——Cited in "Speech at the International Academic Symposium to Commemorate the 2565th Anniversary of the Birth of Confucius and the Opening Ceremony of the Fifth General Assembly of the International Confucian Federation".

■Interpretation

In ancient and modern times, most of those who study and eventually become great friends pay great attention to making friends. When Fan Zhongyan, a great writer of the Song Dynasty, wrote poems, he often invited celebrities to read together in bed, and the smoke of oil lamps smoked the top of the mosquito net to black. Confucius also said, "If you are a threesome, you must have my teacher, choose those who are good and follow them, and change those who are not good", in fact, it is emphasizing that learning should focus on communication and collision. In fact, this is true for individuals, but it is also true for a country, a nation, and a culture. Comrade Xi Jinping has quoted this ancient saying many times to illustrate the importance of communication and learning. For example, in the party school, students come from different places, different departments, and different fields of work, and they come from all directions and all over the world, and each person's knowledge accumulation, experience composition, personal experience, and political experience are different, which constitutes a good environment for mutual exchange and learning. From Greek civilization to Egyptian civilization, civilization of the two rivers, from Asian civilization to African civilization to American civilization, China should adopt the attitude of learning from each other, learn from each other's strengths, choose the good and follow the good, and carry forward the excellent cultural spirit that transcends time and space, transcends countries, is full of eternal charm and has contemporary value.

■Original text

发 and then forbidden, then 扞 (hà

Extraordinary; After time and then learn, it is diligent and difficult to achieve; Miscellaneous but not grandchildren, then bad and chaotic but not repaired; If you learn alone and have no friends, you will be lonely and unheard; Yan Peng rebelled against his teacher; Yan discarded his learning. These six are also abolished for the sake of teaching.

——(Spring and Autumn Period to Qin and Han Dynasties) "The Book of Rites and Learning"

■Definition

Xueji is the earliest treatise on education and teaching activities in China, and it is one of the books of rites.

This passage in the "Records of Learning" expounds the six reasons for the failure of teaching. They are: if you try to prohibit it after the problem occurs, the students will have a strong resistance and no effect (grid: contradict each other, incompatible); If you miss the best opportunity to study, it will be difficult to achieve results even if you are diligent and hardworking; If the teaching is chaotic and not progressive, students' learning will fall into chaos and it will be difficult to achieve results. If you meditate alone and don't learn from each other, you will have shallow knowledge and not be wide-sighted; If you slander your classmates, you will disobey your teacher's teachings; If you slander the teacher's teaching, you will abandon your studies (Yan: blasphemy. Pi: metaphorically, for teaching methods).

"If you learn alone without friends, you will be lonely and unheard", this sentence emphasizes the importance of learning and learning from each other. This is where the idiom "lonely and unheard" comes from. Learning alone without contact with the outside world is like working behind closed doors, which will not work; Only by learning from others can we gain more knowledge and make up for our own shortcomings.