Mandala is a wild erect woody annual herbaceous plant of the Solanaceae family, which can grow into a subshrub in low latitudes, with a height of 0.5~1.5 meters, and the whole is nearly smooth or young

The tender part is pubescent. The stems are stout, cylindrical, pale green or purple, lignified underneath. The leaves are alternate, the upper part is opposite, the leaves are ovate or broadly ovate, the apex is acute, the base is asymmetrically wedge-shaped, there are irregular wavy shallow lobes, the apex of the lobes is acutely pointed, sometimes there are wavy teeth, the lateral veins are 3~5 on each side, reaching the top of the lobe, 8~17 cm long, 4~12 cm wide; The petiole is 3~5 cm long.

The flowers are solitary between the branches or in the leaf axils, erect, with short peduncles; Calyx cylindrical, 4~5 cm long, with 5 angulars at the tube, slightly inverted between the two edges, slightly expanded at the base, tightly enclosed at the top of the corolla tube, 5 shallowly lobed, triangular, fractured from near the base after flowering, the surviving part increases with the fruit and folds outward; Corolla funnel-shaped, lower half green, upper white or lavender, eaves 5 shallowly lobed, lobes with short pointed heads, 6~10 cm long, eaves 3~5 cm in diameter; The stamens do not protrude from the corolla, the filaments are about 3 cm long, and the anthers are about 4 mm long; The ovary is densely covered with soft needles, and the columella is about 6 cm long.

Capsule erect, ovate, 3~4.5 cm long, 2~4 cm in diameter, with hard needles on the surface or sometimes thornless and nearly smooth, pale yellow after ripening, regular 4-lobed lobes. The seeds are ovate, slightly flattened, about 4 mm long, black. Generally, the flowering period is 6~10 months, and the fruiting period is 7~11 months.

Mostly wild in the fields, beside ditches, roadsides, river banks, hillsides, etc.? Prefers warm, sunny and well-drained sandy loam soils.

Mandalas are often propagated by sowing seeds, and generally in winter, the seeds will mature, and the mature seeds can be taken out and sown the following year. It should be noted that mandalas are more difficult to set fruit, and artificial pollination can be carried out to promote the ripening of the fruit.

Mandala sowing is generally carried out in early April, and it can be seeded or transplanted. Sprinkle the seeds on the seeding bed, cover the soil slightly, spray water after compaction, and it will germinate soon, and when it germinates, you can cover it with some straw, which can play the role of shade and moisturizing, and after a period of growth, you can transplant. Transplanting can generally be carried out from late May to early June.

During the growth period of seedlings, we should pay attention to weeding at any time, and timely soil cultivation should be carried out to avoid lodging of plants. When the seedlings are about 250px, the seedlings can be thinned, and the weak seedlings can be removed, and generally 2 seedlings can be kept in each hole. When the growth is relatively vigorous, it can be properly topdressed. When the mandala seedlings have 4-6 true leaves, they can be transplanted.

Green flowering plants are generally supposed to have a good effect on indoor air, but the mandala was an accident.

The ornamental nature of the mandala is very strong, and it can also purify the air, but it is still relatively rare to plant the mandala at home, because the mandala is not only a highly toxic plant, but also the fragrance of flowers has a hallucinogenic effect. So planting indoors is not suitable. Be careful even if you plant outdoors.

The principle of poisoning

Mandala flower poisoning is caused by accidental ingestion of mandala seeds, fruits, leaves and flowers, and its main components are hyoscyamine, atropine and scopolamine. The above components have the effect of stimulating the central nervous system, blocking the M-choline response system, antagonizing and parasympathetic nerves. In fact, it is neurotoxicity.

Manifestations of intoxication

Generally, symptoms appear 0.5-2 hours after eating, followed by dry mouth and throat, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, rapid pulse, dilated pupils, dry and flushed skin, fever, etc.

2. Mental symptoms such as forgetfulness, hallucinations, agitation, convulsions, and consciousness disorders may occur 2-6 hours after eating.

3. In severe cases, lethargy, shallow and slow breathing, blood pressure drops, and even critical signs such as shock, coma and respiratory paralysis often occur within 12-24 hours.

4. Severe death can occur

Toxic parts

The whole plant is poisonous, and the mandala has always been ornamental and proportional to the toxicity, which can be described as a fatal temptation. Be cautious when growing at home!

Rescue methods

There are multiple ways to rescue mandala poisoning, "Animal Toxicology" records that after mandala poisoning, it should be immediately used with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution or 1% ~ 6% tannic acid gastric lavage, and then take magnesium oxide, charcoal powder or general antidote (2 parts of activated carbon, 1 part of magnesium oxide, 1 part of tannic acid), and can also be filled with salt laxatives, and at the same time intravenous injection of glucose solution to promote the discharge of poison. Respiratory depression should be given stimulants (such as nicosamide, lobeline, etc.) in time; The "Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine" records: Chinese medicine detoxification can be taken frequently with 30 grams of licorice, 60 grams of mung beans or 120 grams of mung beans, 60 grams of honeysuckle, 30 grams of forsythia, and 15 grams of licorice; It can also be served with parsnip and cinnamon branch decoction.

Mandala flowers can be used not only for anesthesia, but also for the treatment of diseases. Its leaves, flowers, and seeds can be used as medicine, and the taste is pungent and warm, and it is very toxic. Flowers can go to rheumatism, relieve asthma and pain, can cure epilepsy and cold wheezing, decoction to wash and cure wind stubbornness and cold and damp athlete's foot. The analgesic effect of the petals is particularly good, and it can treat neuralgia.

Leaves and seeds can be used for cough and analgesia.

Ornamental value

If you don't consider the toxicity of the mandala, in fact, the mandala is also a good choice for home style matching, because the mandala has a fragrance, and the second is that the mandala is gorgeous and enchanting, giving people a noble and gorgeous, special taste, and characteristic decoration. And with a mysterious, holy, romantic temperament, so, mandala is suitable for British or French home style; In addition, it is also suitable for Chinese classical decoration, especially for home style with a pastoral flavor.

However, in addition to planting flowers to reflect the owner's taste, more important is the impact on the home environment and the health of the family. Therefore, mandala is not suitable for home decoration, but it can be planted in the garden, but it is necessary to beware of children and passers-by not to eat it by mistake or smell its fragrance closely, so as not to be poisoned.

economic value

Some varieties have a certain ornamental value, thus bringing to the market. In addition, seed oil can be used to make soap and blend paints.

Botanical culture

Mandala flower language

Infernal love and revenge! Represents unpredictable death and love

Mandala flower language

Purple Mandala – Horror.

Blue Mandala - Trickery, Love.

Red Mandala - Manzhu Sahua, also known as the other side flower. It is believed to be a flower that grows along the Santu River. Floral fragrance is said to have magical powers and can evoke memories during life.

Pink mandala – suitable.

Green Mandala – Endless Hope.

Black Mandala – unpredictable darkness, death, and wandering love. There is no love and no hatred in the mortal world, a tenacious and traumatized soul that has been hurt, and a road of no return to life.

Golden Mandala - Love, born lucky, with endless happiness.

White mandala - love flower, if swallowed with wine, will make people laugh and has an anesthetic effect. It is a flower that blooms in the sky, white and soft, and whoever sees this flower will remove the evil from itself.