Henan, the eastern region of the Loess Plateau. This is the granary of China and the main wheat producing area. Every autumn harvest, wheat straw becomes a burden to local farmers. Every summer harvest, the smoke news of Henan people burning wheat straw makes the Internet explode, and all kinds of arguments are endless.

Longzhong, the western edge of the Huangshang Plateau. Wheat is the staple food here. Wheat straw and wheat are considered treasures. Harvest from the wheat field, return to the field for grinding, wheat straw or as feed for donkeys, or as firewood for cooking. But it also has a more human use, it connects the interaction between people in the east and west of the Loess Plateau, and it also connects a product that is common to the east and west, north and south.

On a fine day, in the countless wheat fields in the ravines in the courtyard, the sudden sound of the Chai Shantou tractor shook the sparrows and did not dare to go up the trees.

The stacks of wheat with high stacks were dismantled, the tied sheaves were loosened, and layers were spread like carpets to the threshing floor. The sun sells roasting, scorching people's backs. More exposure will be beneficial to dislocation.

Before the start of grinding, the women rushed to the field, each rushing to "fold the wheat stalks" and break the wheat ears together with the wheat stalks at the first stammering position, and the cortex was peeled, and the wheat stalks were like the legs of a girl stretching out of the skirt bucket, white and tender.

A long time ago, it was still mountain songs wafting in the wheat field. Times have changed, and the donkey farm has become a tractor mill. But one thing has not changed, there are as many women on the threshing floor as there used to be.

Zhang Juan learned to "fold wheat stalks" from a very young age, and every year during the wheat harvest season, Zhang Juan has to help her mother. After leaving her hometown for more than ten years, when she returned to her parents' home, she saw a scene that was still familiar enough.

Under the bright sun, the women in straw hats are faster than the others. In a few moments, a stack of wheat stalks with ears of wheat was piled up on the edge of the threshing floor. It can not be too coarse, not too fine, not too short, and use the principle of "three noes" to select the middle stalks in the wheat field where there are many wheat hairs, which is a fine operation.

The wheat that fills the threshing field is quickly softened under the crushing of the wheat stalks, and the wheat grains are instantly de-rolled and turned into wheat straw, which is either fed to donkeys or cooked on fire.

After grinding, for fear that individual wheat grains will not be clean, farmers usually have to turn over the wheat stalks and ears all over the field. After the second rolling, the bottom of the wheat grain is removed. The wooden fork stirred up the wheat straw, and the wheat grains and wheat clothes sank in the yard.

Grinding is the heavy job, the men are in charge, and the tasks in a day must be completed quickly. In the middle of summer, there are many thunderstorms. Rain protection is key. The women always have to "break the straw" before they can fly. Grab when folding, and grab it when it is folded. Women are busy with the work of folding wheat stalks and removing wheat grains, and it is inevitable that they will delay their work, and they will inevitably roll their eyes and complain from men.

During Zhang Juan's childhood, the task of growing up was to accept her mother's need to dye her salary and become a traditional homewife in Longzhong who was obedient.

Longzhong farmers who regard wheat straw as a treasure, wheat is naturally more important than gold in their hearts.

That year, the new wheat in Lanzhou was ripe. On the way home, my father, who had been mixed in the water for more than 30 years, returned home and came home on a sheepskin raft.

Someone pushed the door in at night with food on his back, and recognized it was the third uncle and the old brother in front of the lamp, and they were speechless all night.

Golden. Yellow, the true color of the Loess Plateau. The breeze was blowing and the wheat fields were rolling in the June sun. The whole loess is rolling.

The grains are returned to the warehouse, and the grains are precious. On the day of the wheat harvesting, Zhang Juan, a girl who had read Hai Yuzi's poems, worked silently, and Juan also wanted to participate. Her father was as quiet as the yellow earth. is the father in Haizi's poems, with few words and few words. The road is rough and long. One by one, the wheat is tied up to form a hug, four pairs of eight bundles, two by two, and two bundles on the stack are combined and upside down to form a "hat". Ten bundles in one stack are easy to count. In this way, the air-drying process is no longer afraid of rain and mildew.

In the middle of summer, the sun was scorching, and in a few days, every bundle of wheat in the stack was completely dry, from the straw to the ear. Choose a clear mouth, and several households will go out together with the old and the young, and pull the wheat stacks scattered in the high mountains and steep mountains back to the yard.

This is the norm in the era of backward productivity, and now most households have replaced the frame cars that rely on human and animal power with mechanical cars. The grandeur of Lamech has been lost, and what used to be a thousand people for a whole day can now be easily done by two people using machinery.

All the wheat that people collect and return to the field needs to be stacked into a larger wheat stack. The size of the wheat used by a farmer in the summer and autumn plum wheat field is the amount of the owner's work in a year. From the new fertile land of West Asia to the new fertile land of the crescent, it expanded to the world, and today, 10,000 years later, wheat is the world's second largest food crop, second only to corn.

From the Fertile Crescent Road to the east, wheat overflows the high slopes of the loess and is firmly cultivated in northern China. Archaeologists bundled carbonized wheat grains with a history of more than 2,800 years at the Jingdao site of Zhou Town, Anxi, Shaanxi, indicating that at least in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty, wheat had begun to be planted on a large scale around the national capital Hojing. This discovery challenges the traditional view that wheat was widely cultivated in northern China in the Han Dynasty.

As one of the earliest grains planted, wheat supported the origin of Chinese civilization on the Huangshang Plateau. The Loess Plateau is dry early. The Loess Plateau in Longzhong is even worse.

The annual precipitation is only about 300mm, but the evaporation is more than 1500mm. In such a natural environment, it is impossible for too many plants to adapt, let alone too many harvests. Wheat became the first of the five grains.

The food made from wheat noodles is fine and delicious. However, Xiaoyou's planting cycle is long, especially winter wheat, which spans two years and grows for nearly a whole year. - years of life cycle, weather in Longzhong, wind, freezing, early 、..... The harm is complicated and the risk is huge. Of all disasters, early disasters are the most common. Sow in autumn, chisel in winter, grow in spring, and ripen in summer. Among the four seasons, early love in any season will kill wheat.

Wheat flour is delicious, but wheat is difficult to grow. The strategy of Longzhong people is to grow miscellaneous grains.

According to different seasons and different growth habits, different crops are planted. It is a good way to avoid the failure of a certain crop caused by the dry early in a certain season, wheat, rejuvenation, corn, millet, case, artichoke, pea, buckwheat, flax, biodiversity, to ensure the food diversity of the people in the courtyard.

Of all these crops, the most tolerant and productive is millet. The grain is highly concentrated. However, the flour is rough, the taste is sharp, and it is easy to be constipated after eating it for a long time. The more you eat too much in the morning, the wheat harvest is out or the harvest is not harvested, the grain is the main force to satisfy hunger, the lack of fresh and fragrant grains, the more people love the soft and mellow wheat of wheat.

For the peasants in the courtyard, the hope of the year is a wheat field. Staggered planting, difficult to rest in all seasons.

From the day he was cut down, he raced against time to shoot Caowei with relatives, friends and neighbors. There are men, there are women, there are men. Three or five people sat around,

A clay kang, or play cards. The women were all busy weaving the grass. The occupants either bragged, smoked early cigarettes, and occasionally laughed out of the window grille, and instantly drowned in the dark curtain. The village of Yawan has a long, sunken night.

This was the end of the 20th century, and a group of women in Longzhong asked her to sit next to her mother, and heard a group of women say that Zhang Juan graduated from junior high school and her studies were terminated. My mother forced herself to make straw too, and for many years she continued to talk about the fact that the parents were short and bored.

But Zhang Juan's fingers were too lazy to die. If you don't study, the only way to the future is to work. But her mother resolutely objected to her going out to give birth to an uncle, she fell in love freely and never returned, which not only lost the bride price but also gained fame. All winter. She was very resistant to it. She no longer likes poetry about wheat, she longs for the distant future.

Weaving straw threads, the locals call them "pinching threads". The image of the word "pinch". Fold three wheat stalks in half, add one friendly stalk, seven wheat stalks form a singular number, squeeze the most marginal wheat stalk with the index finger and thumb of both hands, coil the adjacent wheat stalk and the third wheat stalk staggered and compact, and the seven wheat stalks so repeatedly rotate and squeeze each other to form a centimeter-wide grass thread. Staggered stubble pressurization, a wheat stalk into the weaving sequence, can basically form a 10 cm grass thread.

Before the wheat straw is pinched, it should be soaked in water for about 15 minutes, and then taken out and rolled in a piece of material, moisturizing, and when fingering, pat a stick with the root. When I do not draw it, I fold it with plastic cloth and seal it. Mai Kai lay down in the plastic sheeting to rest, delicate and tender.

When she was a child, she was inspecting wheat in the wheat field, growing up, doing needlework, cooking, feeding pigs.... is the master of Jian Weizi, because this is a Mali child, this judgment has been made up by the adults in the family. In the later farm work in which the women in the courtyard participated, she used her fingers to silver: in the same time period, when others pointed to 10 meters, she could always pinch out 12 meters.

Whether it is busy farming or farming, as long as she has free time, Zhang Ming's mother has to inquire about a hair pole, and she needs the sky while unraveling her fingers. Gossip and grass slowly grow me.

In the hinterland of Longzhong, between the loess ravines on the broad surface, the village is hanging or sinking, and the high and low are connected by the chaotic paths, and you can walk into a village casually, and there are only places where there are women at the head and end of the village.

The grass is the time woven by the women in the courtyard, tortuous, long, and endless. There's always someone pinching the grass.

The plate became a unit in Longzhong. It measures the length of the grass. Usually, if you have pinched enough grass, you have to cut off the thorns that are left over from the stubble. Then simply coil it up for easy pickup. After ten days and a half months or one month or two months, the grass has accumulated too much, and it is necessary to carry out a fine coil.

Take out the I-shaped wooden frame that you have made before, soak the grass in water, plate it vigorously, press one layer at a time, turn it 12 or 15 times, and cut it. Compress the joint. Plate another plate. In order to sell more money, the owner always has to desperately stretch the grass. Some people use too much force, and they will tear the grass threads, and the gains outweigh the losses.

The length of the I-frame is just one meter, 12 turns is 12 meters, and 15 turns is 15 meters. It is very easy to calculate, and it is convenient for both sellers and buyers.

Even though wheat was growing vigorously, farmers in Longzhong in the 1990s were generally short of money to spend. In 196, Zhang Juan was admitted to junior high school, and the distance between her home and school was 10 kilometers, and she had to live in the school.

Zhang Juan is the eldest in the family, when she was in the second year of junior high school, her younger brother also went to junior high school, and the two of them lived in the school. At the end of the 190s, grass rice could only be sold for a few cents, and a plate was only three or four cents. And Zhang Juan and her younger brother basically need one kilogram of kerosene for cooking every week, and they can only get it by pinching ten trays of grass.

My father couldn't go out to work, and the harvest could only solve the problem of food and clothing, and the grass became a reliable way to change kerosene.

For a long time before graduating from junior high school, Zhang Juan had been helping her mother recruit grass.

The straw is very cheap and difficult to pinch, but something is better than nothing. The will to survive cultivated by the people in the hospital in the harsh environment has adapted to infinite endurance and continuous improvement.

After graduating from junior high school in 1998, Zhang Juan and Shi Qin fought for a year. In the winter of 1999, Zhang Juan finally left the countryside of Longzhong and went to work in a big city in the west.

More than ten years later, Zhang Juan has married into the city and become a citizen. Kerosene lamps have long since stopped the village, the village has long since stopped walking on dirt roads, and there is running water in the village. But my mother kept plucking the grass.

returned to her parents' home and pinched the grass again, and Zhang Juan's childhood memories surfaced.

When I was a child, I went to the street with my mother, and every time I sold grass, I always sold it to Liu Yingfan. Liu Yingfan is chubby and gives people a simple feeling. After the transaction was completed, he always watched Liu Yingfan hand over the less than 100 yuan to his mother, and his mother handed over the less than 10 yuan change to herself.

Time flies, and life goes on. Some things have changed, some things have not changed. In middle school, Yingfan is still collecting grass, still in the old place, students no longer use the membrane oil stove to eat micro-rice, they have a food effect set shop, Liu Yingfan is old, Liu Yingfan's appearance of counting money has not changed; The auspicious pair of grass has not changed, and the price of grass has changed, it used to be less than one yuan per plate, and now it is close to two yuan.

135, 246, 346, 34 township market days Liu Yingfan knows everything about it. Almost everyone who pinched Zaiyun knew Liu Yingfan. Grass can be exchanged for money, but where did the grass go? What did you do?

Liu Yingfan didn't know, and the women in Longzhong didn't know.

I have been in the business for 26 years.

Bangluo, an ancient town. It is located at the junction of Tongwei, Longxi and Wushan counties.

At every market entrance, Fan Junyi would appear on the street, and in front of the stall he set up, there was a crowd of people. The women from the surrounding villages handed over the well-groomed grass to Fan Junyi one by one in trays in exchange for dozens of white banknotes.

Since 1990, Fan Junyi has been engaged in the business of straw trafficking.

A plate of hasty profits is two cents. Relying on this small profit, Fan Junyi propped up an industry. It connects the craftsmanship of hundreds of women in the countryside of Longzhong, and also connects the meager hope.

"I can basically collect five to six truckloads of goods a year, a truckload of goods can hold 1,400 cartons, and a bundle is 100 pallets, so that one cart is 140,000 pallets. The working capital is 50~600,000 yuan. In addition to buying on the streets, Fan Junyi also has a general base at the three-way intersection in the back mountain of Bangluo Town: in addition to buying from women who rush to the market, Fan Junyi also buys from dealers like Liu Yingfan.

At the three-way intersection, a two-story small building rose rapidly in the early summer of 2016, which is the accumulation of Fan Junyi's 02-year grass trafficking. In the row of bungalows behind the small building, a hundred trays of grass are stacked to the roof.

"In the last three or four years, the amount has decreased. It was very difficult to walk five or six truckloads of goods. When the business was at its best for more than nine years, it was not processed now, and the labor was too high to be drawn. "Before I was here for the first addition, winding into a greenhouse, you can directly press the ticket white, how much grass can be pinched out in a year, and Fan Junyi trafficked grass ropes, there are three in Yiqiao Luo Town.

I can't calculate, anyway, in Dingxi, Longxi, Tonglan, Qin'an, Wushan, Gangu, Jingningyou County, you can see the peasant women with ring collars.

The grass level pointed out by Zhang Juan's mother came to Fan Junyi's small warehouse through Liu Yinger's hands. After sleeping for many days, they were loaded into trucks and transported to Luyi County, Zhoukou City, Henan Province, along with a total of 140,000 pieces of grass.

On the outskirts of Luyi County, Mayor Zhao Yudong welcomed the "Grass Ribbon Corps" led by Fan Junyi with a smile on his face. The 1400 net did not fall and entered Zhao Yudong's factory.

The white, tender and bright, like the legs of a girl's ancestors. In the long journey of turning into grass and changing books, it has long turned pale yellow.

Boilers, steam, large pools, and grass should be washed away from the dust in the northwest in the Central Plains. Every meter becomes as dazzling as ever.

In Zhao Yudong's straw hat processing factory, the bleached straw is pushed to the machine, and a straw hat comes out of the sewing machine. It was then sent to all parts of the country. Shelter from wind and rain, environmentally friendly and lightweight.

The annual production of straw hats is 500,000 pieces. Seasonal production, processing turns, employing 30 workers. Year after year, Zhao Yudong has been working for 30 years. There are more than 20 straw hat processors like him in Luyi County.

Henan is the main wheat producing area. But wheat straw is almost an unmanageable burden for local farmers. Zhao Yudong, the emperor of grass processing, sought the near and far, and relied on the farmers of Longzhong to turn waste into treasure to provide raw materials. The cost of long-distance transportation and the source of control Zhao are Zhang Juan's desire to wear the wool money when she followed her mother to sell grass. In Xiguan, a county town in Longzhong, there are also 6 straw hat processors, but they are only workshop-style processing in their own small yards.

That's the magic of the market. The shrewd Henan businessman made a profit from the processing of straw hats that turned waste into treasure: and the simple farmers in Longzhong extended the scale of time from the weaving of straw that turned waste into treasure.

In such an industrial chain where wheat straw becomes grass and grass becomes straw hat, the goal of handicraft and industry, the value of handicraft and industry, and the culture of handicraft and industry have completely different answers.

"Grass is mainly processed in the grass phase, 80% of which is processed in straw hats, and 20% is processed in handicrafts." The handicrafts made of grass are absolutely ornamental and artistic, but in the era of money worship, the temptation of "grass mustard" is difficult to conquer people's hearts. Fan Junyi's statement of "A0's straw whip processing handicrafts" is difficult to establish, and there are indeed handicrafts made of branches in various domestic exhibitions, but there are few markets and transactions for them.

It's about wheat. In wheat-producing areas such as Henan and Shaanxi, before the large-scale harvester was not fully promoted, Cui Maike had to take a sickle to harvest. Maike mainly came to Bailongzhong. Regional differences, farmers in the mountainous areas of Longzhong, who are dry early and have little rainfall, are always at a disadvantage. Later, with industrialization and urbanization, wheat production was no longer the "heavy" industry of the country. The construction industry, industry and commerce attracted people, and took off the label of "wheat kezi" of farmers in Longzhong.

The scythe-wielding senders are gone, and the number of people wearing the hats is gone. Farmers are being urbanized, and there are fewer people to pinch the grass. Zhao Yudong's hat processing volume is decreasing year by year. In the 190s, Fan Junyi was able to sell ten truckloads of grass a year, and now his goal is to keep five or six trucks.

Xi'an, a big city in the west.

Zhang Juan is engaged in a sales job every day. With a sheltered working environment and a peaceful daily life, she completely bid farewell to the role of women in the hospital created by her mother. In her daily life, she hadn't seen a straw hat for a long time.

Wheat straw painting is one of China's unique characteristic handicrafts, is a kind of Chinese Henan Province Anyang citizen clip art, although the wheat straw painting comes from the folk, but very rare, but also because of its royal tribute.

It is made of wheat stalks, steamed, boiled, soaked, cut, scraped, milled, pasted, cut, ironed, pasted, combined and other more than a dozen processes to complete, its subject matter mainly involves flowers, birds, insects and fish, landscapes, pavilions and pavilions, character fashion, ancient and modern poetry, etc., wheat straw painting subject matter is wide and rich in content, it is not only suitable for living room, bedroom, hotel, hotel, conference room and other decoration, conference gifts and various souvenirs. Wheat straw painting is known as "a unique piece of Chinese art" and "Chinese handmade art boutique", so it has a very high collection value.

Ancient China originally did not have wheat, and wheat first entered the western part of China from West Asia through Central Asia. The "Biography of Mu Tianzi" in the Warring States Period records that when King Mu of Zhou traveled to the west, wheat was among the food gifts given by tribes in Xinjiang and Qinghai. During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, wheat had entered the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, wheat was already a commonplace crop in the Central Plains, and wheat was produced in Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Hebei, Anhui and other places at that time.

Since the day wheat appeared in ancient China, our ancestors began to use wheat straw as a raw material to create artistic paintings, but due to historical changes and social turmoil, the legendary wheat straw paintings have been difficult to find for a long time, until the excavation of the tomb of King Qin Huai. Although the original wheat straw painting excavated has been corroded for more than 2,000 years, it still has a bright color and lustre, without losing its simple nature, which is breathtaking.

Liu Xiu of the Eastern Han Dynasty was chased and killed by Wang Mang, and he was helpless and hid in the wheat field, and the wheat grass immediately turned into a forest to protect Liu Xiu. Therefore, the local people regard wheat grass as a grass to pray for blessings and welcome auspiciousness, and make wheat straw paintings one by one to worship the imperial court. According to this legend, the artistic level and meaning of wheat straw painting in the Eastern Han Dynasty have had a historical development and sublimation.

Wheat straw painting originated in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and it belongs to the same art as paper-cutting and cloth stickers. It is a collection of the crystallization of the ideas of industrious and intelligent working people. Since the Qin Dynasty, it has been used as a high-end ornament, hanging in the attic of the palace, in the noble house, the Sui and Tang dynasties officially as a court handicraft, among the royal family and nobles to appreciate and treasure, which is also one of the reasons why the legendary wheat straw painting has been difficult to find for a long time.

In the last years of the Song Dynasty, Puyang folk appeared again using Tsubaki gum, peach gum collage of wheat stalk fans, insects, auspiciousness, blessings and other small shapes. As the main food for survival, wheat has always been regarded as a sacred thing by people, and the ancients gave wheat a very high status when they sacrificed to heaven and earth, and it symbolized a good harvest and wealth.

Because of its material source, wheat straw painting not only has a strong folk flavor, but also has an auspicious and noble symbolic meaning. However, in the feudal agrarian society, although wheat straw paintings come from the people, they are also very rare, and because they are royal tribute, they cannot be popular among ordinary people, and can only be appreciated and treasured among the royal family and nobles as a strange art.

The older generation of folk artists painstakingly excavated and studied the ancient craft technology, boldly practiced, and made the cultural treasure of wheat straw painting reappear in the world. In the 80s of the last century, the creation of wheat straw painting began in the Central Plains, with the improvement of people's living standards, healthy consumption and cultural consumption have become the trend of the times, and the pursuit of individuality and taste has become inevitable.

Wheat straw painting uses the natural luster of wheat straw and the characteristics of snatching into silk, after hot coloring, cutting and pasting into handmade artworks, with the advantages of glossy translucent, good plutonium effect, strong artistic appeal, etc., the characters, flowers and birds, animals produced are lifelike, vivid, giving people a simple and natural, noble and elegant beauty.

It has distinctive artistic characteristics and high artistic value. Wheat straw painting has environmental protection, handmade, permanent preservation and other unique product characteristics and artistry is very in line with people's needs concept, Huiduo wheat straw painting, turning waste into treasure, taking from the wheat stalk that can be seen everywhere in the field, through steaming, boiling, soaking, cutting, scraping, grinding, pasting, cutting, ironing, pasting, combination and other more than a dozen processes carefully made.

Ordinary works need a skilled worker for about a week, complex works need more than 25 days to complete, is a typical technology and labor-intensive products, in addition to the inheritance of traditional arts and crafts on the basis of the inheritance of traditional arts and crafts, in terms of artistic processing, in addition to maintaining the natural luster and texture of wheat rods, bold innovation, absorbing the expression of Chinese painting, printmaking, paper-cutting, relief and many other works of art to express the elegant taste of artwork and the unique artistic charm of oriental civilization.

Its scenery is layered, lifelike, has a strong visual impact and artistic effect, it can maintain thousands of years of texture does not age, does not fade, has a high ornamental and collection value, it is the family, office, hotel, restaurant, entertainment venues and other ideal decorative artworks, but also birthday gifts, company opening, wedding celebrations, housewarming and other higher taste gifts, much loved by consumers.

Wheat straw painting is the lost Sui Dynasty court handicraft in China, has a history of 1,000 years, the yellow wheat straw painting, the wooden block New Year painting, the big gong opera and so on are included in the list of intangible cultural heritage, and is now included in the "Henan Province Intangible Cultural Heritage List". Luocao is listed on the national list of intangible cultural heritage.

In the hinterland of the Qinling Mountains in the southeast mountainous area of Shaanxi, there is an open land with beautiful mountains and rivers, called Shimen Town. It has a long history and outstanding people, and the ancestors lived here in the late Paleolithic and early Neolithic periods. This is also the red base where Li Xiannian, Xu Haidong and other revolutionaries of the older generation fought. Cultural landscapes such as "Yuxu Cave", "King Tomb", "Upside-Down Pine" and "Garden Fossil" have attracted tourists at home and abroad.

The climate with four distinct seasons, moderate rainfall and abundant water resources have given birth to large wheat fields. Every year around the Dragon Boat Festival, Shimen Town turns up the golden wheat waves, when a large piece of wheat is harvested, Wang Congfang sits in his own earthen house to copy the picture carving, a rough wheat stalk in her hands into a piece of exquisite paintings are sold at home and abroad, Wang Congfang has also become the intangible cultural heritage inheritor of this folk craft.

However, 55-year-old Wang Congfang, who has been engaged in wheat straw painting for 34 years, suffered from breast cancer and other diseases.

Wheat straw painting is one of the unique characteristic handicrafts of the Han nationality, known as "a unique Chinese art", "Chinese handicraft art boutique", is a kind of folk clip art, it is made of wheat straw, steamed, boiled, soaked, dissected, scraped, milled, pasted, cut, ironed, pasted, combined and other more than a dozen processes to complete the production, absorbed the expression of Chinese painting, printmaking, paper-cutting, relief and many other works of art, its subject matter mainly involves flowers, birds, insects and fish, landscapes, pavilions and pavilions, character fashion, ancient and modern poetry, etc., in ancient times was often used as royal tribute, It has a high collection value.

Wheat straw painting was first circulated in Wang Village, Shimen Town, Luonan County, in Shangluo. A long time ago, Wang Congfang's grandmother, the veteran artist Sun Zhufeng, led the sisters to make wheat straw paintings. Later, Wang Congfang's father, Wang Enshi, created a new skill and passed it on to Wang Congfang. In Wang Congfang's memory, his father, who was born as a teacher and can do carpenter work, can write and paint, and expands the subject matter of wheat straw painting more extensively, with more than 50 varieties in six series, such as calligraphy, landscape scenery, flowers, grasses, insects and fish, ancient costume figures, legendary characters, and historical monuments, which are "new, strange, beautiful and elegant", which is breathtaking. Wang Congfang said that under the influence and influence of her father, she also fell in love with this kind of folk craft that turns decay into magic. "Wheat straw is generally used in the countryside to cook or gasket livestock, but in my father's hands, I can conjure up a Guan Gong who plays with a big knife or Hua Mulan who serves in the army for my father.

The production process of wheat straw painting is complicated, and after getting married, Wang Congfang did not abandon this skill.

Wang Congfang recalled that countless nights, she sat in her own small house of less than 10 square meters, in the dim light, cut off the wheat head, took the first and second nodules of the wheat stalks, put them in a pot and boiled them with boiling water for 10 minutes, took them out, washed them and dried them semi-dry, and then put them into the urn and smoked them with sulfur for half an hour, and then broke them, ironed them, drew and facsimile them, and carved them carefully, and the whole process required more than a dozen processes. In winter, hands are often frozen with frostbite, and in summer, they suffer from constant sweat and mosquito bites. But no matter how hard it was, Wang Congfang gritted his teeth and did not give up the production of wheat straw paintings.

After the death of his father, Wang Congfang felt that the burden on his shoulders was heavier. In order to carry forward this technique, she retained the essence of the painting through continuous exploration and exploration, and innovatively changed the wheat straw painting from primary color to color. The wheat straw paintings she created are more delicate and expressive, the colors are more gorgeous and full, and the themes are richer and more extensive, which are very famous in Shimen Town and even Luonan County.

In order to continue to carry forward the creation of wheat straw painting, in 2008, Wang Congfang rented a house in Luonan County, established the Guyi Zhai Wheat Straw Painting Professional Cooperative, and hired 22 skilled workers to specialize in the production and sales of wheat straw paintings. These are not only monochrome paper-cut works, but also have the charm of traditional Chinese painting art of the original ecological works, the picture is beautiful, the form is diverse, simple and generous, elegant and vulgar appreciation. In April 2008, Luonan wheat straw painting was included in the first batch of intangible cultural heritage list of Shangluo City, and Wang Congfang was the inheritor.

Wang Congfang's wheat straw paintings are sold all over the country, praised by all walks of life, and have been invited to participate in the Western Trade Fair, many domestic expositions and China, Japan, South Korea, and the New International Calligraphy and Painting Friendship Exhibition, and won the gold medal of the International Cultural Festival in 2009, Wang Congfang has also won many awards inside and outside the province.

Just when Wang Congfang devoted herself to the cause of wheat straw painting, ready to further carry it forward, make it into an industry, and drive more parents and villagers in Luonan to get rich, one after another changes almost smashed her entrepreneurial dream into pieces.

Early one morning in 2011, her husband was riding a motorcycle on the way to Luonan County, and was hit and rolled by an oncoming overtaking drunk driving vehicle, resulting in comminuted fractures of the cervical and lumbar vertebrae, and the pillars of the family fell, Wang Congfang instantly felt that the sky had fallen. After 18 months in the hospital, her husband lost his ability to work, Wang Congfang was shocked, angry and frightened, which also caused some lesions in his body, and it took several surgeries to save his life.

To add insult to injury, Wang Congfang was diagnosed with breast cancer, surgery fees and several radiotherapy treatments, plus the rehabilitation treatment of her and her husband in recent years, spent all the family's savings.

What made Wang Congfang most anxious was that she had to stop her beloved wheat straw painting and go to the hospital for radiotherapy again and again. "There is no one to pass on wheat straw painting at present, if I have three long and two short, this skill will be lost." Wang Congfang said that if anyone is willing to learn the art of making wheat straw painting, she can teach it for free. I hope God will give me another chance to cure my illness and pass on the wheat straw painting. ”

According to Li Lin, chairman of the Luonan County Federation of Literary and Art Circles, Luonan wheat straw painting is an intangible cultural heritage project in Shangluo City, as one of the main inheritors of Luonan wheat straw painting, Wang Congfang has been committed to the protection and inheritance of this intangible cultural heritage for many years, and has made great efforts to do so. Her works are all made of natural materials, handmade, with a wide range of themes, clear and beautiful, lifelike, and have a high artistic level and collection value.

In order to keep this beautiful thing in the world forever, Wang Congfang has invested a lot of money over the years. Today, there are still more than 800 wheat straw paintings in her home, "Spirit Turtle Holy Book", "Lotus Pond Love", "Pine Crane Longevity", "Bright Future" and other works are exquisite, if someone is interested in wheat straw paintings, they can come and take away a painting, this small act of kindness, can reduce Wang Congfang's financial burden, so that she can reduce the pain and suffering. Perhaps, this intangible cultural heritage can also be passed on.

From the ordinary wheat straw growing in the rural wheat field to the amazing folk handicraft wheat straw painting that has been collected at the art exhibition, it took Shen Sheguo more than 30 years to transform this gorgeous transformation. He adhered to an ingenuity, devoted himself to the study of traditional techniques, made bold innovations from the production process to the subject matter, and brought forth the new and brilliant this ancient traditional handicraft, forming a unique Dafeng wheat straw painting, and Shen Sheguo also became the provincial intangible cultural heritage inheritor of Dafeng wheat straw sticker. Today, "Yancheng Craftsman" enters Shen Sheguo's artistic life.

A table, a chair, a table lamp, and a large cabinet full of wheat straw of various colors, this is Shen Sheguo's simple studio. However, the wheat straw paintings hanging on the walls are as beautiful as watercolor paintings, or majestic as Chinese paintings, and colorful as oil paintings, reminding us that this studio is not simple. The most shocking is the "most impressive" color wheat straw painting Dream of Red Mansions, which is 2.44 meters long and 0.9 meters wide, with 68 characters of the Dream of Red Mansions, with ingenious composition, vivid and agile characters. The production of this work, which took up to half a year, was difficult.

This painting encounters many difficulties, one is to decompose, because it is a colorful wheat straw painting, so it is necessary to decompose one by one; One is the color matching, because the wheat straw itself has a very strong gloss, it is not easy to dye, and it took more than 10 days to dye alone.

Difficult, it seems that Shen Sheguo's path to art has always been accompanied, but he will always use his unique perseverance to solve problems.

He's a very curious person, and I have a peculiarity, when I see something, I try my best to learn it.

Wheat straw painting originated in the Sui and Tang dynasties, flourished in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and is a folk pure handicraft technology. It uses the natural luster and material of wheat straw to be made through more than ten processes such as cutting, bleaching, scraping, scalding, and pasting, expressing all things in heaven and earth.

In the feudal society, wheat straw paintings from the folk were treasured among the royal family and nobles as royal tribute because of their simplicity, nature and elegance. Shen Sheguo's relationship with wheat straw painting stemmed from a very fortuitous chance.

Shen Sheguo, who loved painting since childhood, worked as a farmer and a soldier, and finally became a teacher in Dafeng Nanyang Primary School. One day in 1978, Shen Sheguo accidentally saw a report in Wen Wei Po: someone made a beautiful painting out of wheat straw. Wheat straw is so common in rural fields, and such ordinary objects can be painted? Shen Xingguo was thrilled.

I saw a report on Wen Wei Po, and the teacher of the report, Jiang Keling, who is the executive vice president of the French International Art Exchange Association and a professor at the Dewey Academy of Fine Arts in France, studied straw paintings and posted them in the newspaper.

Shen Sheguo, who returned from Shanghai, plunged headlong into the world of wheat straw painting. In order not to delay teaching, he insisted on practicing his skills every night, 3 hours a day, and conceived and made wheat straw paintings. In 1981, Shen Sheguo completed his debut work "Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge" and participated in the Jiangsu Youth Art Exhibition for the first time, which attracted much attention. It was also this exhibition that broadened his horizons and made him think about it in a new way: how to get rid of the flat limitations of traditional wheat straw painting and develop into relief? He began to research and made progress.

In the past, the paintings of flowers and birds we made were all flat, so I wondered if we could turn the flat ones into three-dimensional, because the animals and flowers and birds themselves are three-dimensional, and then through my repeated thinking and repeated experiments, I finally solved this problem. That's why the straw paintings I make now are all reliefs.

Shen Sheguo, who loves to ponder in trouble, was not satisfied with the change from plane to relief, and he began to make more refined production.

In terms of subject matter, from flowers and birds to landscape architecture, the specifications are developed from small production to huge production, and the technical absorption and integration of Chinese painting, relief, oil painting and other artistic expression techniques make the picture three-dimensional, antique and antique, giving people the enjoyment of beauty.

I like this thing, the more I do it, the bigger the knowledge becomes, every time I make a painting, I need to re-study and design, each wheat stalk looks simple, but the knowledge inside is quite rich, so this is the reason that art is endless.

For those who don't know about wheat straw painting, it's hard to imagine how hard it was. In a painting of animals, the hair on their bodies is made of wheat stalks cut into thin threads, and a piece can reach tens of thousands, or even hundreds of thousands. There is a picture of a group of cats playing with butterflies, which took him three years of spare time. The difficulties during this period also made Shen Sheguo struggle whether to give up or insist. In the end, he chose to persevere, and continued to move forward with determination, carefulness, perseverance, and patience.

To make a painting, sometimes it takes 10 days or even months, do you think, how much patience is needed to paste the fine hairs one by one? I struggled myself, and I didn't want to do it, because it was really too difficult to do wheat straw painting, but I persevered. Therefore, I think that in order to have the spirit of craftsmanship, we must have the four hearts of determination, carefulness, perseverance and patience. With these four hearts, there is no problem that cannot be solved.

Time lives up to the people who work hard, and Shen Sheguo's wheat straw painting has achieved remarkable results. In 1990, his work "Pine Age Crane Shou" won the Excellence Award at the first Folk Art Fair in Jiangsu Province. In 1999, "Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge" won the International Honorary Gold Medal at the 2nd World Chinese Art Awards. In 2000, the huge wheat straw clip art "Nine Dragon Wall" was exhibited at the 6th China Art Festival. In 2007, he held a solo exhibition in France and was awarded the Ordre de l'Ordre de France. In 2010, he became a provincial representative inheritor of intangible cultural heritage. In 2011, he was awarded the honorary title of "World Master of Chinese Art" by the UNESCO Joint Association.

The wheat stalks are long, and the wheat is fragrant. Over the past 30 years, from youth to gray hair, Shen Sheguo's feelings for wheat straw painting have become more and more mellow. At the age of 74 this year, after retirement, he still maintains 8-10 hours a day to do wheat straw painting, and often goes to primary school campuses and deaf schools to promote and teach wheat straw painting techniques for free. He hopes that this skill can be carried forward and shine forever!

Moved by Shen Sheguo's perseverance regardless of gains and losses, he was also worried about the future prospects of Dafeng wheat straw painting. At present, there are very few people in Dafeng City who are really engaged in the craft of wheat straw painting, because wheat straw painting is extremely testing the temperament and perseverance of practitioners, and it is impossible to have rich returns in a short period of time. Therefore, the inheritance of this craft is difficult to avoid the practical problem of lack of talents.

Ye Changsheng, director of the Dafeng District Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center, believes that in order to attract young people, one aspect is to keep pace with the times in terms of production and subject matter, combine traditional culture with modern life, and more importantly, support young people who learn wheat straw painting and attract them to join in wheat straw painting.

At present, Nanyang Town has set up a Nanyang Wheat Straw Painting Exhibition Center, which buys Shen Sheguo's wheat straw paintings and displays them for young people. The cut-and-paste art workshop was established to teach children free of charge. We also look forward to more people understanding and walking into wheat straw painting. Only when it is favored by the majority of people can traditional crafts be passed down from generation to generation.

The artist Li Jun does not seek fame and fortune, and Li Jun, who is not in a hurry to achieve his work, calmly copys, paints, and reads, from which he comprehends the style of ancient and modern painters and hone the master's skills of conveying the spirit. Li Jun pondered painstakingly, his paintings are rich in ancient and modern, not conventional, for art, taking in-depth life as the foundation of creation, and the beauty of life as a teacher. He climbed the Yellow Mountain, went to Jiuhua, managed Vientiane to prophesy the emperor, and drank poverty and self.

In recent years, while studying the art of Chinese painting, he has a special fondness for intangible cultural heritage crafts, and has studied wheat pole painting, cloth sticker painting, non-cultural heritage craft painting, and modern low-carbon handicrafts, imitation iron painting, gold silk flowers, etc. Under the careful guidance of Mr. Ma, his works can be described as natural.

In the month of the "Fifth Anhui Province Arts and Crafts Boutique Expo Supervision Fair", Li Jun's wheat pole painting "Another Cup" won the bronze medal, and in the 2018 Hefei "Looking for Good Teachers in the Community" activity competition, Li Jun's wheat pole painting "Technique Pressing the Crowd" won the Excellence Award and the Best Popularity Award.

At present, there are more than 50 wheat pole paintings and cloth stickers. Most of the base drawings are designed by Li Jun himself and depicted with care. The works of art come from life and are higher than life, such as: "Love", "Sports and Health", "One More Cup", "Golden Monkey Xianrui", "Jiao", "Want Want", "Renqin Spring Morning", "Contemplation", "Tea Tasting", "Stinging Branches and Sparrows", "Technique Overwhelming", "Phoenix Tail Bamboo in the Moonlight", "Speed", "One Pot One World", "Butterfly Love Flower", "Phoenix Tail Bamboo in the Moonlight" and so on. It has strong characteristics of the times, so that intangible cultural heritage art can be innovated in the inheritance and promote development in innovation.

In recent years, his wheat pole paintings and cloth sticker paintings have been frequently introduced to Western Europe, North America, Singapore, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. Li Jun believes that what is ordinary is not actually bland, but the most brilliant is bland. Li Jun said that since he loves the cause of art, he must lock in the goal and face it with emotion.

In the hustle and bustle of Zhili Town, the "capital of children's clothing", there is such a craftsman, who has been lonely and has adhered to the creation of wheat straw painting for more than 20 years. With a pair of skillful hands, sketching and pasting, the wheat stalks are painted into bright and dazzling paintings. It's like an oil painting, and it's like embroidery, it's exquisite.

Zhu Junmin, born in Tangnan, Wuxing District, has loved painting since he was a child. In my childhood memories, when the wheat harvest came, the yellow wheat stalks could be seen everywhere in the fields. When he was young, Zhu Junmin saw a reed painting introducing Baiyangdian in a magazine, and was immediately attracted to it, so he came up with the idea of painting wheat straw.

There is no teacher to ask for advice, it is all up to you to find out. Draw a pattern on the paper, split the straw, then glue it on and iron it flat...... His first wheat straw painting, "Two Chicks Snatching Earthworms," was completed.

Later, Zhu Junmin and his friends cooperated to open a wheat straw painting workshop, and many of the wheat straw paintings he made at that time were sold to the Shanghai City God Temple. However, after all, making wheat straw paintings was time-consuming and energy-consuming, and Zhu Junmin had no choice but to give up the creation of wheat straw paintings. It wasn't until 2009 that Zhu Junmin saw a report from CCTV about Tang Jinming, a famous wheat straw painter in Henan, that the familiar wheat straw rekindled Zhu Junmin's long-buried creative enthusiasm.

Wheat straw painting, named after its production material of wheat straw, is a kind of folk cut-and-paste art filled with a strong local flavor, which integrates a variety of artistic expressions such as Chinese painting, printmaking, calligraphy, and stickers, and is known as "a unique Chinese art". Wheat straw painting was officially used as a court artwork in the Sui and Tang dynasties, and was appreciated and treasured among the royal family and nobles.

Zhu Junmin used barley straw to dye in various colors. He said that barley straw with more than 2 knots is the best, and compared with wheat straw, it has better gloss and toughness. The wheat straw paintings created by Zhu Junmin have been treated without being moth-eaten or fading.

After high-temperature cooking, bleaching, and dyeing, Zhu Junmin cut the selected wheat straw one by one with a spatula, and then pulled it repeatedly with a round pencil, and the wheat straw instantly became smooth and bright.

According to the pre-sketched pattern, after cutting and pasting, Zhu Junmin's hands showed a variety of vivid colors of flowers, birds, and cordyceps. Even if it is a simple wheat straw painting, Zhu Junmin has to collage thousands of wheat straw threads. After more than 30 large and small processes, the image can be vivid and detailed.

In order to make the color of wheat straw more rich and three-dimensional, it is necessary to use a soldering iron to prioritize and flexibly handle the scalding part, which requires very precise control of the temperature, otherwise the previous efforts will be wasted.

The entire process of making a wheat straw painting is done by hand. It seems simple, but it is the ingenuity of many years. It took Zhu Junmin six months to create this tiger-themed work. Drawing on the expressions of embroidery, he tore the wheat straw into threads as thin as silk. This work alone collages more than 30,000 wheat stalks, which are vivid and delicate.

Compared with the wheat straw paintings in the north, Zhu Junmin's production process is more elaborate. In the hands of Zhu Junmin, all kinds of flowers, birds, insects and fish, landscapes, pavilions and pavilions, the picture is vivid and expressive. Zhu Junmin said that when many people saw it at first sight, they didn't believe that the picture in front of them was actually the most ordinary wheat straw drawing. The innovative process production and the expression of calligraphy and painting art make Zhu Junmin's wheat straw paintings present a different kind of beauty: they have the shape of gongbi painting, the light and color of oil painting, and the three-dimensional ...... embroidery

This is a "Hundred Sons Picture" completed by Zhu Junmin after more than 200 days and nights of painstaking thinking, and it is his representative work. In order to create this work, Zhu Junmin spent almost ten years, breaking through the traditional flat practice of wheat straw painting, showing the style of wheat straw painting in a three-dimensional way, and creatively combining Western oil painting with traditional wheat straw painting, and finally turning "wheat" into gold.

During the day, Zhu Junmin was busy on the noisy streets of Zhili, installing air conditioners and decorating water and electricity; At night, he went headlong into the studio and immersed himself in the creation of wheat straw paintings. The wheat straw painting made Zhu Junmin obsessed.

"A butterfly in the straw painting has to cut a thousand knives, who can bear to do it? Especially young people. "Every time Zhu Junmin creates a work, it takes as little as a week, and it takes up to half a year to complete the complex work. He said that the reason why he has been able to persevere for many years is inseparable from his wife's understanding and encouragement.

Zhu Junmin teaches children to make wheat straw paintings at the Rolling Village Primary School. The wheat straw painting was included in the intangible cultural heritage inheritance project by the school. These children who grew up in the countryside have a strong interest in this magical folk art.

Wheat straw, in the eyes of many people, is a good material for the production of feed, and a good firewood for cooking. But in the hands of Deng Youpu, a master of folk art in Xiantao, Hubei, it has become Zhong Lingyu's beautiful landscapes, crowds of people, and lifelike flowers, birds, fish and insects......

Wheat straw painting, also known as wheat straw painting, wheat straw painting, wheat straw painting, and burning painting, is a traditional Chinese handicraft with a long history. It can be traced back to the Sui Dynasty, which has a history of more than 1,400 years.

Deng's wheat pole painting was roughly formed in the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. Deng Xuantang entered the Beijing Palace to test, and the waiting period was exhausted, and he took materials from the suburbs to make wheat pole paintings in the city, and the princes and ministers rushed to buy, and the people who gathered in Beijing were not envious; Later, he continued to ponder the art of this painting, forming a unique art that has been passed down to the heirs. After Deng Huitang resigned and returned to his ancestral hometown, the Deng wheat pole paintings that were compatible with the customs and habits of the Xiantao area and the public aesthetics gradually formed and spread.

The production process of Deng's wheat straw painting includes more than 10 processes such as cutting, bleaching, scraping, grinding, scalding, smoking, and pasting. After several generations of inheritance and innovation, the composition is mainly based on the Jingchu culture as the background, and the characteristics of Hubei Yumi Water Town are created as the theme, from the simple plane carving to the semi-three-dimensional and even full-three-dimensional technology, making the work a green artwork that is both beautiful and environmentally friendly.

Deng Youpu was born in 1947 in Xiantao, Hubei Province, into a family of artists, and began to learn shadow puppet carving and paper-cutting with his parents since he was a child.

After Deng Youpu became an adult, he went to various places to worship famous teachers and learn calligraphy, painting and seal carving.

In 1990, Deng Youpu returned to Xiantao and began the innovation of wheat pole painting, comprehensively inheriting the production technology of his ancestors and his fathers, and boldly absorbing many artistic elements such as paper-cutting, shell carving, bark painting, feather painting, calligraphy, Chinese painting, and brand painting.

Entering the year of the sixtieth year, his artistic creation entered a "blowout period", and his wheat straw paintings have won more than ten national awards, and have been collected by the China Folk Museum, the Hong Kong Museum of Art, the Pittsburgh Museum of Art and other art palaces.

In 2008, he used 10 catties of wheat straw to make a 14-meter-long, 1.1-meter-high wheat straw relief "Qingming Riverside Map", participated in the Beijing Olympic Games Chinese Arts and Crafts Master Exhibition, and at the same time presented more than 200,000 yuan worth of wheat straw paintings "Bird's Nest" and "Fuwa" to the Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee.

With the increasing fame, the value of Deng Youpu's wheat straw paintings has risen sharply, and the price has risen several times that of the past, and the most expensive works can be sold for about 500,000 yuan.

Over the years, he has held wheat straw painting training courses in Hubei, Chongqing, Heilongjiang and other places, teaching his unique skills, and now there are hundreds of disciples.