In "Zhou Yi Zhi Ci Shang", it is said: "The metaphysical is the way, and the metaphysical is the instrument." "It's often rumored

"God"

Although the Tao is universally revered, no one can copy and paint them, even if they use language and words, try to tell or deliberately describe, they cannot show the whole truth.

In the human world, all things with specific shapes, especially those that can be touched or seen, are relatively easy to tell or describe in words, especially between paraphrasing each other, and when using rhetorical methods such as exaggeration and metaphor, they can almost completely reproduce the form and style, charm and true appearance of this kind of thing.

The whole world is not only because of the differences in temperament and interests and the unequal level of intelligence between people, but also because of the moral principles of all things in the world, which itself has a distinction between simple and complex natures, and there is a gap between the difficulty and the ease of understanding.

Since the beginning of the world, all narration or description involving the appearance or nature of sound, whether in language or in words, has never been inseparable from exaggeration and analogy.

In the ancient "Book of Songs" and "Book of Songs", although it follows the elegance of the Middle and the Orthodox Elegance, and its artistic style is indeed a literary model, but because of its extremely wide range of things, the artistic characteristics of extreme exaggeration and perverse description are also everywhere.

For example, in "The Book of Songs, Daya, Songgao".

"Song Gao Weiyue, Jun Ji is in the sky." It is to keep the steep height of the four mountains on par with the horizon; And in "The Book of Songs, Wei Feng, Heguang".

"Whoever said that the river was wide, there was no room for a knife (the knife here is a narrow boat)." It means that even if the Yellow River is wide, there are extremely narrow places; And then there is "The Book of Songs, Daya, Fake Music".

"Thousands of blessings, hundreds of billions of descendants." It is intended to show that the children and grandchildren benefited by the blessing are extremely prosperous; There is also in "The Book of Songs, Daya, Yunhan".

"Zhou Yu Limin, there are no relics." Originally, when the king of Zhou prayed for rain, he said that the severe drought at that time had reached the level of extinction.

In addition, "Shangshu Yaodian" is used

"The soup soup flood is cut, swinging the mountains and Xiangling, and the sky is mighty." Tell of the immensity of the flood; And "Shangshu Wucheng" has

"Regardless of the enemy of our division, the future will be reversed, and the attack will be north of the rear, and the blood will flow and drift." It depicts the cruelty of King Wu's bloody river.

Some of the above belong to:

The wording of "exaggeration", although it is obviously an exaggeration of facts, is certainly beneficial and harmless as a literary and artistic expression to the facts and circumstances described.

However, like in "The Book of Songs, Lu Song, Pan Shui".

"Pian Pi flying owls, gathered in the pan forest. Eat my mulberry and have a good voice for me. "But because the flying owl landed on the forest (the woods of the aristocratic school), the original gloomy sound of this bird was also beautiful; And "The Book of Songs, Daya, Mian" has

"Zhou Yuan is full of flesh, and Violet is like a panny." It is to praise the fertility of the land, and even the bitter crops that grow here are said to be as sweet as sugar.

Such an exaggerated and beautiful statement with strong emotional overtones, although it is obviously contrary to the truth, like the previous rhetorical method, is still a classic example of the sages and philosophers who set an example for later generations.

Therefore, in "Mencius: Ten Thousand Chapters and Sentences", Mencius once said: "Those who say "poems" do not use words to harm words, and do not use words to harm aspirations. To rebel against the will is to get it. It means that when interpreting the Book of Songs, we should not stick to the superficial meaning of words and sentences, and then distort the overall content and theme of the poem.

If the meaning of the poem can be traced, and the author's emotional will can be accurately grasped, it is also decent.

Song Yu and Jing Cha, who started from the state of Chu during the Warring States period, were particularly focused on application

After "exaggerating" rhetorical devices, the literary circles of various countries followed the trend. In the Han Dynasty, the great writer Sima Xiangru was especially good at the rhetorical art of analogy and exaggeration, especially in his "Zixu Fu" and "Shanglin Fu".

The use of "exaggeration" can be called the pinnacle. For example, in "Shanglin Fu", not only

"Running stars are more in the boudoir, Wanhong is in the Xuan" (to the effect: the stars in front of the window, the rainbow across the building) is used to praise the tall and lofty pavilions of the garden pavilion, and

"Whisking birds, carrying phoenixes, swift birds, and Jiao Ming" actually said that in the royal garden, they caught strange birds and sacred birds, and praised the richness and auspiciousness of the hunt.

Yang Xiong, who followed Sima Xiangru closely, is in "Ganquan Fu".

"The Verdant Jade Tree"

"Ghosts can't catch themselves, and they go down and down half-long distances." The text not only uses jade trees to describe the green and precious trees, but also in order to show that the pavilion is tall and dangerous, it is hypothesized that even if the ghosts and gods climb halfway, they will worry about falling down.

As for Bangu's "Western Capital Fu", he actually caught a flounder in fresh water; And in Zhang Heng's "Xijing Fu", letting the sea god stop on the river beach, etc., are both unverifiable and extremely bizarre boasts.

In addition, Yang Xiong also said in "Feather Hunting Fu" that he was going to whip Concubine Mi of Luoshui and let her treat Peng Xian, Qu Yuan and Wu Zixu who were sinking under the water; And Zhang Heng in "Feather Hunting Fu", imprisoned the water god Xuan Ming in the northern wilderness.

However, how can Luoshen, who originally had a beautiful legend, and Xuanming, who was regarded as a northern immortal, be arbitrarily driven or imprisoned like demons and monsters?

Therefore, such extreme exaggeration and rhetoric are too perverse. Looking at the stories and example sentences listed above, you can either sigh at the magnificence of mountains and rivers, or praise the majesty of palace buildings, or belong to the association of bright stars and verdant forests, or it is the invention of whimsy and myths and legends.

But without exception, they all use exaggeration to win the vividness of the image, and use extreme whitewashing to obtain the shocking vulgarity of the content.

It is this obvious origin, purpose and effect that makes the rising stars, relying on their talents and abilities, trying to imitate them, and flocking to them like flies, lest they fall behind.

Looking at the current literary world, the expression of color and rhetoric is gorgeous, even if the flowers in spring are ashamed of it, and the desolation and withering of the words describing withering words is not as good as the depression of the cold valley.

They render happiness, fill the lines with laughter, pour out their sorrow, and weep tears between their mannerisms and words.

Such means of expression and description, not only racking their brains again and again, but also repeatedly digging their minds, so that in a desperate manner, they do everything they can to make the blind feel light, as if they were forcing the deaf to hear the voice.

Needless to say, if the author exaggerates properly, he will surely win the reader's sympathy and suddenly become enlightened; If the exaggeration is excessive, once it deviates from reason, it will definitely lose both, and it will be a complete defeat.

So, how do you grasp the scale of exaggeration? It is necessary to carefully consider the models in the "Book of Songs" and "Book of Songs", and to abandon examples such as Sima Xiangru and Yang Xiong.

Therefore, exaggeration is reasonable, evidence-based and modest, and even if it is deviant, it can not fall into the hodgepodge of slander, which can be regarded as a good word.

To sum up: rhetorical exaggeration is difficult to circumferential, and careful words and sentences are expensive. Kunpeng spreads its wings for thousands of miles, and wild ducks must follow for more than a year.

It is self-evident that it is difficult to say that it must be boasted. It is not an exaggeration to turn over the mountains and seas, and when the water is full, it is still too much to overflow.