Chapter 5:

1. High school Chinese common test literature knowledge

1. Author's works:

1. Eight masters of the Tang and Song dynasties: Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi, Zeng Gong

2. Also called "Han Liu" are Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan, who are the advocates of the ancient literary movement in the Tang Dynasty. ­

3. A father and son three-word guest: Su Xun (Lao Su), Su Shi (Da Su), Su Zhe (Xiao Su). ­

4. Bold lyricists: Su Shi, Xin Qiji, and called "Su Xin"; Graceful lyricist: Li Qingzhao (female lyricist)

5, Li Du: Li Bai, Du Fu. Xiao Li Du: Li Shangyin, Du Mu. ­

6. Qu Yuan: The earliest great poet in China, he created the new poetic style of "Chu Ci" and created the romantic style of Chinese poetry. ­

7. Confucius Mingqiu, the word Zhongni, a native of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period, he was the founder of Confucianism, known as "Confucian Sage", Mencius was called "Yasheng", and the two were called "Confucius and Mencius". ­

8. Su Shi praised Wang Wei for "There are paintings in poems, and poems in paintings." ”­

9. Du Fu is a great realist poet of the Tang Dynasty, whose poems reflect the social reality extensively and profoundly, and are known as "poetry history", Du Fu is also respected as a "poet saint", and there are famous "three officials": "Tongguan Officials", "Stone Trench Officials", "Xin'an Officials"; "Three farewells": "Farewell to the Newlyweds", "Farewell to the Elderly", "Farewell to the Homeless". ­

10. China's first general history of biography is "Historical Records" (also known as "Taishi Gongshu"), the author is Sima Qian of the Han Dynasty, Lu Xun called "Historical Records" "the swan song of historians, and the rhymeless "Lisao", there are: 12 books, 30 families, 70 biographies, 10 tables, 8 books, a total of 130 articles. ­

11. "Four History": "Historical Records", "Book of Han", "Book of the Later Han", "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms". ­

12, Yuanqu four masters: Guan Hanqing, Zheng Guangzu, Bai Pu, Ma Zhiyuan. ­

13, "Strange Tales from Liaozhai" is China's first collection of excellent literary short stories, the author is the famous Qing Dynasty novelist Pu Songling. "Liao Zhai" is the name of his bookstore, "Zhi" is a narrative, and "Strange" is a strange thing. ­

14. Four masters of calligraphy: Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Ouyang Xun, Zhao Meng (fǔ)

15. The main schools and representatives of the hundred schools of thought during the Warring States Period:

Confucianism: Confucius Mencius

Legalist: Han Feizi

Taoism: Zhuangzi, Liezi

Mojia: Mozi

Click to view: 2018 College Entrance Examination Chinese Essential Literature Knowledge

16, the four masters of the Southern Song Dynasty: Lu You, Yang Wanli, Fan Chengda, You Yuan

17. Biansai poets: Gao Shi, Cen Shen, Wang Changling

18, Tang Zong: Tang Taizong Li Shimin Song Zu: Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin Qin Huang: Qin Shi Huang Yingzheng Han Wu: Han Wu Emperor Liu Che

19. The first pastoral poet in my country was Tao Yuanming (Tao Qian) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, who "did not bend his waist for five buckets of rice". ­

20. The four misers in world literature: Grande, Sherlock, Pyoshikin, and Abagon. ­

21. A typical example of a miser in China: a strict prison student. ­

2. The Best of Chinese Literature:

The earliest collection of poems is the Book of Songs; ­

The earliest patriotic poet was Qu Yuan; ­

The earliest pastoral poet was Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty; ­

The earliest and most outstanding Biansai poets were Gao Shi and Cen Shen of the Tang Dynasty; ­

The most outstanding lyricist of the ancient school was Su Shi of the Northern Song Dynasty; ­

The most outstanding female lyricist in ancient times was Li Qingzhao of the Southern Song Dynasty; ­

The most famous patriotic poet in ancient times was Xin Qiji of the Southern Song Dynasty; ­

The greatest romantic poet of antiquity was Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty; ­

The greatest realist poet of antiquity was Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty; ­

The patriotic poet who wrote the most poems in ancient times was Lu You of the Southern Song Dynasty; ­

The most famous mythological novel in ancient times was "Journey to the West" by Wu Chengen in the Ming Dynasty; ­

The most famous historical novel in ancient times was Luo Guanzhong's "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" in the early Ming Dynasty;

The earliest novel written about the peasant uprising in ancient times was "Water Margin" by Shi Nai'an in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty; ­

The greatest realist novel of antiquity was "Dream of the Red Chamber" by Cao Xueqin in the Qing Dynasty; ­

The most outstanding satirical novel of antiquity is Wu Jingzi's "The Outer History of Confucianism" in the Qing Dynasty; ­

The most outstanding collection of literary short stories in ancient times is "Strange Tales from Liao Zhai" by Pu Songling in the Qing Dynasty; ­

The earliest prose in quotation style in ancient times was the Analects; ­

The earliest chronicle of antiquity is the Zuo Chuan; ­

The earliest general history of ancient times is the Records of the Historians; ­

The most outstanding inscription in ancient times is Liu Yuxi's "Burrow Inscription" in the Tang Dynasty; ­

The greatest modern writer is Lu Xun; ­

The most outstanding novel of modern times is Mao Dun's "Midnight"; ­

The most influential collection of short stories in modern times is Lu Xun's The Scream. ­

3. Cultural knowledge:

1. Four heroes of the early Tang Dynasty: Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Lu Zhaolin, Luo Bin Wang. ­

2. Three Kingdoms: Wei, Shu, and Wu. ­

3. "Four Classical Masterpieces": "Dream of Red Mansions", "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Water Margin", "Journey to the West". ­

4. "Four Folk Tales": "The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl", "Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai", "Meng Jiangnu", "The Legend of the White Snake". ­

5. The world's four great short story masters: Chekhov, Maupassant, Mark Twain, O. Henry. ­

6. Su Shi's prose represents the highest achievement of Northern Song Dynasty prose, and his poems are called "Su Huang" together with Huang Tingjian. ­

7, Ma Zhiyuan's masterpiece "Tianjingsha Autumn Thought", known as "the ancestor of autumn thought". ­

8. Cao Xueqin "read for ten years, added and deleted five times" to create the greatest realist work of China's classical novels, "Dream of the Red Chamber" (also known as "The Story of the Stone"), which has been widely circulated and deeply loved by people since its publication, and has also appeared a special study of the book - "Red Studies", "Red Studies" has now become an important topic in the study of world literature. ­

9. Lu Xun is the founder of modern Chinese literature, and Chen Yi is known as the "marshal poet"; ­

Zang Kejia is known as the "soil poet" because most of his poems are rural themes; ­

Tian Yi is known as the "drummer of the times" (drum poet). ­

10. Three friends of the cold year: pine, bamboo, plum. ­

11. Four gentlemen in flowers: plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum. ­

12. Four friends of literati: piano, chess, calligraphy, painting. ­

13. The four treasures of the study: pen, ink, paper, inkstone. ­

14. The Four Libraries: Sutra, History, Sub, and Collection. ­

15. The "six meanings" of the Book of Songs refer to: wind, elegance, song (classification), endowment, comparison, and xing (expression). ­

16. Tang poems, Song poems, Yuan songs, Ming and Qing novels. ­

17. Crown, leader, top, win, win: first. ­

18. Three Programs and Five Constants: "Three Programs": Father is the son, the monarch is the minister, and the husband is the wife; "Five constants": benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith. ­

19. The "Four Books" and "Five Classics" are the main classics of Confucianism: the "Four Books" are the Analects, Mencius, the Mean, and the University; The "Five Classics" refer to "Poems", "Books", "Rites", "Yi" and "Spring and Autumn". ­

20. Three Emperors: Emperor of Heaven, Emperor of Earth, Emperor of Man or Fuxi, Nuwa, Shennong; ­

Five Emperors: Yellow Emperor, Zhuan Xuan, Emperor Yu, Tang Yao, Yu Shun. ­

21. Hardware: gold, silver, copper, iron, tin. ­

22. Five flavors: sour, sweet, bitter, spicy, salty. ­

23. Five elements: metal, wood, water, fire, and earth. ­

24. "Yongzi Eight Methods" means that the word "Yong" has: point, horizontal, vertical, apostrophe, pinch, fold, hook, and eight kinds of strokes. ­

25. In ancient times, schools had the names of Zhen, Xu, Taixue, etc., and the highest institution of learning in the Ming and Qing dynasties was Guozijian. ­

26. Three Religions and Nine Streams: "Three Religions": Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism; "Nine streams": Confucianism, Taoism, Yin and Yang, Legalism, Celebrity, Moism, Vertical and Horizontal Family, Miscellaneous Family, and Peasant Family. ­

27. Ancient imperial examinations (from the Sui Dynasty to the Ming and Qing dynasties):

A child examination, also called "child examination", candidates regardless of age are called children, after passing the qualification of students (Xiucai, Xianggong), so that they can participate in the imperial examination. ­

B Township Examination, the Ming and Qing dynasties held an examination every three years in the provincial capitals of the provinces, participated by Xiucai, the examination is called Juren, the first is called Xie (jiè) member. ­

C will be examined, the Ming and Qing dynasties held an examination every three years in the capital, the provinces of the lifting and the national supervisor can take the exam, admit 300 tributes, the first is called Huiyuan. ­

The D palace examination is the highest level of the imperial examination system, and the emperor is in the palace court, and the tributes admitted to the examination are personally questioned to determine the first rank. Admission is divided into three grades: the first and third, given the title of "Jinshi and the first", the first name champion (Ding Yuan), the second name Bangyan, the third name Tanhua, collectively known as the "three top tripods"; A number of second-class names are given the title of "Jinshi Origin"; A number of top three names were given the title of "born with Jinshi". ­

The official imperial examination is held once a year, and the place is in the prefecture (state) county, and the candidates are Confucian and Tongsheng, and they are famous and talented

Township test, the time is once every three years (autumn), the location is the provincial capital, the examinee shows his talent, and the first place to obtain the fame (lifting people) is Xie Yuan

The examination, the time is once every three years (spring), the location of the Ministry of Rites (Beijing), the examinee lifts people, and the first person to obtain the merit (Gongshi) is Huiyuan

The palace test, after the time will be examined in April of the same year, the location of the palace, the examinee Gongshi, the top three who obtained the merit (Jinshi) are the champion, the list eye, and the flower

The official classification of imperial examinations: township examination, general examination, and palace examination. ­

Lian Deng Sanjia (Sanyuan and No.): Xie Yuan - Hui Yuan - Champion Ancient Imperial Examination. ­

4. Verses and People:

(1) Three visits to the world, two dynasties to help the hearts of the old ministers. - Zhuge Liang

(2) Die before leaving the school, which makes the hero cry. - Zhuge Liang

(3) A teacher is a true name in the world, who can be compared to the middle of the world for a thousand years. - Zhuge Liang

(4) It is known that the world is divided into three parts, and it is still exhaustive to seek teachers. - Zhuge Liang

(5) Righteousness is not alike, and the righteousness is left in the sky; Sad and angry, he wrote a letter to the history of the world. - Sima Qian

(6) On the grinding stone between the hops, leaning on the sword and hanging the bow Fusang. - Li Bai

(7) Poets through the ages, Penglai articles build an bone; A proud body, a Qinglian monk is an immortal. - Li Bai

(8) Weng has been gone for 800 years, and the drunken hometown is still there; The mountain travels six or seven miles, and the pavilion shadow is not lonely. - Ouyang Xiu

(9) The iron plate copper pipa followed the east slope and sang the great river to the east, and the beautiful celery was sad and the Southern Song Dynasty Mo flew south with the wild goose. - Xin Qiji

(10) The world is devastated and the sage in the poem; The suffering of the world, the bottom of the pen is turbulent. - Du Fu

There is still righteousness in the world, and the heart of Dan will always be left according to the past and the present. - Wen Tianxiang

Ponder deeply, hold high the white and loyal, and the eternal sad wind on the Miluo River. - Qu Yuan

The lakes and mountains on all sides are in sight, and thousands of families are happy in their hearts. - Fan Zhongyan

The great river has been in the past few generations, and all the waves have rushed together to sweep away the heroes of the ages; The word garden has been in full bloom for thousands of years, and a daughter flower is blooming. - Li Qingzhao

The translation has not yet been written, and I am shocked to hear about the meteors, who in China will lead the shout? Mr. has been an ancient, reminiscing about the old rain, and the literary world has been hesitant since then. - Lu Xun

Mao Zedong called Zhu Ziqing: "A person who does not bend his waist for five buckets of rice." ”­

Lenin praised Gorky: "the most outstanding representative of proletarian art." ”­

The embodiment of ballet: Ulanova. ­

Kwan Hanqing is known as: "The Shakespeare of the East". ­

5. One-sentence commentary:

(1) "Romance of the Three Kingdoms": The text is not very deep, and the words are not very vulgar. ­

(2) "Dream of Red Mansions": Every word seems to be blood, and ten years of hard work is unusual. (Cao Xueqin)

(3) "Mengxi Writings": the coordinates in the history of Chinese science and technology. (Needham)

(4) Enter the Dragon: "Romance of the Three Kingdoms"

(5) The Emperor's Mirror: "Zizhi Tongjian"

(6) Timeless rhetoric: "Warring States Policy"

(7) The Immortal Art of War: The Art of War

(8) Funeral Song of the Old Era: "Camel Xiangzi"

6. Human Titles:

(1) Words: When I was young, I named it by my father's elders, and when I was an adult (20 males, 15 females), I took the word Shen Dehong, the word Yanbing, and the word Lu Xun Yucai. ­

(2) Title: Generally only used for self-proclaim, to show a certain interest or express a certain emotion, there is no age limit, such as Li Bai Qinglian Jushi, Bai Juyi Xiangshan Jushi, Li Qingzhao Yi'an Jushi. ­

(3) Titles: Ancient princes and generals, high-ranking officials, famous scribes, etc., were added after their deaths, such as Fan Zhongyan was called Wenzheng, and Ouyang Xiu was called Wenzhong. ­

(4) Calling the place of origin: named after the person's place of origin, such as Meng Haoran called Meng Xiangyang, and Liu Zongyuan is also called Liu Hedong. ­

(5) Official name: named after the person's official name, such as Du Fu called Du Gongbu. ­

(6) Calling the official land: named after the place where the person is the official. Such as Cen Shen: Cen Jiazhou Liu Zongyuan is called Liu Liuzhou

(7) Ancient emperors bestowed titles (titles) on nobles and meritorious heroes: duke, marquis, uncle, son, male (fifth class)

7. Humility:

1. Self-proclaimed: foolish, unscrupulous, humble, minister, servant

2. The emperor calls himself: lonely, widowed, and me

3. Ancient officials called themselves: lower officials, last officials, and minor officials

4. Scholars call themselves: small students, late students, late learners, not talented, not good

5. The ancients called their relatives and friends a family or house: such as father, mother, brother, brother, sister, nephew

6. Other words of self-humility:

The Elder Himself Says: Above

The younger generation calls himself: in the next

The old man called himself: old decay, old man

Woman self-modest: concubine

8. Honorific Titles:

1. To the emperor: Long live, the Holy One, the Son of Heaven, the Holy Driver, Your Majesty, and the Great King

2. To the general: under his command

3. For the other party or the other party's relatives, the honorific title is ordered, respected, and virtuous

Order: Ling Zun (the other party's father) Ling Tang (the other party's mother) Ling Brother (the other party's brother) Ling Lang (the other party's son) Ling Ai (the other party's daughter)

Zun: Used to refer to people and things related to each other. ­

Zunshang (the other party's parents) respects the father, respects the king, and respects the house (the other party's father)

Zundo (the other party's mother) Zun Qin (the other party's relatives) Zunmei (the other party's command) Zunyi (the other party's meaning)

Xian: Called a junior or junior. ­

Hyunjia (referring to the other party) Hyunro (the other party's son) Hyun brother (the other party's younger brother)

Ren: Calling the person who is older than himself among his peers and friends a benevolent brother. Calling a person of high status is benevolent. ­

4. Call the old man a zhang, a zhang. After the Tang Dynasty, he called his father-in-law his father-in-law, also known as Mount Tai. The wife and mother are the mother-in-law, also known as Taishui. ­

5. The precedent of the title is "first" and is used to refer to a person of high status or an older person. ­

Called the dead father: first exam, first father. ­

Called the dead mother: Xianyu, Xianci. ­

Dead virtuous men: the sages. ­

Dead Emperor: The First Emperor. ­

6. Jun respectfully addresses his ministers: Qing, Aiqing. ­

7. For people with noble character and superior wisdom, "Confucius" is "sage", "Mencius" is "sub-sage", "Du Fu" is "poetry sage", and later "sage" is mostly used for emperors, such as "sage" and "sage". ­

9. Special Titles:

1. The title of the people: cloth, Li people, common people, common people, and hooligans. ­

2. Bo (Meng) Zhong Shuji: The order of the eldest and youngest among the brothers. ­

Bo (Meng) is the eldest, Zhong is the second, Uncle is the third, and Ji is the fourth. ­

3. Titles between different friendships:

Poor friends: Friends made when they were cheap and of low status. ­

Jinlan Friends: Friendship is compatible, like a brother's friend. ­

Friends of the neck: friends who live and die together and share hardships. ­

Friends who forget their years: Friends with different generations and large age differences. ­

Friends of bamboo horses: Friends of the opposite sex who grew up together. ­

Friends of Cloth: Friends who socialize as civilians. ­

Friends in distress: Friends formed in times of tribulation. ­

4. Title of age:

Drooping: three or four years old - eight or nine years old. ­

Total horn: eight or nine years old - thirteen or fourteen years old. ­

Cardamom: thirteen or fourteen years old - fifteen or sixteen years old (metaphorically people are still minors, and the juvenile years of minors are called "cardamom years"). ）­

Weak crown: 20 years old. ­

Erli: 30 years old. ­

Not confused: 40 years old. ­

Knowing the Destiny of Heaven: 50 years old. ­

Sixtieth year. ­

Gu Xi: 70 years old. ­

Elderly: 80 years old, 90 years old. ­

Period: 100 years old. ­

10. Appointment and removal of official positions in ancient times:

1. Relocation: transfer, transfer, generally refers to promotion; If you move to the left, you will be demoted or transferred. ­

2. Demotion and transfer. ­

3. Worship: Conferring official positions. ­

4. Conferment: Conferring official positions. ­

5. Promotion: selection and promotion. ­

6. Except: Remove the old position and appoint a new position. ­

7. Strike: Recall and suspension. ­

8. Exemption: Exemption from official positions. ­

9. Dethroned: deposed, degraded, and also used to deprive the throne or the crown prince of the right of inheritance. ­

11. Geography:

1. Yin: Shanbei Water Nanyang: Shannan Shuibei

2. Left: East is left and right: West is right. ­

3. River: Yellow River. Jiang: Yangtze River

4. Five Mountains: Mount Tai (East), Mount Heng (South), Mount Hua (West), Mount Heng (North), Mount Songshan (Middle)

5. Four famous mountains of Buddhism: Wutai Mountain, Jiuhua Mountain, Emei Mountain, and Putuo Mountain. ­

6. Liuhe: six directions: heaven, earth, east, south, west and north. ­

7. Eight wildernesses: east, southeast, south, southwest, west, northwest, north, northeast eight directions. ­

8. Ancient names of China: Kyushu, Shenzhou, Chixian, Huaxia, Jiutu, Zhonghua, and Huaxia. ­

9. The names of important towns, ancient and modern. ­

Suzhou: Gusu

Chengdu: Jinguan City

Nanjing: Jinling, Jianye, Jiankang, Danyang, Jiangning, Baixia, Shicheng. ­

Yangzhou: Weiyang, Yangcheng, Huaishang, Jiangdu, Guangling. ­

Beijing: Dadu, Yanjing, Shenjing. ­

Kaifeng: Daliang, Bianliang, Tokyo. ­

Zhenjiang: Jingkou. ­

Hangzhou: Lin'an, Wulin, Qiantang. ­

10. Another name for some cities in China. ­

Kunming - Spring City

Suzhou – The Venice of China

Chongqing - mountain city, fog city

Lhasa – Sunshine City

Guangzhou - Flower City, Yangcheng, Five Rams

Xuzhou - Pengcheng

11. The "three furnaces" on the Yangtze River: Chongqing, Wuhan and Nanjing. ­

12. Astronomical Part:

1. The Big Dipper, also known as the Big Dipper, is a bucket-shaped (spoon-shaped) seven bright stars arranged in the northern sky in the morning, the North Star, and the symbol of the northern sky. ­

2. Leap year, divided by 4 or 100 by the lunar year (00 divided by 100), the year that is divisible is the leap year. ­

3. Twenty-four solar terms: (see dictionary solar terms song)

4. Traditional festivals. ­

Shangyuan, that is, the Lantern Festival, the fifteenth day of the first month. ­

Cold food, 2 or 3 days before Qingming. ­

Chongyang, the ninth day of September. ­

The Dragon Boat Festival, the fifth day of the fifth month of May, is to commemorate Qu Yuan. ­

Mid-Autumn Festival, August 15. ­

5. Chronology. ­

(1) A.D. chronology. ­

(2) Emperor, year name chronology, the fourth spring of the Qingli calendar. ­

(3) Chronology of the Sexagenary Branch, the Stems: A, B, C, D, E, G, G, XIN, NON, and Dec. ­

Earthly branches: Zi, Chou, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu, Hai. ­

(Sexagenary Chronology):

Heavenly stems: A, B, C, D, E, H, G, XIN, NON, and Dec. ­

(except 10) 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9., 0, 1, 2, 3

Earthly branches: Zi, Chou, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu, Hai

(except 12) 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9., 10, 11, 0, 1, 2, 3

Calculation method: divide the Gregorian calendar year by 10, and the remainder is the order of the heavenly stems. ­

Divide the Gregorian calendar year by 12, and the remainder is the order of the earthly branches. ­

For example, in 1919, when calculating the lunar year and the heavenly stem, divide the year 1919 by 10, the remainder is 1, and the table "1" is "Xin"; When calculating the land branch, divide the year 1919 by 12, the remainder is 3, and the table "3" is "Hai", then 1919 is the year of "Xinhai", so the "Xinhai Revolution" occurred in 1919. ­

6. Month method (uncommon, omitted). ­

7. Chronological method. ­

On the fifteenth or sixteenth day of the first lunar month (the fifteenth day of the small month, the sixteenth day of the big month).

8. Discipline and time law. ­

Sunrise 5-7

Eating time 7-9

9-11 in the corner

Mid-day 11-13

Sunrise 13-15

Aw.D. 15-17

Day 17-19

Twilight 19-21

Humans 21-23

Midnight 23-1

Rooster crow 1-3

Pingdan 3-5

2. Common knowledge of literature in high school Chinese textbooks

Compulsory 1: General Knowledge of Literature

1, "Rain Alley" Dai Wangshu: the leader of the "modernist" poets in the 30s. Because of his famous works, he has won the reputation of "Rain Lane Poet".

2, "Farewell to Kangqiao" Xu Zhimo: modern poet, essayist, representative of the "Crescent Poetry School".

3, "Dayan River - My Nanny" Ai Qing: A famous modern poet, known as "an outstanding national poet."

”。

4, "Zuo Biography": formerly known as "Zuo's Spring and Autumn Biography", also known as "Spring and Autumn Zuo's Biography". It is together with "The Legend of the Ram in the Spring and Autumn Period" and "The Legend of the Liang in the Spring and Autumn Valley" and is called the "Three Legends of the Spring and Autumn Period". It is the first chronicle of our country with a detailed narrative. According to legend, it was made by Zuo Qiu Ming, a historian of the Lu State in the late Spring and Autumn Period.

5. "Warring States Policy": A country-specific history book edited and edited by the Western Han scholar Liu Xiang.

6. "Historical Records" is the first general history of China, which narrates the history of about 3,000 years from the legendary Yellow Emperor to the first four years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. There are 130 chapters in the book, including 12 articles in the present book, 30 articles in the family, 70 biographies, 8 books, and 10 tables, with a total of 526,500 words. Lu Xun praised it as "the swan song of the historian, the rhyme of the separation".

Sima Qian: The character is long, and he is a famous historian, writer and thinker of the Western Han Dynasty.

7, "In Memory of Liu He Zhenjun" Lu Xun: formerly known as Zhou Shuren,

China's great modern writers, thinkers and revolutionaries. He was also the founder of the New Literary Movement.

8, "Puppy Brother" Ba Jin: Formerly known as Li Yaotang, the word Fu Gan. His main works include the novels "Love Trilogy" ("Fog", "Rain", "Electricity"), the Torrent Trilogy ("Home", "Spring", "Autumn"), "Perdition", etc., the novella "Cold Night", etc., as well as the essay collection "Caprice". He is a famous modern writer in our country.

9. "A Speech by Mr. Liang Rengong" Liang Shiqiu: A famous modern essayist.

10, "Body Worker" Xia Yan: A famous modern playwright. Main works: "Sai Jinhua", "Under the Eaves of Shanghai", "*** Bacteria" and other drama scripts.

Compulsory 2: General Knowledge of Literature

1, "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond" Zhu Ziqing: modern writer and scholar. Main works: essay collection "Back", "Trace", "European Travel Miscellaneous"

2, "Autumn in the Ancient Capital" Yu Dafu: modern novelist and essayist. His main works include "Sinking", "Spring Breeze Drunk Night" and so on.

3, "The Prisoner of Green" Lu Li: modern prose writer and translator.

4. "Book of Songs": It is the earliest collection of poetry in China. Compiled in the Spring and Autumn Period, a total of 305 articles, also known as "Three Hundred Poems". It is the source of the poetic realism tradition in our country. According to the system, the Book of Songs is divided into three categories: "wind", "elegance" and "song". The main writing techniques are endowment, comparison, and xing.

Fu: Lay out the facts.

Comparison: To use other things as a metaphor for this thing, that is, to make an analogy.

Xing: to preface other things in order to arouse the words of the chant, that is, to describe other things first to arouse the main topic.

5, "Chu Ci": edited by Liu Xiang in the Han Dynasty, and "Book of Songs" are called "Feng and Sao"

。 "Wind and commotion" are the sources of the two fine traditions of realism and romanticism in the history of Chinese poetry.

Qu Yuan: A native of Chu at the end of the Warring States Period, an outstanding politician and patriotic poet.

6. "Nineteen Ancient Poems": Selected from Xiao Tong's "Anthology" of the Southern Dynasty, a selection of five-character poems by literati in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. It is known as the "crown of five words".

7, "Tanka Xing" Cao Cao: a famous politician, military strategist, and representative of Jian'an poets in the Han and Wei dynasties.

8, "Returning to the Garden and Pastoral Home" Tao Yuanming: Nicknamed Mr. Jingjie, self-named Mr. Wuliu. The great poet of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he created the pastoral poetry style, is the first pastoral poet in the history of Chinese literature, and his representative works include "Words of Return", "The Biography of Mr. Wuliu", "Drinking" and so on.

9, "Red Cliff Fu" Su Shi: Zizhan, No. Dongpo layman. Northern Song Dynasty writer, calligrapher and painter, together with his father Su Xun and younger brother Su Zhe, known as the "Three Sus", one of the eight masters of the Tang and Song dynasties.

10, "The Story of Wandering Bao Chan Mountain" Wang Anshi: Northern Song Dynasty politician, thinker, and writer.

Compulsory 3: General Knowledge of Literature

1, "Dream of Red Mansions": formerly known as "The Story of Stones", a total of 120 times, Cao Xueqin wrote the first 80 times, and Gao He continued to write the last 40 times. It is the most outstanding realist work in ancient Chinese novels and an encyclopedia of feudal society.

Cao Xueqin: Mingzhan, the word Mengruan, the number Xueqin, Qinpu, Qinxi.

2, "The Old Man and the Sea" Hemingway: American novelist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954.

The novels: "The Sun Also Rises", "Farewell, Arms", and "For Whom the Bell Tolls" have become the main masterpieces of the "lost generation" in the United States.

3, "Shu Dao Difficult" Li Bai: The word is too white, and the number is Qinglian monk. The most outstanding poet of the Tang Dynasty is also another great romantic poet in the history of Chinese literature after Qu Yuan. is as famous as Du Fu, known as "Li Du".

4, Du Fu: The word is beautiful, self-named Shaoling Ye Lao, known as Du Gongbu. There is a "Du Gong Department Collection". A great realist poet in the history of Chinese literature. His poetic style was somber and frustrated. People call Du Fu's poems "poetry history" and praise Du Fu as being

"Poetry Saint".

5, "Pipa Xing" Bai Juyi: The word Lotte, the number Xiangshan layman. An outstanding realist poet of the Tang Dynasty, he advocated the "New Yuefu Movement".

6. Li Shangyin: Poet of the late Tang Dynasty. The word Yishan, the number Yusheng. There is "Li Yishan's Poetry Collection". and Du Mu are called "Little Li Du".

7. Mencius: It is a quotation-style work edited by Mencius and his disciples, with a total of 7 articles, including Mencius's political activities, political doctrines, philosophy, ethics, and educational thoughts.

Mencius: Mingke, Ziyu, Zou people during the Warring States Period. He is another important representative of Confucianism after Confucius, and is later called "Yasheng".

8, "Xunzi" Xunzi: famous, a native of Zhao at the end of the Warring States Period, a thinker, and an educator. He was the last representative of Confucianism in the pre-Qin period.

9, "On the Passage of Qin" Jia Yi: known as Jia Taifu, Jia Changsha, also known as Jia Sheng. He was an outstanding political commentator and writer in the Western Han Dynasty.

10, "Shi Said" Han Yu: The word retreats, known as "Han Changli", an essayist and poet in the Tang Dynasty. and Liu Zongyuan are the same as the Tang Dynasty's "ancient literature movement."

The advocate of the Ming Dynasty listed him as the head of the "Eight Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". He is the author of "The Collected Works of Mr. Chang Li".

Compulsory 4: General Knowledge of Literature

1, "Dou E's Injustice" Guan Hanqing: Ji Zhaisuo, a native of Dadu at the end of the Jin Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, is the earliest great dramatist in the history of Chinese literature. Together with Zheng Guangzu, Bai Pu and Ma Zhiyuan, they are known as the "Four Masters of Yuanqu". His works mainly include "Dou E's Injustice", "Saving the Wind and Dust", "Wangjiang Pavilion", "Single Knife Meeting" and so on.

2, "Thunderstorm" Cao Yu: formerly known as Wan Jiabao, an outstanding playwright in my country. His main works are "Thunderstorm", "Sunrise", "Wilderness" and "Pekingese".

3. "Hamlet" Shakespeare: a great dramatist and poet of the English Renaissance, the most outstanding representative of humanism, and one of the founders of modern European literature.

Four tragedies: "Hamlet", "Othello", "King Lear", "Macbeth"

4. Words: also known as song words, poems, long and short sentences. According to the number of words in each tone, the predecessors called them "small order", "middle tone" or "long tone". The two paragraphs of the word are respectively called upper and lower pieces or upper and lower rhymes. According to the content and style of writing, the words are divided into the bold school (the representative figures are mainly Su Shi and Xin Qiji), and the graceful school (the representative figures are mainly Liu Yong and Li Qingzhao).

5, Liu Yong: The word Qiqing, the first name has changed three times, and he is a famous lyricist in the Northern Song Dynasty.

6, Xin Qiji: The word You'an, the number of crops, the great patriotic poet of the Southern Song Dynasty; and Su Shi are called "Su Xin"; The main work is "Jiaxuan Long and Short Sentences".

7, Li Qingzhao: A famous female lyricist in the Song Dynasty, known as Yi'an Jushi.

Representative works: "Like a Dream Order", "A Cut of Plum", "Drunken Flower Yin", "Slow Voice"

8. "The Biography of Su Wu" is selected from the "Book of Han": it is the first chronicle of the dynastic history in China.

Bangu: Meng Jian, a famous historian and writer of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

9. "The Biography of Zhang Heng" is selected from the Book of the Later Han Dynasty: The History of the Chronicles. From Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty to Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty. The book includes 10 epochs, 10 chronicles, and 80 biographies, with a total of 100 chapters.

Fan Ye: The word Weizong, a native of the Southern Song Dynasty, a historian.

Compulsory 5 General Knowledge of Literature

1. "Lin Jiaotou Fengxue Mountain Temple": Selected from China's first long-form novel "Water Margin" describing the peasant uprising.

Shi Nai'an: Novelist in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasty.

2. "The Man in the Suit": from "Selected Novels of Chekhov".

Chekhov: A great Russian critical realist writer at the end of the 19th century, a famous playwright, and a giant of the world's short stories.

3. Shen Congwen: Modern writer. Representative work: "Border City".

4, "Words of Return": Words: endowed with one.

Tao Yuanming: Poet of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

5, "Preface to the Pavilion of King Teng": selected from "Prince Anji".

Wang Bo: A writer of the early Tang Dynasty, the head of the "Four Masters of the Early Tang Dynasty".

Four heroes of the early Tang Dynasty: Wang Bo, Luo Bin Wang, Yang Jiong, Lu Zhaolin

6. "Getaway": Excerpt from "Zhuangzi Getaway"

"Zhuangzi": Written by Zhuangzi and his disciples and later scholars.

Zhuangzi: Ming Zhou, a thinker in the middle of the Warring States period.

7. "Chen Qing Table": Table - a kind of document presented to the emperor by his subordinates in ancient times.

Li Mi: Jin Dynasty writer.

8. Zhu Guangqian: Modern writer and literary theorist.

9, Qian Zhongshu: Modern writer, representative work: "The Siege of the City".

Compulsory 1~5 Compulsory Classics Guide to Literary Knowledge

Compulsory 1:

1. "Analects": Written during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it is a book that records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples. It embodies Confucius's ideas on politics, ethics, philosophy, education, etc., and is the most important classic work of Confucianism.

Confucius: Mingqiu, the name Zhongni, a great thinker and educator in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and the founder of Confucianism.

2. "David Copperfield": a semi-autobiographical" novel.

Charles Dickens: English novelist. Representative works include "Old Antique Shop", "Hard Times", "A Tale of Two Cities" and "Great Expectations".

Compulsory 2:

1. "Torrent Trilogy": "Home", "Spring" and "Autumn" three novels.

Ba Jin: A modern novelist, his representative works include "Home" and "Cold Night"

2. "Notre Dame de Paris": Hugo's masterpiece of novels. It embodies the principle of "contrast between beauty and ugliness".

Victor Hugo: The great French romantic writer of the 19th century. Representative works include "Les Miserables", "Sea Laborers" and "Smiling Man"

Compulsory 3:

1, "Dream of Red Mansions": formerly known as "The Story of Stones", also known as "Golden Jade Yuan", a total of 120 times, Cao Xueqin wrote the first 80 times, and Gao He continued to write the last 40 times. It is the most outstanding realist work in ancient Chinese novels and an encyclopedia of feudal society.

Cao Xueqin, the name Zhan, the word Mengruan, the number Xueqin, Qinpu, Qinxi.

2, "Old Man Gao": It is the prologue of "Human Comedy".

Balzac was a French 19th-century realist writer. More than 90 works (pieces) are collectively called "Human Comedy".

Compulsory 4:

1. William Shakespeare: The great English dramatist and poet of the European Renaissance.

Shakespeare's four major tragedies: "Hamlet", "Othello", "King Lear", "Macbeth".

2. Zhu Guangqian: Modern Esthetician. His representative works include "Twelve Letters to Youth" and "Talking about Beauty".

"On Beauty" is a collection of letters on literary and artistic, aesthetic, philosophical, moral, and political issues.

Compulsory 5:

1. "Romance of the Three Kingdoms": one of the earliest existing Zhanghui novels in China, which narrates the history of the formation of the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu in chronological order. The author is Luo Guanzhong.

2. "Don Quixote": A novel full of absurd comedy and tragedy that can make people "laugh tears". Cervantes: Spanish novelist.

END.

Chapter 6:

Students are inevitably nervous during the college entrance examination, not to mention mathematics, a subject that students are usually more willing to lose points in, so what are the answering skills of mathematics in the highly stressful situation during the college entrance examination.

The following editor of the high school network has sorted out the relevant information for your reference.

1. Mathematics tips for the college entrance examination

1. Adjust your mind and boost your confidence

(1) Set the examination objectives reasonably, create a relaxed test-taking atmosphere, and treat the college entrance examination with a normal heart;

(2) Arrange your diet reasonably to improve your sleep quality;

(3) Maintain a good state of preparation for the exam and continue to make positive psychological cues;

(4) Tranquility generates wisdom, stabilizes emotions, purifies the mind, and welcomes the upcoming exam with confidence.

2. Prepare carefully and be unorganized

(1) Focus on review, check and fill in the gaps. The questions of the previous mock exams can be classified and integrated according to knowledge, as well as mathematical ideas and methods. Strengthen the connection, form a knowledge network structure, win more with less, and respond to all changes with the same.

(2) Find the wrong questions, analyze the cause, and prescribe the right medicine, which is the key work.

(3) Read the "Test Instructions" and "Test Question Analysis" to ensure that there are no knowledge blind spots.

(4) Return to the textbook, return to the basics, return to the college entrance examination questions in recent years, and grasp the general method.

(5) Pay attention to the standardization and conciseness of written expression, master the expression mode of various common question types, and avoid the phenomenon of "knowing but not right, right but incomplete".

(6) Before the exam, a certain number of intermediate and low-grade questions should be done to achieve the purpose of being familiar with the basic methods and typical problems.

3. Enter the battle and read through the whole volume

The most likely to cause psychological tension, anxiety and fear is the "battle" stage after entering the market and before answering the questionnaire, and it is very important to maintain a stable mind at this time.

Just got the test paper, generally feel nervous, do not rush to answer, you can read through the whole paper first, try to get as much information as possible from the paper, pave the way for the implementation of the correct problem-solving strategy, generally can do the following things within five minutes:

(1) Fill in all the candidates' information and check whether there are any problems in the test papers;

(2) Regulate emotions, enter the exam state as soon as possible, and be able to answer those simple choice or fill-in-the-blank questions that can be seen at a glance (once solved, confidence is doubled and emotions are immediately stabilized);

(3) For the questions that cannot be answered immediately, they can be roughly divided into two categories: A and B: Class A refers to the questions that are more familiar and easy to use; Category B refers to questions that are relatively unfamiliar and difficult to self-felt, so you should know them by heart.

2. How to overcome nervousness during the college entrance examination

Remember, exams are for answering papers, not for overcoming nervousness. Nervousness is a beneficial emotion that naturally arises when a person deals with challenges, and the right amount of tension can make the energy more focused and the mind more excited.

Everyone is a little nervous during the college entrance examination, but that usually does not affect the candidates' questions. So don't be afraid to be nervous. If you always want to overcome your nervousness and devote all your energy to dealing with your emotions, it will have a bad impact on the exam.

If you are too nervous, you can use half a minute to relax while reading the questions, and then start filling in the test paper as soon as possible. As soon as you do one or two questions, you will completely forget about the tension.

When doing the questions, you should first do a good job of the high-scoring questions, and the questions that you can't do should be empty first, and don't panic when you see the questions you can't do, which will affect the answers to other questions.

In the end, it doesn't matter if you can't do it, because if you get the questions you know how to do right, the main points will be in hand. Especially in the math test, the big questions are divided into several questions, and you do your best, but the small questions must be correct to get a high score.

Or do a confident answer first, in short, look at the proportional distribution of points.

END.