Survival in the wild, that is, people survive in the mountains and jungles where there is no accommodation. Special forces, scouts, airborne troops, marines, and soldiers who have lost contact with their troops during the battle and wrecked aircrews who have lost contact with their troops in battle need bottom-up skills in the field even more when they are isolated behind enemy lines or in unfamiliar wilderness jungles and isolated islands, and when their instruments are cut off.

In the absence of topographic maps and compasses, military personnel should master some methods of determining direction by using natural features.

Using the sun to determine your position is very simple

You can use a pole (straight rod) so that it is perpendicular to the ground, and place a stone at the apex a of the shadow of the pole; After about 10 minutes, when the apex of the benchmark shadow moves to b, another stone is placed. Connect the two points A and B into a straight line, and the direction of this line is the east-west direction. The direction perpendicular to the AB line is north-south, and if it is in the northern hemisphere, the end of the sun is south, and vice versa is north.

When the weather is clear at night, you can use the North Star to determine the direction. The search for the North Star begins with finding the constellation Ursa Major (known as the Big Dipper). The constellation consists of seven stars and starts like a spoon. When the Big Dipper is found, the brighter star is the North Star, which extends about 5 times the distance between A and B along the line between the two stars A and B on the edge of the spoon.

It is a subsidy method to use the features of the ground features to determine the orientation. When using, it should be used flexibly according to different situations. Solitary trees usually have dense foliage on the south side and smooth bark. The ring lines on the stump are usually sparse in the south and dense in the north. In rural areas, the doors and windows of houses and the main entrance of temples usually open to the south. Snow from buildings, mounds, ridges, and highlands usually melts quickly in the south and slowly in the north. Large rocks, mounds, and trees are densely planted in the south, while moss grows in the north.

When you get lost in the wilderness, don't panic, but stop immediately, always calmly recall the path you've taken, find a way to reorient yourself with all possible signs, and then look for the way. The surest way is to "get lost" and return to where you came from.

After losing your way in the mountains, you should first climb high and look far away to determine which direction you should go. It is usually necessary to walk in the direction of low ground, so that it is easy to come into contact with water sources and follow the river, which is especially important in the forest. Because roads and settlements are often built along the waterfront and river.

If you encounter a fork in the road and you can't see how many roads you want to follow, first know where you want to go and choose the right path. If several roads are in the same direction and cannot be determined, you should take the middle road first, so that you can go left and right, and even if you take the wrong road, you will not deviate too far.

Traverse complex terrain

If there is no road, you can choose to travel on the longitudinal mountain beams, ridges, mountainsides, rivers and streams, as well as the terrain where the trees are high and the forests are sparse, the gaps are large, and the grass is low. It is necessary to strive to walk the beam and not the ditch, and go vertically and not horizontally.

When you are walking, you can walk in big strides, but you can not walk in small steps. In this way, dozens of kilometers can be taken many steps less. When fatigued, take a leisurely and slow step to rest without stopping. When climbing rocks, the rocks should be carefully observed, the quality and degree of weathering of the rocks should be carefully identified, and the direction and route of the climb should be determined.

The basic method of climbing rocks is the "three-point fixation" method, that is, two hands and one foot or two feet are fixed with one hand, and then the remaining foot or hand is moved to move the body's center of gravity up. Hands and feet should be well coordinated, avoid moving two points at the same time, be steady, light and fast, choose the most suitable distance and the most stable fulcrum according to your own situation, and do not stride and grasp and pedal too far away.

Climbing the slopes below 30 degrees is possible in a straight line. When climbing, lean forward slightly, land on the soles of your feet, bend your knees, and shape your feet in a figure-eight shape, and don't step too big or too fast. When the slope is greater than 30 degrees, a zigzag climbing route is generally taken. When climbing, the legs are slightly bent, the upper body is leaning forward, the inner toes are forward, the whole ball of the foot is on the ground, and the outer toe is slightly outward. If you slip during the process, you should immediately face the hillside, spread your arms but straighten your legs, and raise your toes to move your body as much as possible to reduce the speed of the slide. In this way, you can try to find a climb and support while gliding. Don't sit facing out, as this will not only make you faster, but you'll also be able to roll over steeper slopes.

Rivers are mountainous and plain areas that often encounter obstacles. Do not rush into the river when encountering it, but carefully observe it before determining the location and method of crossing the river. Mountain rivers are usually fast-flowing, with low water temperatures and bumpy beds. When wading, in order to maintain the balance of the body, you should use a meridian to support the upstream direction of the water, or hold a stone weighing up to 15~20 kg. When wading in a group, you can cross in a row of three or four, hugging each other's shoulders, and the strongest body is located in the upstream direction.

There are two main ways to survive in the wild and obtain food. One is to hunt wild animals and the other is to collect wild plants.

To hunt wild animals, we must first know the habitat of the animal, grasp the life rules of the animal, and then take the methods of pressure hunting, trapping, trapping card and shooting. This requires a long period of training and practice under the guidance of experts to truly master it. The following is just a brief introduction to the types and methods of edible insects and edible wild plants.

The insects that people eat in the world are snails, earthworms, ants, zhili, crickets, butterflies, locusts, grasshoppers, lake flies, spiders, praying mantises, etc. Although people are not accustomed to eating insects, and even feel disgusted, they will not try it as a last resort in order to maintain their lives, maintain their combat effectiveness, and then complete their tasks. However, it should be noted that in fact, it should be cooked or roasted thoroughly to prevent the parasites in the insects' body from entering the human body and causing poisoning or disease.

Common edible insects are, locusts; It can be eaten in soy sauce and grilled, boiled or stir-fried; Praying mantis: roasted or fried after winging, boiled or cooked; Dragonfly: edible after dry frying: cicada: eaten raw or dry fried, larvae can also be eaten; Centipede: Dry-fried, but not in good taste; Longhorn beetle: larvae can be eaten raw or roasted; Ants: stir-fried, delicious; Spiders: remove the feet to roast; Termites: can be eaten raw or fried; Pine caterpillars: roasted food.

Edible wild plants include edible wild fruits, wild vegetables, algae, lichens, mushrooms and ferns. The identification of edible wild plants is a staple of bottom-up knowledge in the wild. China's territory is vast, suitable for the growth of various plants, of which there are about 2,000 kinds of edible ones. The common edible wild fruits in our country are: mountain grapes, Dusi, black blind fruit, thatch berry, sea buckthorn, torch fruit, myrtle, bearded seed, black rice tree, emblica, etc., especially wild chestnut, coconut, papaya is easier to identify, is the best food for emergency survival. Common wild vegetables include bitter herbs, dandelions, houttuynia cordata, purslane, spiny grass, camellia, wild amaranth, broom green, water chestnut, lotus, reed, moss, etc. Wild vegetables can be eaten raw, stir-fried, boiled or boiled.

There are usually two ways to obtain drinking water: one is to tap groundwater and the other is to purify surface water. We will only cover the methods of obtaining drinking water from surface water.

Usually rainwater can be drunk directly. When it rains, you can use rain cloths and plastic sheets to collect a large amount of rainwater, and you can also use empty cans, cups, steel helmets and other containers to collect rainwater.

When there is no reliable drinking water and no inspection equipment, the water quality can be roughly identified according to the color, taste, temperature and water traces of the water

Wilderness survival skills: finding and collecting water

When drinking water from the stagnant water in the hollow, it must be disinfected and precipitated before boiling for drinking.

Rainwater collection: Rainwater can be effectively collected by digging a hole in the ground, covering it with a layer of plastic, and surrounding it with clay.

Tracking animals, birds, insects, or human tracks can find water.

There is a trick to sleeping in a sleeping bag. People who can't "sleep" can feel cold even when using a cold sleeping bag (minus 35 degrees) at a normal low temperature (minus 5 degrees), so how can you sleep warmer? When using a sleeping bag, there are many external factors that affect the performance of the sleeping bag, it should be noted that the sleeping bag itself does not heat up, it only effectively reduces the loss of body temperature, and the following conditions will help you sleep warmer.

▲Shelter from wind and moisture

In the wild, a sheltered tent can provide a warm sleeping environment. When choosing a campsite, don't choose the valley floor, which is a gathering place for cold air, and try to avoid ridges or hollows that are subject to strong winds. A good moisture-proof mat is effective in separating the sleeping bag from the cold, damp ground, and the inflatable type is even better, and two regular moisture-proof mats are required on the snow.

▲Keep your sleeping bag dry

The water absorbed by the sleeping bag does not come primarily from the outside world, but from the human body, which excretes at least a small glass of water during sleep, even in extreme cold conditions. Thermal insulation cotton will bond and lose its elasticity after being wet, and the thermal insulation ability will decrease. If the sleeping bag is used for multiple days in a row, it is best to dry it in the sun. Washing your sleeping bag frequently keeps the insulation cotton stretchy.

▲ Wear more clothes

Some fluffier garments can double as padded pajamas. Filling the gap between the person and the sleeping bag can also enhance the warmth of the sleeping bag.

▲ Warm up before going to bed

The human body is the source of heat for the sleeping bag, and a short warm-up exercise or a hot drink before going to bed will slightly raise the body temperature and help shorten the warming time of the sleeping bag.

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