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Chapter 130: Ancient Dragon-Ice and Snow-Water Soft

The thinking carrier of the intelligent human beings of the Blue Planet is language or speech, and language or speech is the symbolic carrier of the thinking of the intelligent human beings of the Blue Planet.

There are several hypotheses about the relationship between language, speech, and thinking. One view is to see language, speech, and thinking as one and the same thing.

In ancient XL times, Plato believed that "when the mind is thinking, it is nothing more than speaking within itself, asking and answering questions...... Thought is the subject of the conversation, and judgment is the statement that is spoken, but it is said silently to oneself, not loudly to others. ”

Blue Planet's behaviorist school of psychology also holds this view. Watson sees the mind as no different from self-talk, and he sees the mind as a completely silent language, only because the physical interaction is subtle and faint, so it is difficult to observe using the usual methods.

Blue Planet's neo-behaviorist Skinner considers thinking to be silent, faint, or covert verbal acts.

Another view is the idea that thinking is different from language and speech. Aristotle held this view, arguing that "speech is the symbol of mental experience, and writing is the symbol of speech." Humans don't have the same problems and don't have the same pronunciation; But the mental experiences that these words and sounds represent, and the things that these experiences reflect, are common to all. ”

This is to say that thinking is not equal to language. Today, many Western psychologists also hold this view. J. Piaget was one of them. He begins with a history of the origins of the relationship between language and thought. Arises from the individual and develops the trend. From the comparative study of normal children and blind, deaf and mute children, it is found that thinking precedes language, and language can help the development of thinking through the role of abstraction.

Language and thinking are interdependent, and the more precise the thinking, the more language is needed. Vygotsky, a psychologist in the former O country, also believes that thinking and sound language have different origins and different lines of development. Thinking and spoken language are not the same thing.

Another insight from Blue Planet scholars is that B? The extreme view that language determines thinking. He believes that language governs the mind, and it is the shaper of thought. It is a program and guide for personal psychological activities, personal analysis of phenomena, and personal comprehensive ideological materials.

The formation of ideas is not an independent process, but part of some special grammar; The formation of ideas varies somewhat in a variety of different grammars.

Language, speech and thinking are closely linked. First of all, language and speech are the tools of human communication, the main tools of thinking, and the direct realization of ideas.

Language is composed of the grammatical structure of certain words (including word form, word sound, and word meaning), which cannot be made up of rules and regulations, and is a tool for people to express and communicate ideas; Speech is a tool used to express and communicate ideas; Speech is the process of using language to express and communicate ideas.

Speech is not an empty stream of sound, but a psychological phenomenon with definite meaning and content. The meaning of words (the meaning of words and sentences) is the content of thinking, that is, people's ideas and concepts; Grammatical institutions and grammatical rules are also concrete expressions of the logical laws of human thought.

The difference in the level of thinking of individuals also directly affects the difference in speech level. People need to use language to carry out indirect and generalized abstract logical thinking.

Therefore, language and speech are the most suitable "material shells" of the mind. Thinking must be ahead of words and words, and the final result of thinking must be borne by this action.

Although not all people think in words. Sometimes scientific symbols (such as quantitative formulas, numbers, musical notes, bells, sirens, light symbols, flags, bands, traffic conductors, etc.) are used, but these symbols are only auxiliary forms of language, without which people's thoughts cannot be clearly and accurately expressed.

Individual language mastery and the use of speech play an important role in the development of human thinking. Practice has proved that speech can promote the development of people's thinking and thinking quality.

But language, speech, and thinking are not the same. First, thinking and the basic forms of thinking (concepts, judgments, reasoning) are the reflection of the essential characteristics of objective reality and its laws, and there is an inevitable connection between thinking and objective things. Language and speech are only signs and symbols of objective things, and they have no necessary connection with objective things, but only reflect objective reality on behalf of thinking, so they cannot be equated.

Second, the words in language, speech, and concepts in thinking are not exactly the same or the same. The concept of unity can be marked by a number of different words, such as doctors, physicians, doctors, doctors, etc., who are engaged in curing diseases; The same word can express different concepts, for example, "benevolence" represents both the concept of fruit and the concept of morality; In addition, some imaginary words do not indicate concepts.

Third, thinking is a spiritual phenomenon and does not have materiality, while language is its material coat and has a certain materiality (word form, phonetics), so the two cannot be confused. Internal speech is characterized by the concealment of articulatory organs. When a person thinks silently, its musculature allows it to move and send kinesthetic stimuli to the cerebral cortex. But this internal language is not equal to thinking.

Fourth, there is often a contradiction between thinking and language and speech. When people use language materials to express their thoughts, there will be a phenomenon that the words do not reach the meaning and the hearts and mouths are inconsistent. This would not be the case if language, speech, and thinking were the same or the same. Fifth, the rules of grammar and the laws of thinking are not the same. Although the grammar rules of various ethnic groups have commonalities, their differences are very obvious. Although there are some differences in the laws of thinking between different nationalities, the common laws are the main ones.

The basic characteristics of the Blue Planet's intelligent human mind are as follows:

1. Generalization - the premise of thinking is that people have formed or mastered concepts. To grasp concepts is to analyze, synthesize, and compare a class of things, and to abstract common and essential attributes or characteristics from them and summarize them.

Generalization is the basis of intellectual qualities such as the speed of mental activity, the flexibility of the transfer process, the breadth and depth, and the creation of the program. Rubinstein, a psychologist in the former O country, believes that migration is generalization. The higher the generalization, the more systematic the knowledge will be, and the more flexible the transfer. Then a person's intellectual and thinking abilities should be developed more and more.

2. Indirectness: Indirectness is the indirect reaction of thinking to objective things with knowledge and experience.

First of all. Thinking relies on knowledge and experience. It can reflect on things that do not act directly on the sensory organs, as well as their properties or connections. For example, if you wake up early in the morning and find that the floor in the yard is wet and the roof is also wet, you can tell that it rained last night.

Second, the mind, by virtue of knowledge and experience, is able to reflect on things and their properties that cannot be directly perceived at all. That is to say, the mind inherits and develops the cognitive function of perceiving and remembering appearances, but it goes far beyond their boundaries. The indirectness of thinking enables one to reveal the essence and inner laws of things that cannot be perceived.

Third. By virtue of knowledge and experience, the mind can expand endlessly on the basis of the understanding of real things. Hypothesis, imagination and understanding are all based on the indirectness of this thinking. For example, making plans and anticipating the future is the form of this table. This indirectness of thinking enables thinking to react on practice and guide practice.

3. Logic -- The characteristic of logic reflects that thinking is an abstract theoretical understanding, indicating that the thinking process has a certain form and method, and proceeds according to certain laws.

The conditions and basis for the formation of concepts are social practices. A large number of rich perceptual experiences arise from practice, which promotes the deepening of people's cognitive activities. Concepts are generated.

On the basis of concepts, judgment and reasoning are further constituted. Judgment is a form of thinking that affirms or denies the object of thought, expressed in the form of sentences. Judgment is a form of thought, but it is different from a statement:

(1) Judgment is the form of thinking, while sentence is the form of speech.

(2) The same judgment can be expressed in different sentences, such as "everything contains contradictions", and this judgment can be expressed in "there is no thing that does not contain contradictions", "how can there be things that do not contain contradictions!" and so on.

(3) Not all statements express judgments, such as "What day of the week is today?" This statement is not a judgment on things. Judgment not only reflects the thought process, but also expresses one's emotions and desires. For example, "I love Tiananmen Square in Beijing", "I want to buy a TV", etc.

Judgment can also express people's evaluation of things, when people use a certain standard as the basis for judgment.

Reasoning is a form of thinking in which new judgments are deduced from one or several known judgments. Inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning are the two main forms of reasoning. In inductive reasoning, starting from facts, generalizing them in order to explain the relationship between observed things and draw general conclusions. From the general to the individual, the application of theories and principles to the concrete is deductive reasoning. Concepts, judgments, and reasoning are forms of thinking.

4. Profundity - The profundity of thinking refers to the fact that the human brain on the basis of perceptual materials, through the thinking process, to extract the essence from the coarse, to the false and retain the true, from this to the other, from the surface to the inside, so in the brain to generate a mutation of the cognitive process, resulting in a generalization.

Because of generalization, people grasp the essence of things, the totality of things, the internal connection of things, and understand the regularity of things. In this process, the individual shows the difference in profundity, and the profundity of thinking concentrates on the fact that he is good at thinking deeply about problems, grasping the laws and essence of things, and foreseeing the development process of things.

Specifically, there are differences in the personality of the forms of thinking, that is, in the depth of forming concepts, constituting judgments, reasoning and argumentation.

There are differences in the personality of thinking methods, that is, in how to concretely, comprehensively, and deeply understand the essence of things and the relationship between internal laws, just as there are differences in how inductive and deductive reasoning are unified, how the special and the general are unified, and how the concrete and the abstract are unified.

There are differences in the profundity of the personality differences of the laws of thinking, that is, in the laws of ordinary thinking, in the laws of dialectical thinking, and in the specific laws used in thinking about different disciplines.

Only by consciously following the laws of thinking can we make the concepts clear, the judgments appropriate, the reasoning reasonable, the arguments reasonable, and the abstract logic, that is, the profundity.

The depth and breadth of thinking and the personality difference of difficult Cheng dù are different in the thorough and delicate Cheng dù. A person who can think in terms of depth and difficulty, can consider problems comprehensively and meticulously, and take care of all the conditions related to the problem. Systematically and profoundly reveal the essence of things and the internal regularity of relationships.

5. Flexibility - The flexibility of thinking refers to the intellectual flexibility of thinking activities.

Including: First, the starting point of thinking is flexible. i.e. from different angles, directions, aspects. Ability to solve problems in a variety of ways;

Second, the thinking process is flexible, from analysis to synthesis, from synthesis to analysis, and comprehensively and flexibly "comprehensively analyzed";

The third is generalization - strong migration ability and high consciousness of applying the law; Fourth, it is good at combination analysis and has great flexibility;

Fifth, the result of thinking is often a variety of reasonable and flexible conclusions, which are not only quantitative differences, but also qualitative differences.

6. Originality - The originality of thinking emphasizes the intellectual quality of individual differences in thinking.

It refers to the intellectual quality of independent thinking and creation with novel elements that have social (or personal) value. The subject highly summarizes the information and then migrates it in a centralized and systematic manner. Perform novel combinatorial analyses to identify new levels and junctions.

The higher the generalization, the stronger the systematization of knowledge, the greater the reduction, the more flexible the transferability, and the more focused the attention, the more prominent the originality.

7. Criticality - Criticality of thinking refers to the intellectual quality of thinking activities that are good at rigorously estimating information and meticulously examining the thinking process.

In terms of personality differences in thinking, there are five critical characteristics of thinking:

(1) Analytical. In the thought process, the conditions on which the problem is solved are constantly analyzed and the hypotheses, plans and scenarios that have been formulated are repeatedly verified.

(2) Strategic. In the face of problems, the subject composes corresponding strategies or means to solve problems in his mind according to his original thinking level and knowledge and experience, and then makes these strategies effective in solving thinking tasks.

(3) Comprehensiveness. Good at objectively considering both positive and negative arguments in thinking activities. Carefully grasp the progress of the problem and stick to the correct plan at all times. Modify the wrong scheme.

(4) Independence. That is, not to be swayed by situational hints, not to follow the clouds, and to blindly follow and echo.

(5) Correctness. The thought process is rigorous and organized; The results of thinking are correct, and the conclusions are realistic.

8. Agility - The agility of thinking refers to the speed or speed of the thinking process.

With mental agility, in the process of dealing with problems and solving problems, they can adapt to urgent situations to think positively, think carefully, judge correctly and draw conclusions quickly. It has been said that the speed of thinking includes the correct course.

But we believe that the rashness of thinking is by no means the quality of agility of thinking. In cultivating the agility of thinking, we must overcome the rashness of thinking.

Agility itself does not have a thought process like the above characteristics, but it is interrelated with the above thinking characteristics, and it is both a necessary premise and a concentrated expression of these thinking characteristics.

Without the profundity, flexibility, originality and criticality of highly developed thinking, it is impossible to have a positive mind that adapts to urgent situations in the process of dealing with problems and solving problems, and to draw conclusions correctly and quickly.

In particular, the generalization of mental activity, without which there would be no form of "reduction", let alone speed. At the same time, the profundity, flexibility, originality and criticality of highly developed thinking must be able to be expressed correctly and quickly, as measured by speed.

There are many basic methods of intelligent human thinking on the Blue Planet, which can be summarized as follows:

1. Analysis and synthesis - Analysis and synthesis are the most basic thinking methods and the basis for other thinking processing methods or methods.

Analysis is used to grasp the basic structure, attributes and characteristics of things, that is, to break down objective things into various parts and study them separately.

The analysis methods include qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis, structural analysis, functional analysis, information analysis, pattern analysis and process analysis.

Synthesis is a method of thinking that unifies the various parts, aspects or attributes of things into a whole, aiming to grasp the essence and laws of things as a whole.

Synthesis is the reproduction of the whole thing in the mind according to the internal connection of things. Analysis and synthesis are dialectical unity.

Analysis and synthesis are both distinct and interdependent. On the one hand, analysis is the basis of synthesis, without which thinking cannot be specific and deep, and cannot grasp the specific prescriptiveness of various parts, aspects and attributes of things, and of course cannot be synthesized;

On the other hand, analysis is also inseparable from synthesis, and analysis must always be guided by the results of some kind of synthesis, and with the purpose of synthesis. Without synthesis, the information material of the mind is fragmented and fragmented, cannot be unified into a whole, and it is difficult to have an accurate understanding of the individual parts, aspects and attributes.

2. Comparison - Comparison is the comparison of mental representations of various things in order to determine the difference or the same relationship between them.

3. Abstraction and generalization - Abstraction and generalization are more advanced analytical and synthesis activities. Abstraction is to extract the essential properties of things and discard the non-essential properties of things.

For example, the abstraction of various clocks and watches is to extract the essential attribute of "being able to keep time" and discard non-essential attributes such as size and shape.

Summary: It is to synthesize the extracted essential attributes and generalize them to similar things. For example, a "closed figure composed of three line segments" is called a triangle, and a figure is a triangle regardless of its size, shape, or position, as long as it has the characteristics of "composed of three line segments" and "closed shape".

4. Concretization and Systematization -- (1.) Concretization is the application of abstract and generalized knowledge to individual and concrete occasions.

In teaching or practical work, the application of general principles to solve specific problems is the manifestation of concretization, so that our understanding of things can be deepened and developed.

(2.) Systematization is the process of dividing things with the same essential attributes into certain categories and summarizing them into a certain category system.

In the process of teaching, classifying learning materials, compiling outlines, listing charts, etc., are all systematic work, which makes our understanding of things clearer, clearer and more complete.

Driven by Gu Xiaolong's positive and negative neutrino real mustard seeds, all the thoughts in the brain of the little junior sister Shui Rou were completely cleaned up and brought out without leaving a trace.

That is to say, from then on, the little sister Shui Rou has returned to the newborn baby stage, and her brain is now all blank, and since she was a child, all her thoughts are gone, which is a very ridiculous situation.

But Gu Xiaolong had already thought of such a result, and after emptying all the thoughts of the little junior sister Shui Rou with positive and negative neutrino real mustard seeds, she would also go back at the right time, and the thinking that would go back would be richer and more accurate, you must know that the thinking stored in Gu Xiaolong's supercomputer brain is almost all the knowledge in the entire odd and even space.

Next, it is to take the consciousness in the brain of the little junior sister Shui Rou, Gu Xiaolong continues to gradually bring it out with positive and negative neutrino true mustard seeds, this is a very difficult thing, consciousness is a kind of substance that can no longer be virtual, and it must be recognized by guò to bring out its consciousness little by little.

The consciousness of the intelligent human beings of the Blue Planet is an incomplete and vague concept.

When people think, they feel what they are thinking like images, and they are also human consciousness, and they cannot be accurately described in guò language.

It is generally believed that consciousness is the ability of people to perceive the environment and self and the clear process of cognition. Scientists can't give a precise definition.

For example, someone is aware of something, someone is aware of the self. Sometimes, "awareness" has become synonymous with "awareness", and they can even be interchangeable. (To be continued......)