy, and now in the new society, the people are the masters, and they should reproduce the Ru kiln and produce exquisite Ru porcelain for the people to decorate their lives and provide for the daily needs of the public.

Subsequently, under the instructions of the superior leaders and guides, the Ruzhou Municipal Government set up a kiln mouth that imitated Ru kiln, and the personnel involved in tackling the key problems were all descendants of craftsmen who had fired and studied Ru porcelain in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.

However, these craftsmen, coupled with porcelain engineers, and the latest testing equipment, the Ru porcelain they produce is still very different from the Ru porcelain handed down from the Song Dynasty, why is it that for more than 1,000 years, Ru porcelain can not reproduce the original color and brilliance?

The firing of Ru porcelain is complex, with a total of about 72 processes, such as soil washing, glaze formula, sagger selection, kiln temperature, etc., which is a little worse, and it is impossible to reproduce the azure color of Ru porcelain.

The glaze recipe has been lost. Not only has the glaze formula of Ru porcelain been lost, but researchers have also tested the components of agate (I am afraid there are other mineral components that have not been tested) in the broken Ru porcelain pieces.

Ruzhou local in the Song Dynasty, there was an agate mine, it is estimated that the agate resources added to Ru porcelain at that time have been exhausted, there is no agate in the original recipe, want to burn azure porcelain, it is estimated that it is difficult to climb to the sky.

After the continuous efforts of modern porcelain burners, celadon has been fired. Although the color of this celadon is not as transparent, smart and authentic as the celadon of the Song Dynasty, although it cannot be said that the imitation is successful, it can also be said that there is a small similarity.

Our archaeologists found the real Ru kiln site belonging to the Song Dynasty in the Qingliang Temple of Baofeng in Ruzhou, and an expert also unearthed seven pieces of Ru porcelain buried in the soil pit by the kiln workers of that year next to the ancient kiln site.

Six of these seven pieces of Ru porcelain are azure porcelain, and one is a sky blue glaze engraved gooseneck vase, which is popular in the Ru porcelain world: "Azure is precious, pink and blue are still up, and sky blue is precious"

That is to say: after the analysis of modern technology, coupled with the efforts of the potters, modern people are only a small part of the successful imitation of azure porcelain, and the "mutation" azure porcelain in the celadon porcelain, how to make, but not even a door!

Ru porcelain, a special product of Ruzhou City, Henan Province, is a product of China's National Geographical Indication. Ru porcelain, first burned in the middle of the Tang Dynasty, famous in the Northern Song Dynasty, ranked first in the Song Dynasty "five famous porcelain", because it was produced in Ruzhou City and got its name, formed a "hundred miles of landscape on both sides of the Ru River, everywhere the fire in the sky" of prosperity.

In addition, the aesthetics of Ruzhou porcelain also include fragrant gray tires, only the local porcelain clay and lost recipes in Ruzhou, with the corresponding firing temperature, have this effect.

Ru porcelain ranks in the Song Dynasty "Ru, Guan, Ge, Ding, Jun" five famous kilns of the first place, because of the production in Ruzhou and get the name, in the history of Chinese ceramics known as "Ru kiln for the leader".

Ruyao, in the past two years, has been like a tsunami in the tea market, sweeping all over the world, and everyone is fortunate. It can be said that Ruyao is the most successful marketing of Taiwan's cultural and creative concept in Chinese mainland, and it has also led the tea ware market into a new prosperous period, which I deeply admire, but the truth behind the glamour of the Ruyao market is shocking.

All the Ru kilns on the market now are not porcelain, which is why they dare not call themselves Ru porcelain, but only say that they are Ru kilns.

Porcelain has strict standards in terms of firing temperature, generally above 1,280 degrees, in order to be called porcelain. At present, all the Ru kiln utensils sold on the market have a firing temperature of about 1,200 degrees or even lower, which can only be called high-temperature pottery or stoneware.

In addition to the difference between the physical properties of low temperature and porcelain, the biggest advantage is to save costs. In the firing of porcelain, the higher the temperature, the greater the change, and the lower the yield rate, so the Ru kiln is often fired at low temperatures.

After the rain is over, the sky is blue and cloud**, this color will do the future. In 2012, the "Song Ru Kiln Azure Glazed Sunflower Wash" was sold for 230 million yuan, making Ru porcelain, a legendary national treasure, a household name. However, the Taiwanese cleverly played the concept of Ru kiln and avoided the core of Ru porcelain.

Yes, the auction is Ru porcelain, a national treasure Ru porcelain, and it has nothing to do with the Ru kiln on the market now.

The azure glaze of Ru porcelain is a composite glaze, it is made of natural mineral glaze containing a variety of elements in Ruzhou, the legendary agate into the glaze, after firing at high temperature, the kiln changes in the reducing atmosphere, and finally the rain comes out of the azure bath, because of the uncontrollable factors of kiln change, the color of the Ru kiln is different, and the cultural relics in the collection of the Forbidden City can be seen.

Ru porcelain has been burned for more than 800 years, and the biggest problem of re-firing is that due to the war, the glazed clay used in the firing of the Northern Song Dynasty cannot be found.

The second is that the firing method is lost, and the mystery of the kiln color change can not be solved, and the ceramic firing takes dozens of hours, when to what temperature, when to heat up and when it is very hot, very particular.

In addition, the aesthetics of Ruzhou porcelain also include fragrant gray tires, only the local porcelain clay and lost recipes in Ruzhou, with the corresponding firing temperature, have this effect.

In addition to the shape, the core elements of porcelain are color, tire and glaze.

Ru kiln is a matte color glaze, and Jingdezhen those red, yellow and blue glaze is essentially no difference, Ru porcelain azure is a composite color, it contains various changes such as shades of light and shade, will be so bright and clear, elegant and profound.

The Ru kiln in the market is just a matte color glaze, a color glaze configured by various artificially added substances such as cobalt blue.

It is the color glaze of Ru kiln and the color glaze of those ten yuan a cup and bowl in the streets and alleys, there is no difference in nature, it is the color glaze of modern artificial configuration, it is deeper and more added, and it is shallow and less, which is completely divorced from the relationship between ceramics and fire, and the difficulty of firing is almost none.

People who have understood the characteristics of Ru porcelain know that the opening piece of Ru porcelain is a crab claw pattern with fish scales, and the first feature is that the lines have changed, and the second is that the texture is particularly thin. In fact, through the comparison with Ruzhou Ru porcelain, we will find that the opening pieces of "Ru kiln" on the market are all very hard lines, which is more like the feeling of opening the official kiln and the brother kiln.

Of course, we can ignore the aesthetic differences about whether the opening film looks good or not, but the opening film is easy to hide dirt and dirt, and it is rarely used for food, which is a common sense since ancient times.

At present, whether it is auctioned or collected Ru porcelain, official kiln, Ge kiln, Jun kiln, since ancient times, most of them are used as incense vessels, furnishings, cultural utensils, such as pen washes, flower plates, incense burners, etc., which also explains why there are very few teacups or wine cups in Ruguan Ge kiln, why Jingdezhen will become a porcelain capital rather than any other kiln, why most of the high-end tableware to hold food is white glaze or underglaze color.

Therefore, the opening can be beautiful, and the discoloration can also be beautiful, but put it in your mouth every day, it's better to be clean.

Ru kiln to inherit the art of its own responsibility, the use of traditional hand-made ceramic methods, the production of a ceramic process up to thirteen, including mud panning, stacking mud, blank, blank, printing, repairing, water, painting, glazing, kiln, porcelain, porcelain defects repair, fine workmanship, beautiful design, Chengyi Ru porcelain to the "glaze layer" leading, the shape of the vessel is simple and elegant, glossy and moderate, due to the thickness of the glaze layer of Ru porcelain, there are often open pieces such as fish scales, cicada wings, after a long time of use, the brown will be attached to the cracks, forming irregular changes and staggered patterns, Therefore, it feels lubricated like grease, like the beauty of jade and not jade.

Ru porcelain was first fired in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Northern Song Dynasty (20 years from 1086 to 1106 AD), because it was specially designed for the court to burn imperial porcelain, also known as "Ruguan porcelain". Ru porcelain production technology is exquisite, the materials are exquisite, the formula is unique, the firing skills are superb, because the iron reduction has achieved the best effect, surpassing all the kilns at that time, it is an epoch-making innovation in the history of the development of Chinese celadon.

In the later period of the Northern Song Dynasty, it was lost due to the war between the Song and Jin dynasties. Since the Yuan Dynasty, it has been difficult to succeed in imitation burning in successive dynasties, so it is precious and has become a rare treasure.

Ru kiln porcelain in the Northern Song Dynasty often engraved the word "Fenghua", and the minister of Gyeonggi Cai Jing once engraved the surname "Cai Zi" as a record of honor. Since the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the court Ru porcelain utensils, the inner library is hidden, regarded as a treasure, and Shang Yi Zhou Ding is more expensive. It is called "even if you have a lot of money, it is not as good as a piece of porcelain".

The Ru kiln fired in the northeast of Ruzhou is a celadon with a slight pattern decoration, and the glaze is extremely moist and green, which is an early product; Fired in the south, there are many printed or engraved decorations, faintly floating under the transparent mugwort glaze, but the production era may be as late as the Southern Song Dynasty; Most of the new kilns unearthed in the urban area are Ru kilns, and most of them are azure Ruguan porcelain. Ru porcelain also produces Tianmu porcelain, white porcelain, flower porcelain and brown glazed porcelain.

The imitation appears sluggish and lacks verve. Especially those who use grouting molding lack charm. The imitation Ru kiln three-legged string bottle is often too thick carcass. The author once asked the imitator why he didn't make the carcass thinner, and replied that the carcass was very easy to deform if it was thin. It seems that there is still a problem with the carcass formula. In addition, there are many types of fabricated utensils, which should be paid attention to.

It is difficult for the enamel of the imitation to be completely consistent with the real product, often with a milky feeling, generally biased towards "Jun glaze", and the glaze color is mostly blue. The glaze is either no opening or no opening.

The nail marks are either too large or too small, and the color of the nail marks is often too white.

As long as you look at the Qianlong imperial inscription poems engraved on the real Ru kiln porcelain, you will find that the font engraved on the imitations of the imperial inscriptions is not up to the level of the Qianlong poems. As for the imitation of gold and silver, it is even more ingenious. I saw a store that was selling very well. The value of Ru kiln tea sets

Ru kiln to inherit the art of its own responsibility, the use of traditional hand-made ceramic methods, the production of a ceramic process up to thirteen, including mud, stacking mud, blank, blank, printing, repairing, water, painting, glazing, kiln, porcelain, porcelain defects repair, fine workmanship, aesthetic design, Chengyi Ru porcelain to the "glaze layer" leading, the type of ancient supplement elegant and appropriate, glossy degree, due to the thickness of the glaze layer of Ru porcelain, often open such as fish scales, cicada wings, after a long time of use of the brown will be attached to the cracks, forming irregular changes and staggered patterns, Therefore, it feels lubricated like grease, like the beauty of jade and not jade.

Ru kiln Tang Xing in the Song Dynasty, with precious agate glaze, "blue as the sky, face like jade, cicada wing pattern, morning star rare, sesame nail glaze" is its typical characteristics. Because the kiln mouth is in the territory of Ruzhou (now Baofeng Qingliang Temple, Henan), it is called Ruyao. It is one of the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty.

Ru kiln is the official kiln of the Northern Song Dynasty, which is a vessel used by the court, and is rarely circulated in the market and among the people. In the Southern Song Dynasty, there was a document: "Ru kiln...... Only for the royal selection and retreat is allowed to be sold, and it is especially difficult to reach it closely."

It shows that his value at that time was extraordinary. Its products, first of all, the best ones are of course for the royal family, and the unqualified ones are allowed to be sold in the market, so most of the products of Ru kiln are used for the imperial court. Mr. Li Kuchan, a famous master of Chinese painting, once said, "It is difficult to call the best in the world's museums without you." ”

Since the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the court Ru porcelain utensils, the inner library is hidden, regarded as a treasure, and Shang Yi Zhou Ding is more expensive. The folk in the Ruzhou area also have the reputation of "even if there is a family property, it is not as good as a piece of Ru porcelain".

The Guanru kiln has been fired for about 20 years, and there are very few heirlooms, so the rare things are expensive. According to the current statistics, Ru kiln ware is distributed in the following places: 17 pieces in the Palace Museum in Beijing, 23 pieces in the Palace Museum in Taipei, 8 pieces in the Shanghai Museum, 7 pieces in the British David Foundation, 1 piece in the Tianjin Museum, half a piece in the Guangdong Museum, 1 piece in the Hong Kong collector Luo Guixiang, 4 pieces in Japan, 5 pieces in the United States, and 1 piece in the private collection of the United Kingdom, a total of 67 and a half pieces. There are also a very small number of hidden in the people. Take a look at the latest chapters of "Dream Claw Book House in the Great Era" and read it for free for the first time.