The words and phrases of the Book of Songs are broad and profound, and they contain

"Wind, Fu, Compare, Xing, Ya, Song" six meanings. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, in the "Biography of Mao's Poems" written by Mao Heng (the year of birth and death is unknown, the late Warring States period, the Lu people, Qin Shi Huang, who took refuge in seclusion in Wuyuan County, and became naturalized in Hejian), belonged to the "Book of Songs".

The part of "Xing" is specially marked. The reason for this is that in terms of poetry and reasoning, is it?

"Wind, Fu, Ya, Song" communicate with each other, and

"Than" is particularly distinct, only

Is "Xing" obscure for the sake of obscurity? The so-called analogy is analogy, which generally uses things with similar content and interest to confirm and reinforce each other; Xing is to rise, and it is common to use things that are not directly related to each other to lead ideas, induce imagination and stimulate enlightenment through metaphors, hints or inspirations.

In the middle of the "Book of Songs", when the author expresses the creative purpose of beauty and irony, promoting good and suppressing evil, if he awakens ignorance and expresses feelings, it is suitable for use

the technique of "rising"; If the description is vivid, impressive, dependent

"Analogy", giving reinforcement; If you are depressed and depressed, vent your anger, you can't be strong

"Analogy"; If you are wise and protect yourself, you will be wise

"Bichen". so-called

"Those who know the times are handsome, and those who know the gains and losses are heroes", if they are guided by the situation and are cloudy, but because poets or writers have different aspirations and knowledge and intelligence, they choose in the end

"Than" still

"Xing" must vary from person to person. Monogram

The literary and artistic style of "Xingxing" is usually polite and obscure, and often uses ordinary and delicate natural objects to metaphorically reflect profound social morality.

For example, "Guan Ju" in "The Book of Poetry, National Style, and Southern Zhou", the reason

"Guan Guan Ju Dove" is on the rise? One,

As a kind of bird that likes to play in fish and water, the "dove" is called by the ancients in the world

"Wang Ju"; Two

During the courtship season, both male and female doves will send out

"Off, off, off" tweets. Therefore, as the first poem in "National Style: Zhou Nan", "Guan Ju" can not only refer to the general affairs of men and women in terms of the content of the whole poem, but also the so-called special reference

"The virtue of the concubine" is also reasonable. As for the "Magpie's Nest" in "The Book of Songs, National Style, and Zhaonan", to

"Wei Magpie has a nest, and Wei Gu lives in it." The root of the rise is that the folk are familiar with the female magpie and are good at building nests, while the female dove (cuckoo) is clumsy, but can hatch offspring with the help of the magpie's nest.

Therefore, whether it is a magpie or a dove, regardless of the species, their origins, whether they are noble or mediocre, are equally full of motherhood, and they are all experts in running the family and passing on the lineage.

Therefore, the so-called "Magpie's Nest" poem has

"The virtue of a lady" is not surprising. However, like this kind of poetry, they use

Although the art of "revival" is reasonable, it is not easy to understand, and it must be explained with marginal notes in order to understand the other and the other.

Look again

The artistic characteristics of "analogy", whether it is to convey feelings or interpret righteousness, in the selection of metaphorical objects, the key is to complement each other.

For example, in "Qi Ao" of "The Book of Songs, National Style, and Wei Feng".

"There are bandit gentlemen, such as gold and tin, and gui and bi." It is a metaphor for the dignity of virtue with Jin Xiguibi, and in the "Juan" of "The Book of Songs, Daya, and the Living".

"Graceful and vigorous, such as Gui Ruzhang, let Wen Lingwang." then use the Qizhang to establish the image of the Xuanyu; Then there is "The Book of Songs, Xiaoya, Xiaowan".

"The moth has a child, and the moth bears it." It is a metaphor for raising younger generations with the self-sacrifice of bees and moths, and "The Book of Songs, Daya, and Dang".

"Like a scorpion, like a boiling soup." The noise of cicadas is used to describe the hustle and bustle of eating and drinking; In addition, in "The Book of Songs, National Style, Shao Feng, Baizhou".

"The worries of the heart are like bandits" and

"My heart is unstoppable", the former shows that he is upset by wearing dirty clothes, and the latter shows his unswerving determination by wearing dirty clothes.

Some extremely vivid and vivid example sentences like this are all used in the "Book of Songs".

A classic masterpiece of "analogy". There is also in "The Book of Songs, Cao Feng, and Mayfly".

"Mayflies dig and read, and the linen is like snow." The metaphor of the swarming white mayflies is like wearing snow-white mourning clothes, so as to sigh the shortness of life; And "The Book of Songs, Zheng Feng, Uncle Yutian".

"Holding on to a group, two horses like a dance." Driving a carriage is likened to a man weaving and a horse dancing. Such a slightly obscure metaphor should also be classified as an analogy.

In the late Warring States period, King Chu Xiang listened to slander and Qu Yuan was exiled, in this context, like the "Lisao" that was born out of nowhere, although it continued the style of the "Book of Songs", but the irony in it is like that

"Than" with

"Xing" is intertwined. In the Han Dynasty, although the literary atmosphere was prosperous, most of the writers deigned to the powerful and preferred to be pompous

The artistic characteristics of "Xing" have disappeared. At the same time, the praise of words and blessings is like the sky, so the analogy and metaphor can be surging and becoming more and more prosperous.

But since then like

The form and content of the "analogy" are the same as the original appearance of the era when the "Book of Songs" was produced.

On the fundamental characteristics and specific ways of analogy, there is no fixed pattern in the selection of the object of analogy, and it is indeed impermanent; In terms of content, it can be not only sound, but also physiognomy, mental imagination, and even the world.

Therefore, during the Warring States Period, Song Yu's "Gao Tang Fu".

"The slender strip screams, and the sound is like a squirrel." is a comparison between sounds; In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, there was a "Liang Wangfu Garden".

"Yan Yan is one after another, like white clouds between the dust." It is a metaphor of physiognomy; and Jia Yi's "Ostrich Fu".

"Husbands and misfortunes are so different from blessings." It is to use concrete things to compare moral ideas; Moreover, Wang Bao's "Dong Xiao Fu" has it

"Gentle and Gentle"

"Like a loving father's animal." and other sentences, and use sound and feelings to compare and contrast with each other. Eastern Han Dynasty Ma Rong "Flute Fu".

"It's complicated, Fan and Cai Zhi said it." It is to compare the ups and downs of sound with heated debates; In addition, Zhang Heng's "Nandu Fu".

"Zheng dance, cocooning and dragging." It is the contrast between figurative things. Such techniques do abound in the midst of rhetoric and praise.

Even the use of analogies in the article is so frequent, as if it is inseparable from daily life

"Analogy", on the contrary, is not used once a month

"Rise" is the same. Therefore, the asymmetry in the frequency of the use of analogy and analogy leads to a high artistic attainment

"Qixing" is declining and dying out, leaving only the trivial, concise, and banal

"Analogy" is in full swing. This is also an important reason why the articles since the end of the Qin Dynasty and the Han Dynasty are not as solemn, profound and colorful as the Ji and Zhou periods.

Throughout the literary atmosphere of this period, especially those writers who were keen to praise Yang Xiong and Bangu people, as well as those who advocated following Cao Zhi and Liu Zhen, whether they depicted mountains and rivers or praised all things in the sea of clouds, they were full of repeated and diverse metaphors.

Because of this, the works of this period are not only gorgeous in rhetoric, but also eye-catching, and they are actually only similar to those in the Book of Songs

"Than" is just such an artistic means. As for other similar literary works, such as Pan Yue's "Firefly Fu" in the Western Jin Dynasty

"Flowing Gold in the Sand", as well as Zhang Han's "Miscellaneous Poems".

Although "Qingtiao Ruo Zong Cui" and so on belong to the words and phrases with distinct personalities in the analogy, in the extraordinarily diverse types of analogical artistic means, the highest level that they can also achieve is just the right metaphor.

Needless to say, it would be easy for writers and literati to use and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of analogy, if not obviously, because if anyone compared the swan depicted to a domestic duck, then it should be equivalent to failure, if not as useless.

All in all: the poet's articles are more interesting, and the scenery is divided into glory; The customs of North Hu and South Vietnam are different, and they are benevolent and righteous with each other.

The mood must be decisive, and the analogy must be natural; Like the wind rising from the water, it is like sailing into a river.