At present, there is a popular saying in the literary world, that is, "the pen is the pen" and "the text is the text". The meaning of this is that articles that do not pay attention to rhythm are called "pens", and those that are particular are regarded as "writing". Therefore, there is a distinction between "no rhyme for the pen" and "rhyme for the text".

From the origin of the article, the language symbols of the "pen inscriptions" that have been handed down are the cognitive expressions of human beings about all things in the world, and they are more fully and specifically inherited on the basis of "word of mouth". Since ancient times, people usually refer to some record symbols of knowledge inheritance as "words", "records", "articles" and other names, and according to the style characteristics of "words and sentences", they are roughly represented by the "Book of Songs" and "Shangshu", which are divided into two categories. The former is "a text with rhyme"; The latter is the "text without rhyme". However, the use of the two separate words "text" or "pen" to distinguish the category of articles is a modern thing.

During the Liu and Song dynasties of the Southern Dynasty, Yan Yanzhi (384-456 A.D., the word Yannian, the late Jin Dynasty, Linyi people, Zeng Mingguan, and Xie Lingyun at that time, and called Yan Xie) roughly had such remarks, "pen" generally refers to the physical use of words, only the "words" that originate from the argument can be called "Wen". He further illustrates that scriptures and classics belong to the text, not the pen; Genres such as biography are "pen", but they do not belong to "essays".

Isn't it a contradiction to analyze the above-mentioned Yan Yannian's overall distinction between the articles and his explanations of examples? Just take the "Wenyan Biography" of "Zhou Yi" as an example. "Wenyan Biography" is not only a "speech" of "originating theory", but also a brilliant literary style. If biographies like "Wenyan Biography" all belong to "pen" rather than "text", then what other styles of scriptures and classics can be called "wen"?

In my opinion, the export is the words in the chapter, and the record is the Han, revealing that morality is the scripture, and the interpretation of the scriptures belongs to the biography. As far as the article as a whole is concerned, whether it is a "classic" or a "biography", even if there is indeed a significant difference in genre, it is only an article that belongs to the "oral transcript". Therefore, the "pen" is the messenger of the "verbal article", but because in the process of recording and conveying, there are specific distinctions such as the length of the content, the amount of literary style, and the rhyme and non-rhyme. As for the "scriptures and classics", the reason why they can be indestructible and can be passed down through the ages. The root of this lies in the profound and mysterious truth they contain. What does this have to do with Yan Yannian's "words", "pen" and "text"?

Lu Ji of the Western Jin Dynasty declared in "Wen Fu" that he had personally analyzed the interests of writing articles "to the fullest". However, looking at the generalizations and all the things in "Wenfu", they are actually not comprehensive. Because of the easy mathematics, physics and chemistry of heaven, earth and earth, even after nine evolutions, although it has reached the extreme, it is not the exhaustion of moral changes. Therefore, any attempt to encompass all the styles of the article by illustrating by examples, and also to include all the main points of the characteristics, is an impossible goal.

Under normal circumstances, when the author convents an article, he is not only obsessed with the novelty of the genre and style, but also more enthusiastic about the richness of words and sentences. However, the vast majority of them are not only not good at delving into the existing style and style characteristics of previous articles, especially when writing about related articles, why they lead to success or failure, gains and losses, advantages and disadvantages, and so-called technical points, etc., but even rarely ask about them, or simply turn a deaf ear.

Needless to say, among the piles of jade, some must look like stones, and among the rare stones, some look like jade. In the same way, writers who are well-versed in the key features and elements of the essay tend to write short and concise, so their writings are usually not too long, while writers with little knowledge and talent will also write very short because they are unable to expand on long ones. In addition, the generally knowledgeable people like to be far-sighted and inevitably chatter, while those who are thoughtful and thoughtful often have long words because of the myriad of things. In addition, those who are good at thinking and understanding the realm, because they can go into simple terms, their writing can be natural, clear and easy to understand, but those who are short-sighted and superficial, although their demeanor and speech can only be like a dragonfly, but also give people a concise, distinct, and refined intuitive feeling. Therefore, the ancient and profound articles must be obscure, which makes some deliberately bizarre and perverse works look like classical scriptures. However, all the articles that are pretentious and mysterious are the most incapable of general research and scrutiny, and although their content is extensive and vast, they lack rhyme and literary brilliance; Even if the rhyme is smooth and coordinated, some are shallow and clumsy. In a similar situation, as a musical instrument, although the bell chime and bamboo have undergone strict pitch calibration, no matter how good and accurate the sound quality of the bell chime is, not any musician can play a beautiful movement; In the same way, although the sound of the piano can give people a wonderful feeling of harmony and melodiousness, the sound and melody they produce is not only the tone of the horned palace Shangyu. Therefore, Cao Pi once used playing music to compare the difficulty of the level of the article in his "Treatise on Classics", and such an analogy is not only appropriate and appropriate, but also vivid.

The common sense of human life, where it is not verified by the real thing, it is impossible to judge the bluntness of the knife and axe. As far as the overall classification and characteristic analysis of articles are concerned, if we do not deeply analyze the basic elements, key features and writing principles of different types of articles, it will certainly not be possible to inherit and sublimate the technical skills of artistic creation. The so-called technical sophistication and ability are meant to show that some people have grasped a certain nuanced truth that they are bound to win. Therefore, if there is no audit and evidence, if the verification is not accurate, how can the big coherence and small plot in artistic creation be fulfilled in the literary world?

Anyone who truly grasps all the key elements of the text, must be like a chess master, who still understands the rules of Go and plays calmly, they can not only control the overall trend, but also judge the gains and losses in time. On the other hand, if we do not pay attention to the principle of the whole and the key skill elements, and only write according to the literature of self-feeling and sentiment, it will be like rolling the dice in a game, all by chance and coincidence. However, there may be precedents for any success that relies on chance, but it is destined to be unsustainable, let alone sustainable. Once they encounter a lack of content in an article, they don't know how to add color and color, and if the content is too large, they don't know how to cut it. How can an author like this, who is overwhelmed by the amount of content, grasp the quality of an accurate article? If you can be a writer like a Go master, because they are well versed in mathematics has certain limitations and regularity, they not only have a plan in advance and are ready to be on call, but also follow the steps on the spot, step by step, especially agile to act on the spot, and never allow themselves to miss the opportunity; Once they have a turning point, they will be more engrossed, not only energetic like a dragon leaping and a tiger leaping, but also full of wisdom like riding the wind and waves. Whether as a spectator at that time, or a retrospective person in later generations, appreciating the creation of the works of the masters, the scene of swaying freely, the state of ambition, the whole picture is like a brocade painting beautiful, the beautiful sound is like silk and bamboo, if you taste it, it is sweet, and if you can wear it, it is fragrant. If you can achieve this kind of situation in artistic creation or article writing, it can be called the pinnacle.

Let's just talk about the writing of the article. Once you are familiar with and grasp all the styles and key elements of the article, what problems should you guard against in the future? In "Warring States Policy • Han Ce III", there is a "Although the horse is full of horses, he is jealous of the long." The story deliberately emphasizes that even if you have a horse with the quality of a thousand miles, you can't achieve the goal of galloping thousands of miles because of the leniency and severity of the reins. Looking at the types of so-called scriptures and classics in the past, they have been complex and diverse, and they are dizzying. However, among them, every article that can be called an artistic classic must complement and complement each other between the characteristics of the art format and the elements of technical content, and only when the two are properly matched can the merit of the text be perfected; If the two are not properly matched, even if they are not tired and scattered because of the lack of a certain aspect, they will definitely cause scabies to be cumbersome; If you have to dig into the reason, in fact, it is like making a stable and strong wheel, thirty spokes may not always achieve the best effect, but it is the basic guarantee of the performance of the general wheel. Using the efficacy of wheels and spokes as a metaphor for the relationship between the overall classification and the key elements in writing can be regarded as my personal shallow opinion.

All in all: the literary world relies on the end of the pen, and the sharpening of the edge must be intensively studied; The trick is always magic, and it is difficult to get around without rules. The overall unique number is infinite, and the technique must be reasonable and unbiased; Mo sighs that there are thousands of spring flowers, and the autumn is natural.