2. Emphasis on ability in the classroom.

(1) Ability to memorize and use.

(2) Ability to understand and generalize: The ability to understand and summarize texts is a core ability.

(3) Ability to read questions. Teach students to read the questions and find out the knowledge points, hints and test points of the questions.

(4) Answer restoration ability. The answer starts with the question and finds out where the answer comes from.

(5) Ability to internalize skills. Internalize the method and then form habits of mind.

(6) Ability to listen to lectures and reflect.

(7) Sorting out the migration capacity. Transfer the ideas and methods of answering a certain type of question to a similar question.

(8) Analytical innovation ability.

(9) Writing and expression skills.

3. The classroom capacity is large and the content is deep; There are no shows, and the classroom is real.

With multimedia technology, a lot of teaching time is saved. There is no teacher's generous speech in the classroom, there is only a chat-style teaching between teachers and students, teachers induce, students explore, and teachers not only participate, but also cooperate.

The teaching links are implemented layer by layer, such as short, concise and highly targeted exercises after each concept or rule, and the effect is very good. It grasps the core of quality education, pays attention to the implementation of knowledge at all levels in the classroom, actively mobilizes students' initiative in the classroom, and explores the methods of accepting and implementing students' knowledge in the classroom, so that students pay attention to the development of thinking, the cultivation of ability, and the formation of learning habits while acquiring knowledge.

Teachers study once a day, once every three days, and once a week, and revise courseware and study plans. Teachers use unified courseware in class, which cannot be modified, but can be played! After the revised courseware, the study plan will be passed on to the next session. It can be considered that the class of any teacher in Hengzhong is the crystallization of the wisdom of the whole school!

Hengshui Middle School: Self-study

Self-study in Hengzhong is divided into subject self-study classes and public self-study classes.

1. Self-study courses.

The so-called "subject self-study" means that in a certain self-study class, only the topics of the specified subjects and the specified scope are allowed.

Difficult subjects must be arranged for subject self-study classes, subject self-study courses belong to the subject, but lectures or disguised lectures are not allowed, and teachers can tutor learning; The required homework assigned by the teacher must be completed within 20 minutes, and the teacher must collect the homework of the day at the end of the subject self-study, and the teacher is strictly prohibited from collecting the homework during the rest of the time, and the teacher is required to assign the homework to be precise.

Before the teacher walks into the classroom for any class, be sure to arrange a self-study class to prepare. All questions are printed in advance as a form paper, and most of the questions are required to be completed within the allotted time. The multiple-choice part is scribbled, entered into the microcomputer, and the ranking is discharged; Subjective questions are graded by subject teachers and commented on in a unified manner. There are five sessions of self-study in such a subject, which means that you have to "test" at least five times a day.

2. Public self-study classes.

In public self-study classes, teachers other than the class teacher are not allowed to enter the classroom, and teachers are not allowed to occupy this time in disguised form such as lecturing, giving exercises, or playing projections. Assign non-scheduled jobs. Language, Mathematics and Foreign Studies, a total of 5 sections in the first year of high school, and a total of 6 sections in the second and third years of high school. Two public self-study sessions per day are guaranteed.

"Public self-study" is a free time for students, with three periods a day, mainly used to organize notes, correct mistakes, and explore difficult problems. This self-study allocation method effectively solves the problem of self-study time allocation in various disciplines, effectively stimulates the learning efficiency of students' self-study, turns self-study into exams, strengthens students' psychological quality, and is considered by Hengzhong teachers to be a "magic weapon for winning".

3. Cooperative self-study.

After the three evening self-study periods, there will be 20 minutes of free discussion time for students.

4. Requirements for self-study: self-study examination, weekly quiz college entrance examination.

Hengshui Middle School: Homework

It is not allowed to send homework in advance, collect homework immediately after class, students are not allowed to read materials during the process of problem solving, and students are not allowed to discuss with each other. Homework is strictly treated as an exam, and students ring the bell for weekly quizzes and use special answer sheets. In this way, students can cultivate independent learning habits, reduce the sense of dependence, and ensure the continuity of thinking, so as to maximize the learning efficiency of students.

1. Assignments are divided into in-class assignments, extracurricular assignments, and "buffets".

Homework must be done by everyone and within the allotted time.

"Buffet" is to choose test questions, mainly self-compiled or self-organized exercises, and the amount of questions is moderate. The "buffet" should be different from the subject homework, and it is not allowed to force students to do it, not to collect and hand it over, and not to take compulsory measures to inspect and accept it in disguise, and it must fully reflect the autonomy of students.

2. Job rescheduling.

Instead of using the current review materials, the school teachers make up the questions themselves. The training content highlights the key points of training and is targeted; The training difficulty series are clearly distinguished, and the requirements of the experimental class are different from those of the ordinary class; The training effect is clear, and the difficulty discrimination is clearly required in advance; Weekly testing cycle, important test points, difficult points, and doubtful points are tested in turn.

3. Reduce the amount of exercises, change the outdated practice of super-intensity, large number of questions, and mechanical training to improve speed, and concentrate on concise exercises.

The key is what to say, whether to talk about the answer, to tell the answer directly, or to talk about the idea and method; At the same time, it is to talk about ideas and methods, whether to directly tell students ideas and methods, or to induce students to discover ideas and methods by themselves. At the same time, it is not right to go from one extreme to the other, and it is not right to think that the fewer questions the better. Strictly control the amount of exercises, and resolutely put an end to lectures during self-study time and disguised crowding of self-study.

4. Reduce the difficulty of teaching content and after-class exercises.

Change the situation that violates the laws of students' understanding in teaching, and the teaching content and training exercises are too deep and difficult. Some teachers are detached from the reality of students, blindly elevate themselves, and even ignore textbooks to talk about difficult problems and do difficult problems, causing students to be afraid of difficulties, and some lose confidence, fear, and boredom of learning.

5. All the tutorial materials are from the articles edited and printed by the teacher.

Tutoring materials are divided into three categories: study plans, homework, and buffets.

The study plan is to fill in the blanks and sort out some basic knowledge points, which is the basic idea of the teacher's lecture in class, and students generally complete it after class.

The homework is a selection of some good questions, the questions are set with gradients, most of them are mid-range questions, the quality of the questions is very high, and the teacher will explain it carefully.

"Buffet" is set up to meet the needs of students who have spare time, the difficulty of the questions is relatively large, the situation is very novel, and many of the college entrance examination questions in recent years have appeared in the self-help in advance. It is mainly set up for students who have the strength to impact famous universities, with detailed answers, and the teacher does not make uniform requirements, nor does he talk about the above questions.

A total of about 15 pieces of information are distributed every day for the three types of materials, and there are contents on both the front and back. Most people can't finish these things, they are selective to see and do, which also mobilizes everyone's efficiency, because they always think "there are still many things that have not been done". All the materials do not need to be prepared by the students themselves, and are completely selected and provided by the teacher.

Hengshui Middle School: Notes

1. A small book was issued for each subject, and the Chinese copied the words and idioms and even good sentences that were taught in class and made by self-help every day, and English was the phrases, sentence patterns, pronunciations, etc. that were spoken in class and on self-help; Mathematics has sent 6 problem books, one for each topic (functions, trigonometry, number series, solid geometry, analytic geometry, probability and statistics) 2 sets of formal mathematics test per week, and now the science and synthesis is also 2 sets of formal tests per week.

2. Correct mistakes and summarize without copying the question, take a knife to scratch on the information, and stick it to the book.

Hengshui Middle School: Exams

1. Implement the weekly practice and monthly examination system, Friday and Saturday, from the proposition, invigilation, marking to the score statistics in accordance with the requirements of the college entrance examination, complete the entire flow analysis on Sunday, analyze the computer, fill in the marking evaluation report and error problem analysis, and the Academic Affairs Office should conduct quality inspection and sign.

2. The weekly test is once a week, generally on Sundays, and occasionally a few subjects will be taken on Saturdays, and the specifications are basically the same as those of the college entrance examination. After the test, the total score will be calculated, the ranking will be ranked, and the results will be posted.

3. The research exam is a large-scale exam, also known as a monthly exam. The process is no different from the college entrance examination, and the college entrance examination mode is completely in accordance with the college entrance examination model from answering questions to judging papers. Teachers are taking this exam very seriously, and it is also related to whether they will be forced to work overtime in the coming month. The weekend will count towards the overall score of the weekly test. In other words, every other month, the grade rank changes, and every other week, the class rank changes. Every three days, the ranking of the Rio Zong will change.

Hengshui Middle School: College Entrance Examination

1. All senior high school teachers carefully study the "Syllabus" and thoroughly understand the examination content involved in the syllabus.

Make it clear what the scope of the textbook knowledge is involved, what is deleted and what is new. We should resolutely not talk about the deleted content, do not blindly expand the new content, and grasp the scale in teaching, and teach in strict accordance with the content shown in the textbook.

The thorough understanding of the textbooks is also reflected in the in-depth grasp of the knowledge and ability of the textbooks, the focus on the knowledge of the degree of understanding and application, and the brief explanation of the knowledge of the degree of understanding, so that students can learn by themselves.

2. Carefully study the question types and score distribution of college entrance examination questions and the proportion of knowledge in each teaching chapter in the college entrance examination questions over the years.

Through the change of question types and score distribution, the direction of college entrance examination review and preparation and the test-taking knowledge and test-taking ability involved in the usual practice of exercises are predicted, so that students can improve their ability in daily training.

3. The usual training should summarize the mistakes of students, such as the existence of non-intellectual factors such as wrong keywords and answers to non-professional terms, which restricts the possibility of students getting high scores. In view of the students' mistakes or mistakes, students should be corrected in a timely manner, so as to minimize the impact of non-intellectual factors on the college entrance examination.

4. Conduct a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of students' learning and students' mastery of basic knowledge in the teaching process, and do not overestimate students' learning ability. The basic knowledge runs through the teaching from beginning to end, and every small knowledge point is taken seriously, so that students can take every step solidly, the foundation is solid, and the ability is formed.

5. The achievement of results is not a single person's, but a group's, because a person's ability is always limited, only by giving full play to the collective wisdom, using all the resources that can be developed, and integrating them into teaching, can we achieve excellent results in the college entrance examination.

Hengshui Middle School: Work and rest

Get up at 5:30, run and exercise at 5:40, only 10 minutes to get dressed, fold the quilt, brush your teeth and wash your face (the quilt must be folded at the corners, the pavement must be flat, there can be no wrinkles, and none of the extra items can be put outside), which depends on speed and spirit.

At 6:00, after the end of the running exercise, go to the classroom to read early (135 for Chinese, 246 for English. Each morning reading teacher assigns a clear learning task, lists it on the blackboard, or prints out the corresponding materials in advance and distributes them. With a clear task arrangement, students have a stronger sense of purpose in learning, especially in the early morning when their brains are still a little foggy. ）

6:30-7:05 is breakfast time (after the students eat, they consciously send the dishes and chopsticks to the recycling cart, the canteen does not have any plastic bags, disposable lunch boxes, and the school commissary only sells stationery and supplies, not any food, so there is no garbage on campus.) ）

At 6:50 a.m., the class teacher will stand on the podium on time and count the number of people. Then enter the morning preparation, and the main task is to preview the content of the morning class.

7:05-7:35 The second morning reading begins, and 1 class starts at 7:45 with each lesson of 40 minutes until 12:00 after school.

Among them, 12:00-12:20 self-study, 12:20-12:45 lunch time, 12:45-13:45 lunch break (listening to songs, reading, studying, chatting are not allowed, it is necessary to keep absolutely quiet.) ）

At 14:05, the afternoon class started, and there were 5 more sessions, and the third period was left and there was a second running exercise.

I went up until 6:15, 6:15-6:30 for dinner, and 6:50-7:10 for the news (100 days before the college entrance examination, this event was canceled and replaced by a video of the physical and chemical biology experiments.) ）

7:15 evening self-study, until 9:50, three evening self-study, the first and second periods are subject self-study, the school has a fixed arrangement - exams, completed within the specified time, must be handed in after class, the next day must be released, and then the class ranking.

10:10Lights out and sleep! Take a bath once a week, and you can only wipe your body regularly. Stay competitive throughout the day, with both speed and quality. Give 40 minutes of free time on Saturdays.

Hengshui Middle School: Daily Life

1. Positive vibes.

The campus, classroom corridors, and campus walls of Hengshui Middle School do not have photos of great people, but photos of outstanding brothers and sisters in the school, and inspirational slogans are everywhere "I am strong, I work hard, I can succeed, I will succeed".

A concept has been formed in the minds of students: entering Hengshui Middle School has entered the gate of the university, and only by better adapting to all the regulations of the school and unconditionally obeying the arrangements of any teacher can they achieve better results.

2. Criticize the notification system.

The management of Hengshui Middle School is very strict. The teaching building is plastered with criticism notices, such as a certain student who cut the queue for dinner, and because of his good attitude of admitting his mistakes, he was criticized once. Being late, eating snacks, and not sleeping at noon to read are all disciplinary violations, and once you receive 3 disciplinary notices, you must suspend classes and go home for reflection.

3. High-density exams.

Homework is an exam every day, an exam is an exam on Saturday and Sunday every week, an exam is an exam at the end of each month, and there are also mid-term exams and final exams. The winter and summer vacations are only 20 days a year, but the homework left for 40 days cannot be completed (each subject also has a holiday correction book).

4. Full vacation plan.

The school has arranged a full holiday study plan for you, and every day you have typed out a form for your parents to sign, basically except for Chinese New Year's Eve, students have to lie in front of the desk. Students are learning tightly and at a fast pace, and students have to complete their homework in each subject within the allotted time.

5. Recess exercises are "myths".

Recess exercise is a myth of Hengshui Middle School, well-trained, well-adjusted, no less than an army, spring thunder, shocking people's hearts, slogans are arrogant, making people cry. When it comes to, both boys and girls have information in their hands. In all subjects, I studied with full attention, without anyone's interference, and I used my time desperately, squeezed out time to work hard, and all of them showed a high spirit.

6. Dormitory management

(1) Implement semi-militarized and fully enclosed boarding management. All students live on campus, and students in the urban area are allowed to go home once every two weeks and once a month for a week of going home. No student is allowed to leave the school during non-holiday hours.

(2) The whole school implements a unified bedtime management, the dormitory is not allowed to put books, learning materials are placed in the classroom, students to the dormitory after the quiet speed is unusually fast, the school stipulates that the lights go out at 10 o'clock at night to sleep, students must go to the toilet before going to bed, 10 o'clock to 11 o'clock, students are not allowed to go to the toilet. Students spend a total of 14.5 hours of study and life during the day.

7. Student behavior management.

(1) Grooming, civilized behavior: language, politeness, hygiene.

(2) Carrying. The school's supermarket is only allowed to sell school supplies and essential daily necessities, and drinks and food are not allowed to be sold. It is not allowed to eat anywhere other than the cafeteria and dormitory, and it is not allowed to bring mobile phones, snacks, mp3s, etc. into the school.

In short, the students of Heng Middle School seize all the time to study, even the pace of students walking in the school and the speed of falling asleep when entering the dormitory are very fast. The learning atmosphere of the students is strong. There is no student who does not complete his homework, and there is no learning that he does not pay attention to; Every signboard of the school reminds students to study hard, and everything the school does revolves around student learning - learning is life, learning is everything. In this atmosphere, students' enthusiasm for active learning is high, and there is a lot of potential for active learning.

Hengshui Middle School: Ideological work

1. Ideological work

From beginning to end, instill a thought, a concept, a determination, and a spirit of everything for the college entrance examination. Repetition over a long period of time will create a strong awareness in your mind. Entrance meeting, 200-day meeting, New Year's party, Spring Festival meeting, 100-day meeting, 50-day meeting, one-month meeting, flag-raising speech, and so on. Strong mental strength requires frequent stimulation, and meetings are one way to do it. Ideological work must be meticulous and must also have scientific methods.

2. Activity encouragement

For example, speech education under the national flag, a 100-day pledge meeting, a college entrance examination state month activity (March), a college entrance examination (psychological counseling lectures, examination skills guidance), inviting celebrities to make reports, learning to sing a song every week (carried out after the 100-day meeting), and taking a daily oath (carefully prepared, taking an oath after morning exercises every day, and then reading in the morning).

3. The 80-mile hike they called "the long march of the will".

END.

Chapter 10:

Principles and Methodology of High School Political Materialism

The high school philosophical principles and their corresponding methodologies are that matter determines consciousness, matter is primordial, consciousness is derived, matter determines consciousness, consciousness has a reaction effect on matter, and correct consciousness has a promoting effect on matter.

1. Dialectical materialism

1. The dialectical relationship between matter and consciousness

Principle: Matter is primordial, consciousness is derived, and matter determines consciousness; Consciousness has an active effect on matter.

Methodology: (1) Thinking about problems and doing things should be based on reality, so that subjectivity conforms to objectivity. (2) Pay attention to the role of consciousness, pay attention to the power of spirit, and establish correct consciousness.

2. The dialectical relationship between the objectivity of the law and the subjective initiative of people

Principle: The law is objective, its effect is not transferred by human will, and the law restricts the play of people's subjective initiative. On the other hand, human beings have subjective initiative and are able to recognize and use laws.

Methodology: To give full play to subjective initiative, we must respect the objective law and act according to the law. On the other hand, it is necessary to give full play to people's subjective initiative, understand and make use of the law, change the conditions for the law to take effect, and turn harm into benefit.

2. Materialist dialectics

(1) The point of view of connection

1. The universality and objectivity of the connection

Principle: Everything in the world is in a universal connection, and nothing exists in isolation, and the whole world is a unified whole of universal connection. The connection between things is objective, and it is not subject to human consciousness, and people cannot deny and cut off the objective connection between things, nor can they subjectively fabricate connections.

Methodology: Insist on looking at problems from the perspective of connection, recognize and grasp the real connection of things, analyze the connection between things concretely, change the state of things according to the inherent connection of things (change the conditions to create conditions), and establish new specific connections.

2. Causal connection

Principle: The causal connection between things is not only a relationship between precedent and follow, but also a relationship between cause and cause; The cause is always accompanied by a certain effect, and the result is always caused by a certain cause; Everything is in the connection of causal connection, causal connection is universal, it is not subject to human will.

Methodology: (1) Acknowledging the universality and objectivity of causal connections is the premise for people to correctly understand things and conduct scientific research; (2) Only by correctly grasping the causal relationship of things can we improve the consciousness and foresight of people's practical activities.

3. The relationship between the whole and the parts

Principle: The whole is in the decisive position of the commander, the part is subordinate to the whole, and the performance state of the whole and its changes will affect the performance state and its changes of the parts; The whole is composed of parts, and the formation of the overall function is inseparable from the original function of the part, and the part restricts the whole, and even under certain conditions, the performance state of the key part will play a decisive role in the performance state of the whole.

Methodology: (1) to establish the concept of the overall situation, to do things from the overall point of view, to seek the optimal goal (2) to do a good job in the part, so that the overall function can be maximized.

(2) The perspective of development

4. The perspective of development

Principle: Everything is in a never-ending process of movement, change and development, and the whole world is a material world that is infinitely changing and eternally developing; Development is the process by which the new replaces the old.

Methodology: (1) Insist on looking at problems from the perspective of development (2) Treat things truthfully as a process of change and development (3) Clarify what stage and status things are in (4) Keep pace with the times, cultivate the spirit of innovation, and promote the growth of new things

5. The dialectical relationship between internal and external factors

Principle: The development of things is the result of the joint action of internal and external factors; Internal causes are the basis for the change and development of things; External causes are conditions; External causes work through internal causes.

Methodology: Insist on looking at the problem from the perspective of the dialectical relationship between internal and external factors, pay attention to the role of internal factors, and at the same time, we should not ignore external factors.

6. The dialectical relationship between quantitative change and qualitative change

Principle: The change and development of things are the unity of quantitative change and qualitative change; The development of all things starts with quantitative change, and quantitative change is the premise and necessary preparation for qualitative change; Quantitative change to a certain extent will inevitably lead to qualitative change, and qualitative change is the inevitable result of quantitative change; Everything is constantly evolving in two states: quantitative and qualitative.

Methodology: (1) the principle of qualitative change caused by quantitative change (2) to adhere to the principle of moderation (3) to lose no time in promoting a leap (4) to pay attention to the accumulation of quantity (5) to learn to optimize the structure

7. The development of things is the unity of progress and twists and turns

Principle: The general trend of the development of things is forward, and the road of development is tortuous; The development of anything is the unity of progress and zigzag; The future is bright, the road is tortuous, there are twists and turns in the advance, and advancing in the twists and turns is the way for the development of all new things.

Methodology: Insist on looking at problems from the unified viewpoint that the development of things is progressive and tortuous, firmly believe that the future is bright, and be ready to take a tortuous road.

(3) Contradictory views

8. The universality of contradictions

Principle: Contradiction exists in all things, and runs through every thing, that is, there are contradictions in everything, and there are contradictions all the time.

Methodology: It is necessary to recognize the universality and objectivity of contradictions, and dare to admit and expose contradictions; It is necessary to be good at comprehensively analyzing contradictions, adhere to the dichotomy method, and prevent one-sidedness.

9. The particularity of contradictions

Principle: The contradictions of different things have different characteristics; The contradictions of the same thing have different characteristics at different stages; Both sides of the conflict have their own characteristics.

Methodology: Analyze specific problems on a case-by-case basis

10. The principle of the dialectical relationship between the universality and particularity of contradictions

Principle: The relationship between the universality and particularity of contradictions, that is, the relationship between the commonality and individuality, the general and the individual. (1) The two are interconnected. On the one hand, universality resides in and is expressed through particularity, without which there can be no universality. On the other hand, particularity is inseparable from universality, and no matter how special things in the world are, they always have something in common with other things of the same kind, and there is nothing that does not contain universality. (2) The two are transformed into each other under certain conditions. Because of the extreme vastness of the scope of things and the infinite nature of development, what is universal on one occasion is particular, and special on another. On the contrary, what is particular in one occasion is universal in another.

Methodology: The principle of the dialectical relationship between the universality and particularity of contradictions requires us to concretely analyze the particularity of contradictions under the guidance of the principle of universality of contradictions, and constantly realize the unity of the universality of contradictions with the particularity, commonality and individuality of the specific history. (Addendum: This principle is the philosophical basis for integrating the universal principles of Marxism-Leninism with China's specific reality, and is also the theoretical basis for building socialism with Chinese characteristics.) Adhering to this principle helps us to correctly understand things and grasp the cognitive order of "from the special to the universal, and then from the universal to the particular". It is helpful to learn such scientific working methods as "dissecting sparrows, grasping typical examples, combining general appeals with individual guidance, and coming from the masses and going to the masses." ）

Opposition: Attention should be paid to opposing only seeing the universality of contradictions, ignoring the particularity of contradictions, and not seeing the differences between things; It is also necessary to oppose only seeing the particularity of contradictions, ignoring the universality of contradictions, and failing to see the connection between all things

11. Primary and secondary contradictions

Principle: The main contradiction refers to the contradiction that is in a dominant position in the process of the development of things and plays a decisive role in the development of things, while the secondary contradiction is in a subordinate position and does not play a decisive role; The two are interdependent and mutually influential; Transform into each other under certain conditions.

Methodology: We must be good at grasping the key points and concentrating the main forces to solve the main contradictions; It is necessary to learn to take into account the overall situation and properly handle secondary contradictions.

12. Relationship between primary and secondary aspects

Principle: The primary aspect refers to the aspect that occupies a dominant position and plays a leading role in things, while the secondary aspect refers to the aspect that is in a dominant position and does not play a dominant role; The two are opposites and unified; It is both mutually exclusive and interdependent, and transforms each other under certain conditions.

Methodology: We should not only look at the problem comprehensively, but also be good at distinguishing between the main stream and the tributaries.

13. The unity of the two-point theory and the key theory

Principle: The principle of the interrelationship between primary and secondary contradictions and primary and secondary aspects

Methodology: Adhere to the unity of the two-point theory and the key theory, the two points are the two points with the focus, and the key points are the key points in the two points.

Materialist understanding

14. The principle of the dialectical relationship between practice and cognition (theory).

Principle content: Practice determines understanding (theory), understanding (theory) has a negative effect on practice, and correct understanding and scientific theory have a guiding role in practice. Erroneous understandings and unscientific theories hinder practice.

Methodology: Adhere to the viewpoint of practice first, and attach importance to the guiding role of scientific theories. Adhere to the principle of combining theory and practice. Oppose dogmatism, oppose ideological rigidity.

15. With the development of practice, the understanding is constantly deepened, expanded and passed

Principle content: In terms of depth, the understanding needs to be deepened; In terms of breadth, knowledge should be constantly expanding; Progressively, awareness must move forward.

Methodology: Oppose the view of rigid thinking and fixed cognition, and oppose the view of stopping, pessimism and inaction.

16. The fundamental task of cognition is to rise from perceptual cognition to rational cognition, and to grasp the essence and laws of things through their phenomena.

17. Practice determines the principle of cognition

Principle content: Practice is the source, motivation, purpose, and test standard of understanding, and is the basis of understanding, and understanding depends on practice.

Methodology: Gain understanding, develop understanding, test understanding from practice, and use understanding to guide practice

3. The four principles and methodologies of materialism

Principles of Materialism

1. The world is the material world that exists objectively, and the origin of the world is material

2. The principle of the dialectical relationship between matter and consciousness

Worldview:

(1) Dialectical materialism holds that matter determines consciousness. That is, the primacy of matter and the secondness of consciousness. Consciousness is the product of the long-term development of the material world, the function of the special material of the human brain, and the reflection of objective material objects in the human brain.

(2) Consciousness has agency. 1. Consciousness can correctly understand objective things. 2. Consciousness has an active reaction to matter, and once consciousness is generated, it reacts on matter, accelerating or delaying the development process of objective things. The consciousness of correctly reflecting objective things and the laws of their development can promote the smooth development of people's practical activities, thereby promoting the development of objective things. Consciousness that distorts the reflection of objective things and the laws of their development leads human activities astray and thus hinders the development of objective things.

Methodology:

The principle of the dialectical relationship between matter and consciousness requires us to proceed from reality in our practical work, on the one hand, to decide on our work policies, plans, and other subjective things based on objective facts, so that subjectivity and objectivity are compatible; On the other hand, it is necessary to fully attach importance to and give play to the active role of consciousness, attach importance to the strength of the spirit, consciously establish correct ideological awareness, overcome erroneous ideological awareness, and use correct thinking and scientific theories to guide people in understanding and transforming the world.

False tendencies:

It is necessary to oppose metaphysical materialism, which only admits that matter determines consciousness and denies that consciousness has a negative effect on matter, and on the other hand, it is necessary to oppose idealism, which one-sidedly exaggerates the active role of consciousness and denies the decisive role of matter.

3 The principle of the relationship between objective regularity and subjective initiative

Worldview:

(1) Respecting the law and doing things according to the law is inseparable from giving full play to the subjective initiative. The law is the essence of things hidden in things, people cannot directly feel it, they must give full play to their subjective initiative, conduct investigation and research, and think carefully in order to understand and master the law, and use the law to transform the world.

(2) Subjective initiative must be based on respect for objective laws. Objective laws always restrict people's subjective initiative, whether people respect objective laws, and whether people act according to objective laws determines whether people's subjective initiative can achieve positive results.

(3) It is necessary to combine respect for objective laws with giving play to people's subjective initiative, and the process of people doing things is the process of giving full play to their subjective initiative, and in order to do things well, we must respect the objective laws and act according to the objective laws.

Methodology:

When we think about problems and do things, we must not only respect the objective law and act according to the law, but also give full play to our subjective initiative and organically combine respecting the objective law with giving play to our subjective initiative.

False tendencies:

We must oppose the idealist viewpoint that denies the objectivity of the law and one-sidedly exaggerates the subjective initiative; It is also necessary to oppose the metaphysical viewpoint that only emphasizes respect for objective laws, denies man's subjective initiative, and holds that man is powerless in the face of objective laws.

4. The relationship between motion and matter

Principle:

There is an inseparable relationship between motion and matter

(l) Matter is a moving substance, and motion is the fundamental property and mode of existence of matter

(2) Motion is the movement of matter, and matter is the main body of motion

Methodology: Adhere to the connection between the two, and oppose the wrong practice of talking about movement without matter or talking about material without movement.

4 The Three Principles of Materialism and Their Methodology

Dialectical materialism

1. The principle of objectivity in nature

[Principle content]: The existence and development of the natural world is objective.

【Methodology】:(1) Acknowledging the objectivity of the natural world is the basic premise for human beings to consciously deal with the relationship between man and nature. (2) When we use and transform nature, we must respect nature, conform to nature, protect nature, and learn to live in harmony with nature.

[Scope of application]: The application of this principle shows that in the process of transforming nature, in order to transform nature, we must first obey nature.

2. The principle of the dialectical relationship between matter and consciousness

【Principle content】:(1) Matter determines consciousness, and consciousness is nothing but the reflection of objective things in the human brain. (2) Consciousness has an active effect on matter: (1) Consciousness can correctly reflect objective things (2) Consciousness can react on objective things, and correct consciousness promotes the development of objective things; False consciousness hinders the development of objective things.

【Methodology】:(1) Proceed from reality in everything (2) Pay attention to the role of consciousness, attach importance to the power of spirit, establish correct consciousness, and overcome erroneous understanding.

[Scope of application]: Apply this principle to explain the relationship between the basic national conditions in the initial stage of socialism in China and the party's guiding ideology, basic line, principles, policies, and work plans, that is, China's socialist modernization must be based on the basic national conditions; It shows that socialism is both material and spiritual wealth, and that it is the relationship between material civilization and spiritual civilization, and that the socialist market economy must strengthen the building of spiritual civilization.

3. The principle of objectivity of the law

[Principle content]: The law is the inevitable connection of the inherent essence of things in the process of movement. The law is objective, its existence and effect are not transferred by human consciousness, people can neither create the law, nor change or eliminate the law, but people can recognize and use the law.

[Methodology]: Recognize the objectivity of the law, act according to the objective law, and achieve the unity of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts.

[Scope of application]: The application of this principle shows that we must act according to the law in various projects, macroeconomic regulation and control work, otherwise we will be punished by the law, and it shows that seeking truth from facts is the essence and fundamental point of the theory, and it is under the guidance of the ideological line of seeking truth from facts that the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics has made great achievements. In the process of transforming nature, in order to transform nature, we must first obey nature.

4. The principle of the relationship between respecting objective laws and giving full play to subjective initiative

[Principle content]: Respect for objective laws is inseparable from giving full play to subjective initiative, and giving full play to subjective initiative should be based on respecting objective laws.

[Methodology]: We must respect the objective law, act according to the objective law, and seek truth from facts; It is also necessary to give full play to the subjective initiative and combine respect for objective laws with the development of subjective initiative.

[Scope of application]: The application of this principle shows that all successful human activities are a combination of respecting objective laws and exerting subjective initiative. For example, the development of agriculture, industry, the protection of the ecological environment, the elimination of pests and diseases, the prevention and control of SARS, the successful launch of spacecraft, the successful launch of satellites, scientific exploration and discovery, the construction of various projects, and so on.

END.

Article 11:

How to improve memory and how to train well

Memorization is an important part of learning and an important means of consolidating knowledge. Scientific memorization is conducive to improving learning efficiency and accelerating the accumulation of knowledge. Therefore, in order to improve learning efficiency and accelerate the accumulation of knowledge, it is necessary to learn to memorize scientifically.

1 Top 10 rules to boost memory

The self-confidence of having a memory, the confidence that you will be able to remember, will make the brain more and more useful. On the contrary, the fear of not being able to remember often becomes the enemy of memory.

With the intention of remembering, it is necessary to distinguish between those knowledge that must be remembered, and with the intention of remembering, the goal is clear, and the attention will be concentrated to remember it deeply.

Having a high degree of concentration in attention memory must be concentrated, concentrated, and not distracted.

If we have a deep understanding and understanding of the meaning, truth, and origin of the materials that need to be memorized, we will be able to grasp the main points and key points, deepen our memory, and never forget them for a long time.

To create memories of interesting interests will make people's attention highly concentrated, and pleasant information can be continuously transmitted to the neurons of the brain, leaving a deep impression and even lasting memory.

When we want to be in a good mood, our memory organs are quiet, and it is easier for us to remember external information. On the contrary, when you are in a distressed mood, even the most beautiful scenery and the most beautiful music are treated as if you have not seen them, and you have not asked them.

If you use the method of association and imagination to connect different things together, you will deepen your memory with each other.

To borrow visual images, pay attention to the use of tables, diagrams, etc. to help memorization.

Review often, review often, and practice repeatedly to deepen your memory.

The process of deepening understanding and practice in practice is a process of applying what has been learned and a process of deepening memory.

2 Simple ways to enhance your memory skills

(1) Recall the details of the day

This memory-boosting exercise you can do every day before you fall asleep. If you can honestly stick to it every night for a month, the results will surprise you.

Before going to bed and getting ready for bed, sit with your back to your head or lie down, but make sure you stay awake for 1015 minutes.

Relax yourself by consciously doing a few minutes of breathing exercises.

Start with the last thing you did today and recall its most specific details. This may include lying comfortably in bed and paying attention to your breathing movements.

And then think about it, and remember what you did just before that, maybe climbing into bed. And then there's the things that go before that, maybe brushing your teeth, recalling your feelings and thoughts.

Imagine that your entire day was a reel of motion picture film, now being shown upside down. Just like walking backwards or talking backwards, like watching a movie playing backwards, if so, you are the viewer (and the reminiscer), looking back at every moment of your day backwards.

Such as:

I'm lying in bed and starting to reminisce about my day.

I walked from the bathroom to the bed.

I walked from the dresser to the bathroom.

I stood at the dresser and said something like this to my wife or husband.

I walked from the living room into the bedroom and stood by the dresser.

I turned off the TV and lights in the living room.

I sat in my favorite chair with my feet crossed and watched.

Before that, I looked through the window and saw a full moon rising from the horizon.

… Look back on your day backwards step by step. You may find that the closer you are to the present moment in time, the more details of it are remembered; And what happened earlier in the day has the most hasty and short-lived impressions.

(2) Draw a map to refine memory

Find a street map of the city, select a community, draw a circle of more than 10 streets, and then observe the map for 3 minutes. Use a timer to keep the time accurate. Close the picture and don't look at it. Timed for 1 minute.

Redraw this map from memory, including the name of the street and its location.

Practice until you can draw the diagram accurately in no more than 60 seconds.

Then expand the delineation of the city street map to more than 20 streets, and after observing the map for another 3 minutes, close the map and do not look at it. Timed for 1 minute.

Redraw this map from memory, including the name of the street and its location.

Practice until you can accurately draw the diagram in no more than 90 seconds.

(c) Faces that will never be forgotten

Once a day, pick a random object, a picture, or a person and look at it carefully for 2 minutes.

Look away and draw the object you just observed. At the end of the day, don't look at this picture, draw another one from memory.

Change the subject of observation every day for a week. Then, put the drawings together and redraw them from memory.

Notice the differences and differences between the images drawn sequentially.

Stick to this method for a few weeks until at the end of the week you can accurately redraw the pictures you made every day of the week.

(4) How to remember your travel shoes

Find a pair of shoes, preferably your own travel shoes. Study it carefully for 5 minutes as if you have never seen shoes like this before. Remember, you are trying to keep everything you see in your memory, so look carefully.

After 5 minutes, put your shoes away and remember everything you just saw. How much have you forgotten? Take a break.

After 15 minutes, how much did you forget about the last time you remembered your shoes?

When you recall the last memory of the shoe, remember it for 15 minutes and you will recall the memory after 15 minutes. Take a break.

. After 15 minutes, think back to the last time you remembered your shoes. How much have you forgotten about the last time this time?

END.

Chapter 12:

Verses about the Mid-Autumn Festival 2019

There are many students who really want to know what are the poems about the Mid-Autumn Festival, and the editor has compiled relevant information, I hope it will be helpful to everyone!

1. Ancient poems of the Mid-Autumn Festival

When is the bright moon? Ask the sky for wine. ——Su Shi "Water Tune Song Tou Bingchen Mid-Autumn Festival"

I hope that people will last a long time, and they will be together for thousands of miles. ——Su Shi "Water Tune Song Tou Bingchen Mid-Autumn Festival"

So far, it will not be in the sky, it should be Chang'e and people. ——Pi Rixiu, "Tianzhu Temple, August 15th Night Guizi"

Dancing and wandering under the wind and dew, I don't know what night it is. ——Su Shi "Nian Nujiao, Mid-Autumn Festival"

Pity the moon tonight, where to go, go leisurely. ——Xin Qiji, "Magnolia Slow, Mid-Autumn Festival Drinking Will Be a Guest..."

The cold sky on the round soul is the same all over the world. ——Li Qiao, "Mid-Autumn Moon Song II"

2 poems about the Mid-Autumn Festival

Mid-Autumn Moon

Ten rounds of frost shadows turned to the court, and the people were alone on this night.

It may not be that Su'e has no hatred, and the jade toad is cold and lonely.

Tianzhu Temple, August 15, night laurel

The jade Shanshan went down to the moon wheel, and found Revsin in front of the palace.

So far, it will not be in the sky, it should be Chang'e and people.

Mid-Autumn Moon

The Mid-Autumn Festival is named Xiao Qin Wang, and it is Yangguan Qu when he enters the cavity

The twilight clouds are overflowing and cold, and the silver man silently turns the jade plate.

This night is not good in this life, where will the bright moon look next year.

Fifteen nights looking at the moon and sending it to Du Langzhong

The atrium is white arboreal crows, and the cold dew is silent wet osmanthus.

Tonight, the moon is bright, and I don't know whose house the autumn thoughts are.

3 Sentences describing the Mid-Autumn Festival

1. The Mid-Autumn Festival has been the most humane and poetic festival in China since ancient times, and it is a traditional festival second only to the Spring Festival. It embodies people's infinite love for life and yearning for a better life.

2. On the morning of the Mid-Autumn Festival, I, my father and my mother went to my grandmother's house for the Mid-Autumn Festival, I was very happy, on the way we went to the "Satisfaction 100" supermarket to buy moon cakes and all kinds of snacks, there are really a lot of people who buy moon cakes, all kinds of people are driven by heads, everyone is busy selecting moon cakes, the forms of moon cakes are diverse, there are large and small, different patterns, different shapes, really beautiful.

3. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, our family went to Shunfeng Mountain Park to enjoy the moon. Looking at the white clouds in the sky, they slipped over the moon from time to time, as if they had become a towel for the moon, wiping the dust off the moon's face. The moon became brighter, like a radiant golden plate, and the moonlight shone on us as soft as cotton, which made us so unhappy!

4. The moon is rising higher and higher, and it is already watching us carnival in the sky. It looks down on the earth and shines with light. Sprinkled on the rooftop, lake, and meadow, it weaves an elegant and mysterious dream.

5. After a while, the breeze blew, and Mother Yun moved her body north. Finally, the moon doll looked at us bravely, completely revealing her chubby, round, smiling face. The moon doll walks in the dark blue night sky, bringing light, longing and joy to the people who admire the moon.

END.

Chapter 13:

Summary of important knowledge points of physics in the first year of high school

There are many students who want to know what are the important knowledge points of physics in the first year of high school, and the editor has sorted out the relevant information, I hope it will be helpful to everyone!

1. Physics knowledge points in senior 1

1. Force

1. To solve mechanical problems, force analysis is the key; Analyze the force and deal with it according to the effect.

2. Analyze the force carefully, and quantitatively calculate the seven forces; Whether there is a hint of gravity or not, the elastic force is determined according to the state.

There is elastic force first, and then friction, and relative motion is the basis; Gravitational force is in all things, and there is no doubt that the electric field force exists.

Lorentz force ampere force, the essence of the two is unity; The mutual perpendicular force is the largest, and the parallel weakness should be remembered.

3. If the direction of the same straight line is determined, the calculation result is only "quantity", and if the direction of a certain quantity is not determined, the calculation result will be indicated.

The resultant force of the two forces is small and large, the two forces form a Q angle clamp, and the parallelogram is determined.

The magnitude of the resultant force varies with q, only between the maximum and the smallest, and the multi-force resultant force merges with the other side.

The multi-force problem state is solved, orthogonal decomposition can be solved, and trigonometric functions can be solved.

4. There are many methods for mechanical problems, and the overall isolation and assumption; The whole only needs to look at the external force, and the internal force is solved in isolation.

The state is the same as the whole, otherwise the isolation is much used; Even if the state is not the same, the whole cow two can be done.

Assuming that a certain force is present or not, it is determined according to the calculation; The limit method grasps the critical state, and the procedural method does it in order.

Orthogonal decomposition selects coordinates, with as many vectors as possible on the axis.

2. Curved motion, gravitational attraction

1. The trajectory of the movement is a curve, the existence of centripetal force is the condition, the speed of the curve changes, and the direction is the tangent of the point.

2. The centripetal force of circular motion, the relationship between supply and demand is in the heart, and the radial resultant force provides sufficient, and the square ratio of mu is required.

MRW squares are also needed, and the balance between supply and demand is not separated.

3. Gravitation is born because of mass and exists in all things in the world, all because of the mass of celestial bodies, and gravity shows miraculous powers.

Satellites orbit celestial bodies, and the speed of a satellite is determined by distance, and the closer it is, the faster it is.

The farther the distance, the slower it goes, the speed of the synchronous satellite is fixed, and the fixed point travels over the equator.

3. Newton's laws of motion

1. F and other ma, Newton's two laws, produce acceleration, and the cause is force.

The resultant force is in the same direction as A, the velocity variable is in the direction of A, and if A becomes smaller, U can be larger, as long as A is in the same direction as U.

2. The forces such as N and T are the apparent weight, and the product of mg is the real weight; Overweight loses the importance of visual weight, where the constant is real weight.

Accelerating ascent is overweight, deceleration descent is also overweight; Weightlessness is determined by addition, decrease, and rise, and weightlessness is completely lost.

4. Mechanical energy and energy

1. Determine the state to find kinetic energy, analyze the process to find the force work, add the positive work and negative work together, and the kinetic energy increment is the same as it.

2. Clarify the mechanical energy of the two states, and then look at the work done by the process force, the work outside the "gravity" is zero, and the energy of the initial and final states is the same.

3. Determine the state to find the amount of energy, and then look at the process force to do the work. Where there is work, there is energy transformation, and the energy of the initial state and the end state is the same.

5. Description of the movement

1. Use particles for the object model, ignoring the shape and size; The earth's revolution is the mass point, and the earth's rotation should be large.

The change in the position of the object is accurately described by displacement, the speed of motion is compared to t, and a is compared to Δv to t.

2. Using the general formula method, the average velocity is the simple method, the intermediate moment velocity method, and the initial velocity zero proportional method.

Add the geometric image method to solve the motion. A free-fall body is an example with a muzzle velocity of zero a and g.

Vertically throw up to know the muzzle velocity, rise the highest center of gravity, the flight time up and down, the whole process decelerates evenly.

the velocity at the central moment, the average velocity is equal; Find the acceleration with a good square, ΔS and other aT squares.

3. The velocity determines the movement of the object, in the direction of velocity acceleration, the acceleration in the same direction decreases in the opposite direction, and the vertical turn does not rush forward.

6. Electric field

1. Coulomb's law charge force, gravitational gravitational force, seems to be twin brothers, kQq is proportional to r squared.

2. There is an electric field around the charge, and F defines the field strength than q. KQ is more charged than r2 points, and U is more than d is a uniform electric field.

The electric field strength is a vector quantity, and the positive charge is forced. The electric field is depicted with field lines, and the density represents the weak and the strong.

The property of field energy is electric potential, and the electric potential drops in the direction of the field line. The work done by the field force is qU, and the kinetic energy theorem cannot be forgotten.

4. There is an equipotential surface in the electric field, and the field line is drawn perpendicular to it. The direction is from high to low, and the surface is dense and the line is dense.

2. How to learn high school physics well

Be sure to understand the basic concepts, formulas, and theorems in the book first

You must think more, you don't have to use the tactics of the sea of questions, but you must be diligent in thinking, physics has high requirements for logical thinking, and thinking more can gradually train your logical thinking ability

Second-level conclusions and models, it is recommended to remember less, if you remember, you must remember the corresponding conditions, but it is more recommended to analyze everything from the basics, which is the best way to respond to changes with the same.

If you work hard, and you can memorize many basic knowledge points better, but you don't have ideas to solve the problem, and your grades can't be raised, we can communicate more, find out the reason, and solve it.

3. Learn the tricks of high school physics and high school physics

1. Correct your mentality and face high school physics learning correctly.

Due to preconceived barriers, many students lose confidence in studying physics before they even enter high school. Students should make it clear that the content of physics in high school is basically the same as that in junior high school, but it is still force, heat, electricity, and light, but it is a little deeper than that of junior high school. As for atomic physics, on the one hand, the content is shallow, and on the other hand, it occupies a small proportion of textbooks, so there is no need to be afraid and nervous. If students do not lose their mental balance, they will build up the confidence to learn physics well.

2. Do a good job in the transition of physics knowledge in junior and senior high schools.

The depth and breadth of high school physics learning have been greatly increased compared with that of junior high school, and the physical phenomena studied are more complex. When analyzing physical problems, we should not only start from experiments, but sometimes also from the establishment of physical models, and explore problems from many aspects and levels. In the process of physics learning, there are more abstract thinking than figurative thinking, and dynamic thinking is more than static thinking, which requires students to master inductive, analogical reasoning and deductive reasoning methods, especially to have scientific imagination ability.

END.

Chapter 14:

Predict whether the 2019 college entrance examination will be difficult and the difficulty will rise

Every year before the college entrance examination, some senior high school candidates will want to know which is more difficult compared with the difficulty of today's college entrance examination and last year's college entrance examination, and know that this will make the candidates more mentally prepared, the college entrance examination in 2018 has passed, so will the difficulty of the college entrance examination in 2019 be born?

It is expected that the difficulty of the college entrance examination in 2019

In fact, the difficulty of the college entrance examination every year is different for each student, and the difficulty of the college entrance examination in each province has a lot to do with what test papers are used, for example, this year's Jiangsu paper is more difficult, especially the mathematics test paper. Even if the province uses the same test paper, the average score of the college entrance examination is high and low, many candidates who have passed the college entrance examination in 2018 know that this year's national 3 papers are still relatively simple, especially reflected in the mathematics papers, and the national 1 volume of mathematics test papers is still relatively difficult compared to the mathematics of the national 3 volumes, and the admission score line of the college entrance examination in each province is different, some are high, some are low, and the obvious comparison is in the provinces that use the same test paper.

And the teacher will also tell us that there are certain rules in the difficulty of the college entrance examination papers every year, but not all, some years may break these rules, the college entrance examination is difficult and easy every year, which we summarize from the annual college entrance examination, basically most of the years are.

No matter how difficult the college entrance examination is in 2019, as long as you study well, no matter what kind of test paper, you feel that it is very simple, but if you don't know anything, even if it is a very simple test paper, it will be very difficult for you.

If it is predicted according to the law mentioned above, it may be easier to have one paper in the country, and three papers in the country will be more difficult, and the other test papers can be predicted in order according to the difficulty in 2018, but this is uncertain, because there are many factors that affect the difficulty of the college entrance examination.

Factors that affect the difficulty of the college entrance examination

In fact, there is no name for the factors that affect the difficulty of the college entrance examination, there are many times, and the teacher has a lot to do with it, the most important objective factors, the difficulty of the college entrance examination questions, in fact, there is no name to specify how difficult it must be this year, or how simple it is this year, are all based on the teacher's questions, some teachers should also take into account some factors in the society when they ask questions.

END.

Chapter 20:

The latest plan for the 2021 college entrance examination reform is three minutes to read the new college entrance examination

Judging from the plans announced by various places, the overall direction of reform is generally the same, and the vast majority of provinces have made it clear that they will reform the college entrance examination subject setting and candidate admission mechanism to promote the comprehensive and individual development of students; Many localities have also introduced targeted and specific implementation measures according to the actual local conditions.

1. What are the differences in the new college entrance examination?

Arts and sciences are not divided into subjects, and the "3+3" model is implemented in many places, and foreign languages are tested twice a year

In the new plan for the college entrance examination, the non-division of arts and sciences has become a trend in the reform of the college entrance examination in various places, and the "3+3" college entrance examination subjects have also become a new model for the college entrance examination in many provinces in the future.

The "3+3" model means that the college entrance examination results of candidates applying for ordinary undergraduate colleges and universities will be composed of the results of the three unified college entrance examinations of Chinese, mathematics and foreign language, and the results of the three graded examination subjects of the general high school academic proficiency test selected by the candidates. Students are no longer divided into arts and sciences and can choose their own subjects. As far as the three elective subjects are concerned, the "6 out of 3" model is mostly adopted in various localities, that is, 3 subjects are independently selected from the 6 subjects of ideology and politics, history, geography, physics, chemistry and biology as the examination subjects. It is worth noting that Zhejiang adopts the "7 out of 3" model, in addition to the 6 subjects mentioned above, there is also more "technology (including general technology and information technology)" subject.

In terms of score setting, most provinces have clearly unified the full score of Chinese, mathematics and foreign language in the college entrance examination with a full score of 150 points, and students choose 3 subjects with a full score of 100 points each, with a total score of 750 points. However, Shanghai and Tibet are different, with a clear score of 70 points for each of the three optional subjects, and a total score of 660 points for the college entrance examination, in addition, the score of the Jiangsu college entrance examination subjects has not yet been finalized, but it is clearly higher than the current 480 points. Hainan requires the results of candidates to be presented with the standard score converted from the original score of each subject, which is currently the only province that adopts the standard score as a scoring method.

One measure that corresponds to the change in the subjects of the gaokao is the high school academic proficiency test, and many provinces have also announced a timetable for the reform. For example, Beijing will start the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination in 2017, starting from the ordinary high schools enrolled in the fall, the grades will begin to implement the high school academic proficiency test, the implementation of the qualification test and the grade test, and the results of the three subjects of the academic proficiency test included in the total score of college enrollment and admission are presented in grades, and other subjects are generally presented as "qualified and unqualified".

Striving to eliminate the "one examination for life" is the key direction of the new round of college entrance examination reform. Among the 19 provinces that have announced the reform plan for the college entrance examination, the vast majority of provinces have made it clear that foreign language subjects provide two opportunities for examination, and candidates can choose the higher one of the test scores to be counted.

In terms of deepening the reform of foreign language examinations, Shanghai has made it clear that it will build a foreign language standardized test question bank and standardized test room, and foreign language tests should accumulate experience for the gradual implementation of standardized tests in other subjects in the future.

280% of provincial and municipal reforms will be implemented in 2020 and 2021

Comprehensive reform plan for the Beijing college entrance examination

Execution: 2020

Starting from the first year of high school in the fall of 2017, the liberal arts and science subjects will be abolished. From 2020 onwards, the subjects of the college entrance examination will be Chinese, mathematics and foreign language. The results of the college entrance examination are composed of the results of the three unified examinations and the results of the three graded examination subjects of the general high school academic proficiency examination selected by the candidates. English is tested twice a year.

Tianjin College Entrance Examination Comprehensive Reform Plan

Execution: 2020

Starting from the first year of high school in the fall of 2017, the liberal arts and science subjects will be abolished. From 2020 onwards, the subjects of the college entrance examination will be Chinese, mathematics and foreign language. The results of the college entrance examination are composed of the results of the three unified examinations and the results of the three graded examination subjects of the general high school academic proficiency examination selected by the candidates. English is tested twice a year, and the higher score is included in the total score of the college entrance examination.

Hebei College Entrance Examination Comprehensive Reform Plan

Execution: 2021

Starting from the first year of high school students enrolled in the fall of 2018, the liberal arts and science subjects will be abolished; Foreign language subjects are offered twice to take the exam. From 2021 onwards, the subjects of the college entrance examination will be Chinese, mathematics, and foreign language. The results of the college entrance examination are composed of the subjects of the unified examination and the subjects selected by the students. Phasing out the admission batches for college admissions.

Shanxi College Entrance Examination Comprehensive Reform Plan

Execution: 2021

From the first year of high school students admitted in the fall of 2018, there is no distinction between arts and sciences. From 2021 onwards, the subjects of the college entrance examination will be Chinese, mathematics, and foreign language. The results of the college entrance examination are composed of the subjects of the unified examination and the subjects selected by the students. Foreign language listening is "twice a year", and the higher score is included in the total score of the college entrance examination

Comprehensive reform plan for the college entrance examination in Inner Mongolia

Execution: 2021

From the first year of high school students admitted in the fall of 2018, there is no distinction between arts and sciences. From 2021 onwards, the subjects of the college entrance examination will be Chinese, mathematics, and foreign language. The results of the college entrance examination are composed of the subjects of the unified examination and the subjects selected by the students.

Heilongjiang College Entrance Examination Comprehensive Reform Plan

Execution: 2021

From the first year of high school students admitted in the fall of 2018, there is no distinction between arts and sciences. Foreign language subjects are offered twice to take the exam. From 2021 onwards, the subjects of the college entrance examination will be Chinese, mathematics, and foreign language. The results of the college entrance examination are composed of the subjects of the unified examination and the subjects selected by the students. Jilin College Entrance Examination Comprehensive Reform Plan

Jilin College Entrance Examination Comprehensive Reform Plan

Execution: 2021

Beginning with the first year of high school students enrolled in the fall of 2018, regardless of arts and sciences. Foreign language subjects are offered twice to take the exam. From 2021 onwards, the subjects of the college entrance examination will be Chinese, mathematics, and foreign language. The results of the college entrance examination are composed of the subjects of the unified examination and the subjects selected by the students.

Liaoning College Entrance Examination Comprehensive Reform Plan

Execution: 2021

Beginning with the first year of high school students enrolled in the fall of 2018, regardless of arts and sciences. Foreign language subjects are offered twice to take the exam. From 2021 onwards, the subjects of the college entrance examination will be Chinese, mathematics, and foreign language. The results of the college entrance examination are composed of the subjects of the unified examination and the subjects selected by the students.

Shanghai College Entrance Examination Comprehensive Reform Plan

Execution: 2017

Since 2017, the subjects of the college entrance examination have been Chinese, mathematics and foreign language, regardless of arts and sciences. The results of the college entrance examination are composed of the subjects of the unified examination and the subjects selected by the students, with a full score of 660 points. The foreign language test is held twice a year, and the better one can be included in the total score of the college entrance examination. Since 2016, the first and second batches of undergraduate enrollment have been merged, and according to the total score of the student's college entrance examination and the college choice, the parallel voluntary application and admission will be implemented in each school. Students who only apply for the junior college higher vocational volunteer will only be counted in the three unified college entrance examinations of Chinese, mathematics and foreign language. Admission to junior colleges and higher vocational schools is based on the results of the unified college entrance examination.

Shandong College Entrance Examination Comprehensive Reform Plan

Execution: 2020

Beginning of the fall 2017 high school induction, regardless of arts and sciences; Starting from 2020, the subjects of the summer college entrance examination will be Chinese, mathematics, and foreign language. The foreign language test is conducted in two sessions. The total score of the college entrance examination is composed of 3 subjects and students' optional subjects, with a total score of 750 points; Implement the "professional (class) + school" voluntary filling mode. From 2020 onwards, the total score of the Spring College Entrance Examination Unified Examination is 750 points, with 320 in the Chinese quality part and 430 in the professional skills part.

Jiangsu College Entrance Examination Comprehensive Reform Plan

Execution: 2021

From 2021 onwards (starting from the fall of 2018 for high school freshmen), the subjects of the Jiangsu Provincial General College Entrance Examination will remain unchanged in 3 subjects: Chinese, mathematics and foreign language; The elective subjects are adjusted from the current "2 out of 6" to "3 out of 6", and will be included in the total score of college admissions.

Comprehensive reform plan for Anhui college entrance examination

Execution: 2021

In 2021, the total score of candidates admitted to the college entrance examination is not divided into arts and sciences. Improving the format and modalities of the lower secondary academic proficiency test. Increase the opportunity for universities and students to choose in both directions. Reduce and standardize exam bonus points. The High School Scholastic Proficiency Test covers all subjects. Comprehensive quality evaluation has become an important reference for graduation and further education.

Zhejiang College Entrance Examination Comprehensive Reform Plan

Execution: 2017

The test subjects are other than the number of languages + 3 optional subjects, regardless of arts and sciences; Except for the number of languages, there are 2 attempts to take the exam in other subjects, and the results are valid for 2 years; Colleges and universities announce the scope of selected subjects two years in advance, with a maximum of 3 subjects, and candidates can apply for the examination if they meet 1 subject; The college entrance examination admission is not divided into batches, and the "major + school" parallel volunteering is submitted in parallel according to the major; Grading scheme: Candidates are assigned points according to the grades of each subject, and the passing results of the current high school examination are the premise of assigning points, and no points will be assigned if the high school examination is unqualified. The starting point is 40 points, out of 100 points, and there are 21 levels, with a difference of 3 points for each level.

Jiangxi College Entrance Examination Comprehensive Reform Plan

Execution: 2021

Beginning with the fall 2018 entry of high school students, the liberal arts and science majors will be abolished. By 2021, the college entrance examination will be conducted in accordance with the "3+3" standard.

Fujian College Entrance Examination Comprehensive Reform Plan

Execution: 2021

From 2021 onwards, the unified college entrance examination subjects will be Chinese, mathematics, and foreign language, regardless of arts and sciences; Foreign language subjects are provided with 2 opportunities to take the exam; The candidate's total score is composed of the UEC subjects and the results of 3 subjects selected by the student.

Henan College Entrance Examination Comprehensive Reform Plan

Execution: 2021

Starting from the first year of high school students enrolled in the fall of 2018, the total score of the college entrance examination is composed of the results of the three subjects of Chinese, mathematics and foreign language and the test results of the three optional subjects of the unified college entrance examination.

Hubei College Entrance Examination Comprehensive Reform Plan

Execution: 2021

In 2018, the first-year high school freshmen began to implement it, and the arts and sciences are not divided into subjects; From 2021, the "3+3" model will be implemented. The total score of the college entrance examination = the score of the national college entrance examination of "other than the number of languages" + the score of 3 "academic examinations"; There are two attempts to take the foreign language test, and the better one can be selected to be counted in the college entrance examination score.

Hunan College Entrance Examination Comprehensive Reform Plan

Execution: 2021

In 2018, the first-year high school freshmen began to implement it, and the arts and sciences are not divided into subjects; From 2021, the "3+3" model will be implemented. The total score of the college entrance examination = the score of the national college entrance examination of "other than the number of languages" + the score of 3 "academic examinations"; There are two attempts to take the foreign language test, and the better one can be selected to be counted in the college entrance examination score. After the implementation of the new college entrance examination policy, going to class will become the norm.

Comprehensive reform plan for the college entrance examination in Guangdong

Execution: 2021

From 2021 (starting from the fall of 2018 for high school freshmen), the college entrance examination will begin to implement a comprehensive reform plan for the college entrance examination, and the college entrance examination subjects will be "3+3", that is, the examination method of 3 subjects of Chinese, mathematics, foreign language and 3 subjects of the high school academic proficiency test.

Guangxi College Entrance Examination Comprehensive Reform Plan

Execution: 2022

From the fall of 2019 onwards, students will be admitted to the new high school year, regardless of arts and sciences; From 2022 onwards, the "3+3" model will be implemented. The total score of the college entrance examination = the score of the national college entrance examination of "other than the number of languages" + the score of 3 "academic examinations"; The foreign language subject (including listening) is tested twice. The evaluation method of "total score of candidates + comprehensive quality evaluation" is implemented for college admission.

Hainan College Entrance Examination Comprehensive Reform Plan

Execution: 2020

From 2020 onwards (starting from the fall of 2017 for high school freshmen), the total score of the college entrance examination = the results of the national college entrance examination of "other than the number of languages" + the results of 3 "academic examinations"; The admission batch only consists of the undergraduate batch and the junior college batch, that is, the original first, second and third batches will be merged into the undergraduate batch. Candidates for the preliminary batch of undergraduate batches can fill in 20 "college professional groups" volunteers. In each "College Professional Group", candidates can fill in a maximum of 6 professional volunteers and whether they are subject to professional adjustment volunteers. The college entrance examination time is adjusted to 4 days, and the unified examination subjects (language, mathematics, foreign language) will be held on June 7-8; The selection of subjects will be held on June 9-10

Shaanxi College Entrance Examination Comprehensive Reform Plan

Execution: 2022

From 2022 onwards (starting from the first year of high school students enrolled in the fall of 2019), the results of the college entrance examination are composed of the results of the three subjects of Chinese, mathematics and foreign language of the national unified examination and the graded test results of the three subjects of students' choice. There are two attempts to take the foreign language subject, and the better one is selected to be included in the overall score.

Ningxia College Entrance Examination Comprehensive Reform Plan

Execution: 2022

The subjects of the unified college entrance examination are adjusted to 3 subjects of Chinese, mathematics and foreign language, and the score remains unchanged, regardless of arts and sciences, and the optional subjects are adjusted to "choose 3 out of 6".

Gansu College Entrance Examination Comprehensive Reform Plan

Execution: 2022

The total score of the candidates is composed of the results of the three subjects of Chinese, mathematics and foreign language in the unified college entrance examination and the results of the three subjects of the high school academic proficiency test. Foreign language subjects are offered twice to take the exam.

Qinghai College Entrance Examination Comprehensive Reform Plan

Execution: 2022

Implement the "3+3" examination mode, and select "3 out of 6 subjects"; Foreign language subjects are offered twice to take the exam; The college entrance examination enrollment is based on "two bases and one reference"; In 2018, parallel volunteering will be fully implemented in all batches, and conditions will be created to gradually cancel the batch of college admissions.

Comprehensive reform plan for Xinjiang college entrance examination

Execution: 2022

Not yet.

Chongqing College Entrance Examination Comprehensive Reform Plan

Execution: 2021

Freshmen entering high school in 2018 will start with the exam, regardless of arts and sciences; Starting in 2021, the total score of the college entrance examination will be the sum of the subjects of the national unified examination (Chinese, mathematics, foreign language) + the selected subjects of the high school academic proficiency test;

Sichuan College Entrance Examination Comprehensive Reform Plan

Execution: 2021

Starting from the first year of high school for new students in the fall of 2018, the academic proficiency test subjects included in the total score of the college entrance examination will be subject to the unified proposition, unified examination, unified marking and unified announcement of the results of the province; Starting from 2021, the subjects of the unified college entrance examination will be set up as Chinese, mathematics, and foreign language, regardless of arts and sciences, and foreign language subjects will be provided with two test opportunities, and the best score will be included in the overall score; Starting from 2021, the enrollment time of the higher vocational college examination will be arranged in the spring of that year; Cancel all encouraged bonus points such as sports students.

Guizhou College Entrance Examination Comprehensive Reform Plan

Execution: 2021

It will be implemented for first-year high school students enrolled in the fall of 2018, and it will no longer be divided into arts and sciences; Starting in 2021, the college entrance examination results will be composed of "3+3"; The admission mechanism is "two bases and one reference".

Yunnan College Entrance Examination Comprehensive Reform Plan

Execution: 2022

Starting with first-year high school students enrolled in the fall of 2019, the reform of the unified college entrance examination will be implemented. In 2022, the Yunnan College Entrance Examination is not divided into arts and sciences, and foreign language subjects will provide two examination opportunities, and the examination subjects will be changed from the current 3+ literature and science comprehensive to "3+3".

Comprehensive reform plan for the Tibetan college entrance examination

Execution: 2021

Starting from the first-year high school students enrolled in the fall of 2018, the comprehensive reform of the enrollment of ordinary colleges and universities will be fully launched, and from 2021, the unified college entrance examination subjects will be adjusted, and the college entrance examination will no longer be divided into arts and sciences.

END.