With the alternation of times and social changes, the content and form of literature and art are constantly changing. From time immemorial to the present day, this close connection of mutual complementarity and mutual cause and effect has been followed throughout. This is the moral connection between "heavenly principles" and "human feelings" that are said in the world.

Far away in ancient China, when the clan society gradually moved towards centralization, when the "Tao Tang Clan" between Dingtao in Shandong Province and Tang County in Hebei Province was in charge of the reign of Emperor Yao, the world's morality was clear and the people were recuperating. The Ballad of Kang Qu. Entering the era controlled by Emperor Shun of the Yu family, the centralization of power was prosperous, the country was rich and the people were idle, so on the sea, there were floating everywhere "to relieve the sorrow of my people, and to solve the wealth of my people." In the palace, one after another "Qingyun Song", there is a person here who chants "Qingyun is rotten", and the ministers over there have "The sun and the moon are bright, and the macro is more than one person." Cheers. Why can the ballads of this period be so innocent, simple and beautiful? Because they are all sincere feelings from the heart, liver, and heart, so there will be a complement between "quality" and "literature".

Xia Yu split the mountains and divide the water, the merit is high and the world, when the country is the world, the basic order of the world is in order, so inside and outside the palace, praise the "nine songs" (death Yi) melodious far away. At the beginning of the summer of the Shang Dynasty, Chengtang pawned itself to pray for the blessing of the world, and its holy and pious spirit made people solemn, so the grand sacrifice of the merchant "Yi and that and" has been extended. Entering the Ji and Zhou dynasties, the "Book of Songs: Southern Zhou", which praised the literary virtues and martial arts of the early Zhou Dynasty, was evaluated by experts and scholars as reflecting the "diligence without complaint" of the people's voice at that time, and the "Book of Songs, Feng Feng", which reflected the folk customs of Zhou Yuan, was regarded as "happy but not lewd" by later celebrities. During the period from King Li of the Western Zhou Dynasty to King You, the government decree was mediocre and the society was in turmoil. "Born to be a thief, his fate is a traitor." has not shied away from dignity and humility, and boldly speaks out. When King Ping moved east to Luoyi, the power of the Zhou family was declining, and there was "The Book of Songs, Wang Feng, Huang Li" in "Those who know me say that I am worried; Those who do not know me say what I want. "The sorrow and melancholy. According to the above, the sentimental temperament in the poems and ballads of this period all indicate the fate of the family, the country, the world, and the individual, as if tightly tied to the emperor's morality and power struggle, and literature and art have become the trend and wind vane of "the wind moves at the top and the waves shake at the bottom".

After Ji Zhou entered the Spring and Autumn Period, the princes competed for hegemony, the heroes were dominant, and the "Six Classics" of "poetry, calligraphy, rituals, music, Zhou Yi, and Spring and Autumn" fell messily, and the hundreds of schools of thought began to roar in unison, lest they could not shock the world. When the war was raging, Han and Wei were able to strengthen the Quartet because of their respect for force; Yan and Zhao Lai were superstitious and won a moment of fame. Therefore, in the past, Shang Ying's testament "The Weak People" and "Jin Ling" regarded folk preferences and cultural cultivation as the "six lice" that infested the country's prosperity and strength, and then Han Fei's "Five Anvils", which regarded the free pursuit of thought and occupation as a moth hindering the hegemony of military force. In the Qin State, the existence of the "five anvils" and "six lice" was strictly forbidden, and then the country was extremely strong, and finally became invincible. At this moment, only Qi and Chu are the two countries, but they shine and burst out with the spiritual brilliance of literature and art. Qi Guo built a mansion on Tongqu Avenue, aiming to attract talented doctors from all over the world; The state of Chu expanded the Lantai Palace, just to entertain all the elegant and virtuous people. As a result, Mengzi of the State of Yi was listed as the guest of honor of the State of Qi, and Xunzi of the State of Zhao was placed in the order of Lanling County. Therefore, the "Jixia" of the Qi State has been handed down with the scenery of Qing talk and erudition, and the "Lanling" of Chu has bred the vulgarity of admiring vanity. In the land of Qi country, there was Zou Yan who liked the five elements of yin and yang to talk about the sky, so there was "talking about Tianyan" famous in China, and Zou Zheng was good at chewing words and words, and then he saw "carving dragon Zheng" well-known all over the world. The government and the opposition of the Chu State, there is Qu Yuan's rhetoric and brilliance in front of him, and Song Yu's sentences are as smart as the wind and clouds. Summarizing the strange sayings and glamorous words and beautiful sentences in this range, and studying its beauty and prickly prose, it obviously covers and surpasses the Yasong of the Book of Songs; The analysis of its rationality and grotesqueness completely echoes and conforms to the customs of the times.

At the beginning of Liu Han's dynasty, it was not far from winning Qin's book burning foolishness. Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, respected martial arts and despised Confucian erudition, seeking simplicity and practicality of learning. Therefore, inside and outside the court, although the ceremonial laws have been constructed in rudiments, the so-called scriptures and classics have not yet been cleared up and down the court and the opposition. However, Liu Bang's "Song of the Great Wind" and "Song of the Bird", which were praised during this period, can be regarded as the works of Tianhe. From Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty to the "rule of Wenjing", although the scriptures and wefts began to flourish, the literati and scholars were not reused. For example, the erudite Jia Yi was repeatedly depressed after being demoted from Beijing, while Geng Jie, such as Zou Yang and Mei Cheng, although they have articles and reputations, they are all ambitious; From this, the situation of the literati at that time can be seen. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established the dynasty, admired the Confucian style, inside and outside the court, paid attention to etiquette, and the literati showed their ability and flocked to it. Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, on the Bailiang platform, feasted the ministers, chanted poems and sang Fu; On the bank of the Yellow River, sympathetic to the people's livelihood, he improvised "Song of the Gourd"; In front of the steps of the court, the celebrities and scholars relied on literature and enjoyed the special car of the Son of Heaven to meet them, while the poor master father relied on the book, but he ate the wish of life and death; Inside and outside the court, Gongsun Hong relied on "Virtuous and Virtuous Countermeasures" to rise to prominence, and Ni Kuan relied on drafting the text to define; In the middle of the recklessness, Zhu Maichen, who chopped firewood for a living, became the chief inspector, and Sima Xiangru, who washed the wine vessels, became the general of Zhonglang. Moreover, people like Sima Qian, Wuqiu Shouwang, Yan Zhu, Zhongjun, Mei Gao and others, although they are completely eclectic in terms of countermeasures, they are already overwhelmed with famous works. They rose to fame one after another, and together they created a colorful literary and artistic style of this period, and erected a pinnacle of art that was difficult for later generations to achieve. Subsequently, Emperor Zhao and Emperor Xuan inherited the magnificent career of Emperor Wu, and gathered famous scholars and masters of scripture and rhetoric in the "Shiqu Pavilion" to discuss the Tao and debate the scriptures, and at this time the scholars have begun to criticize the disadvantages of the rhetoric family for excessive carving and embellishment, so people like those who are good at resignation such as Wang Bao and others just enjoy the fortune and have no affairs, only pampering. In the two dynasties of Emperor Yuan of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Cheng, the emperor himself admired Confucianism and good scriptures, and although the talents from all walks of life were uneven, they could all rank among them; During this period, Yang Xiong, who gave Huangmenlang to conceive and create thousands of songs, and Guanglu doctor Liu Xiang published the "Six Arts", and they all created achievements that are meritorious in the present and beneficial in the future. From the establishment of the Han Dynasty by Gaozu Liu Bang to the period of Emperor Cheng and Emperor Wai, exactly one hundred years or so have passed, and the style of writers during this period has not been static, but has been changing. However, taking into account their common characteristics, they still have the style of "Chu Ci", so throughout the Western Han Dynasty, Qu Yuan's influence has always existed.

After crossing the stage of decline of the Western Han Dynasty after Emperor Wai and Emperor Ping, it is only said that Liu Xiu, the Guangwu Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, is just a superstitious symbol variable in the study of Wei Wei, and it is not really to support the prosperity of literature and art. Despite this fact, during this period, Du Du was exempted from punishment due to the creation of "Wu Hanyi", and Ban Biao, a clerk, was promoted to a county order because of the drafting of the special edict of the chapter. It can be seen that although Emperor Guangwu did not openly recruit talents, he still appreciated and favored the literati. Subsequently, Emperor Ming and Emperor Zhang, the emperor actively respected Confucianism, on the one hand, they taught classical etiquette in the Biyong School, and on the other hand, they studied the longitude and latitude mathematics in the White Tiger Temple, so Ban Gu was able to concentrate on writing the "Book of Han", Jia Kui could create "Ode to the Divine Sparrow", and even Liu Cang, the king of the Middle East, was also keen to write songs to become famous, and Liu Fu, the king of Pei, was widely circulated. Under such an example of the Son of Heaven and the echo of the vassal king, the literati who entered the literary world became more and more ambitious and radiant. Since Emperor He, Emperor An, and then Emperor Shun and Emperor Huan, although it spans half a century, in less than a hundred years, a large number of doctors like Ban Gu, Fu Yi, Cui Chu, Cui Ming, Cui Wei, Wang Yanshou, Ma Rong, Zhang Heng, Cai Yong and other Hongru doctors who are proficient in scriptures and classics, because they each have representative works handed down, so I will not repeat them here. However, if we compare the entire academic atmosphere since the Eastern Han Dynasty with the Western Han Dynasty, the biggest difference between the latter and the former is that Confucianism completely dominates, which is the result of deliberate promotion in court lectures on the one hand, and Confucianism in social practice such as the election of officials. In the era of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Liu Hong, who liked literature, wrote books such as "Huangxi Chapter" by himself, and ordered the scholars of the world to gather "Hongdu Gate" to compete in talents, but Le Song (Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty's favorite ministers successively served as Hongdu Literature, Shizhong, Fengche Duwei) and others, but the selection was shallow people who suited their tastes, so at that time, Taiwei Yang Ci (the Eastern Han Dynasty's grandfather Yang Zhen's grandfather Yang Zhen's father Yang Bingjun to Taiwei) called these people like the bad guys "donkey" in Tang Yao's time, and Cai Yong compared them to the courtiers around the emperor. Therefore, the works of these so-called "talents" at that time had no artistic value at all.

When the Eastern Han Dynasty entered the era of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, the emperor himself was in a precarious situation, the whole society was in turmoil, and the literary atmosphere was also fluctuating. Until the last years of Emperor Xian'an, the situation in the world tended to be relatively balanced and temporarily stable. At this time, Cao Cao, the king of Wei, who was the prime minister of the Han Dynasty, loved to sing poetry; One of Cao Cao's sons, Cao Pi, the subsequent Emperor Wen of Wei, was critical to speculation and brilliant in writing; Cao Cao's other son, Chen Siwang Cao Zhi, is even more talented, not only exporting, but also dazzling. The three of them, father and son, were not only handsome and heroic, but also their artistic talents were even more dazzling, so they recruited a large number of celebrities at that time around their father and son. For example, Wang Cang came from Jingzhou in Hannan, Chen Lin descended from Yuan Shao in Hebei, Xu Gan joined the government in Qingzhou, and Liu Zhen accompanied him from Dongping; There is also Ying Yu who is good at using rich imagination, and Ruan Yu likes to show off his genius skills; In addition, people like Lu Cui, Fanqin, Handan Yanchun, Yang Xiu and others often surround each other, and everyone gathers together, or feasts and poems, or drinks and drinks with each other, chanting to each other as happy songs, and waving to each other to talk and laugh. Synthesizing the works of this period, the demeanor is elegant and impassioned, which should belong to the most prominent characteristics. The root cause of this is mainly that the society has been in turmoil for a long time, the people everywhere are struggling to make a living, and there are many grievances in their hearts, and the character of writers is often affectionate and long-lasting. When Emperor Wei Ming succeeded to the throne, Cao Rui had both Wei Wu and Emperor Wen's legacy, especially good at Yuefu tunes, and once convened literati to compete in the "Chongwen Temple", so He Yan, Liu Shao and others successively showed their talents. Among the young emperors who succeeded Cao Wei, only the noble townsman Cao Chao was handsome and elegant, and his works were not only bizarre and magnificent, but also had extraordinary vision. However, the so-called "Zhengshi Literature" that talks about metaphysics and retreat and has little desire was born at this time, and people such as Ji Kang, Ruan Ji, Ying Xuan, Miao Xi and others were active in the literary world.

After Cao Wei entered Sima Yi and took sole power, after Sima Shi and Sima Zhao succeeded to power, they did nothing in Confucianism, but were obsessed with conspiracy to usurp power. Emperor Sima Yan of the Jin Dynasty founded a new dynasty, although the world was unified and peaceful for a while, but in the issue of school education and cultural inheritance, it did not receive the attention of the imperial court. In the period of Emperor Huai of Jin and Emperor Chu, the emperor had a false name, and Wang Gang fell next to the ministers. However, although the emperors of the Western Jin Dynasty despised the creation of articles, the famous literati of this period were still brilliant. For example, Zhang Huafen's pen is like a pearl on the plate, and Zuo Si's swaying makes Luoyang paper expensive; Pan Yue and Xiahou Zhan, the two are famous and are likened to "a pair of jades", while Lu Ji and Lu Yun, brothers are versatile, and are evaluated as "two horses"; In addition, there are Ying Zhen, Fu Xuan, Zhang Zai, Zhang Xie, Zhang Kang, Sun Chu, Zhiyu, Cheng Gongsui and others, their works are more like flowers, each Chu Chu is moving. Later generations commented that the Western Jin Dynasty was mediocre, and it was difficult for literati and scholars to make the best use of their talents, and it was rare to have a good death...... Thinking about this, I can't help but sigh and pity!

After Emperor Sima Rui of the Jin Yuan Dynasty established the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he began to attach importance to culture and studied scriptures in the palace, so Liu Kui and Diao Xie were favored by the emperor for their knowledge of etiquette, and Guo Pu's quick thinking was promoted and reused. Emperor Sima Shao of the Jin Ming Dynasty was smart and wise, and loved literature, from the prince to the throne, studied the six arts and scriptures, was familiar with the edict and the text, and was proficient in the literary style of the speech, so Yu Liang was good at showing and being reused, and Wen Qiao was talented and graceful. Emperor Ming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty reigned, and he promoted the leadership style of literature and art, which was comparable to Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty. Subsequently, the reigns of Emperor Cheng of Jin, Emperor Kang, Emperor Mu and Emperor Wai were relatively short. Emperor Wen of Jin Jian was keen on culture, he was delicate and handsome, and he liked to gather literary friends to talk about metaphysics, so from this point on, the academic atmosphere of hypocrisy and exaggerated rhetoric filled the literary world. Emperor Xiaowu of Jin had no sons, and at that time there was a prophecy in the society that Jin Zuo was about to end, and then after Emperor An and Emperor Gong, the Eastern Jin Dynasty ended and perished. Looking back on this period of literati and scholars, such as Yuan Hong, Yin Zhongwen, Sun Sheng, Gan Bao and others, although their talents are uneven, they are still commendable in terms of personal achievements.

Since the Western Jin Dynasty, there were signs of retreat and mystery, and after the Eastern Jin Dynasty was partial to the left of the Anjiang River, it began to intensify, and it actually formed a kind of social customs and literary and artistic atmosphere at that time. Throughout the two Jin Dynasty eras, the people of the world were difficult and difficult, the court was mediocre and disorderly, and the sages were forced to be obscene, first from empty talk about right and wrong, and gradually evolved into a style of learning about the Tao of the Xuan, the result is that they can not jump out of the "Lao Tzu" like morality in poetry, but all the endowments must praise the "Zhuangzi" style of freedom. It can be seen that the change of literary and artistic styles is indeed inseparable from the limitations and narrowness of people's emotional gains and dislikes under the control of power at that time...... This has always been the case since ancient times, and it will remain so for thousands of years to come.

Emperor Wu of the Southern Song Dynasty Liu Yu (363-422 A.D. Nickname Jinu's ancestral home of Pengcheng County) liked literature, Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty Liu Yilong was elegant and graceful, and Emperor Xiaowu of the Song Dynasty Liu Jun was versatile. Turning to the era of Emperor Liu Yu of the Song and Ming dynasties, literature and art were declining. During the entire period of the Southern Dynasty Liu and Song dynasties (420-479 AD), despite being under the strict gate valve system, all kinds of talents still flocked to the scholars, and the ancestors of the time, such as the Wang surname and the Yuan surname, were extremely dazzling, and the artistic wonders in the surnames Yan and Xie were particularly eye-catching; Moreover, there are scholars and celebrities such as He Chengtian, Fan Ye, Zhang Fu, Shen Huaiwen, etc., there are too many to mention, and some of them are not only famous, but also famous to this day, so I will not repeat them.

Xiao Daocheng, the Taizu of the Southern Qi Dynasty (427-482 A.D., the name Shaobo, the nickname Doujiang, his ancestral home was Lanling County, Donghai County, reigned in 479-482), and he was ordered to reform the system, and the country was peaceful and peaceful; Emperor Xiao Zhen of Qi Gao inherited his father's business and ruled martial arts; Prince Wenhui is equipped with literary talents and martial arts, so since Qi Gaozong Xiao Luan, one by one emperor Ming Zhe and good fortune, only then can the world be blessed and bright, and the emperor is Hengtong. Since the succession of the saint today, culture and education have spread all over the world, the sea and the mountains have descended to auspiciousness, and talents from all walks of life have doubled, flying high in the sky like riding a dragon and a phoenix, and running thousands of miles like a horse. Their interpretation of the scriptures of ritual music seems to surpass the pomp and circumstance of Ji Zhou and Liu Han, and many excellent articles are comparable to the style of Tang Yao and Yu Shun...... With such a prosperous atmosphere and prosperous scene, if you are clumsy and clumsy like me, you really can't express it clearly! It's better to leave it to future generations, and then praise and sing.

All in all: in the ten generations of the article, the style of righteousness has moved nine times; The scriptures and classics are in the middle, and the emotions are turned over in vain. The quality of the text is easy to contain chapters, and the truth and darkness are due to the scepter; Mo sighs that there are many strange things in literature and history, and the artistic style is in front of him.