readx;??? c_t; In addition to the "Prohibition" issued by Dayu with low credibility, among the situations known to Zhang Jiashi, there are several more famous and influential prohibitions. Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 info（

Among them, the "Wine Message" in the early Western Zhou Dynasty is the first officially confirmed prohibition in Chinese history.

The emergence of "Wine Message" has a corresponding historical background.

Judging from the historical records and a large number of unearthed wine vessels, the practice of drinking alcohol among the second generation of **** rulers is very popular. Xia Wei "made Yaotai, struck the people's power, lost the people's wealth, and was the wine pond dregs." indulged in the pleasure of three thousand people drank the cow with one drum". Xia Wei was finally exiled by Shang Tang. The drinking habits of the Shang Dynasty aristocracy did not subside, but intensified. The unearthed sake vessels are not only large in number and variety, but also ingenious in their production, which can be called the world's best.

This speaks volumes about how indulgent rulers are in alcohol. It is said that the merchants drank wine for seven days and seven nights, and the lees were piled up into small hills, and boats could be transported in the wine pool. According to research, the nobles of the Shang Dynasty suffered chronic poisoning due to long-term drinking of leaded bronzes, resulting in a decline in combat effectiveness. The demise of the Shang Dynasty is widely believed to be an important reason for the popularity of alcoholism. When the bronze wine utensils are heated, the copper element will also be integrated into the wine, so that people who drink the wine while warming it will also have chronic copper poisoning.

It is possible that the sudden change in the personality of the Shang King was caused by his copper poisoning. Because copper poisoning also has a relative chance of causing damage to the nervous system.

So in this respect, it speaks volumes about how the rulers indulged in alcohol. It is said that the merchants drank wine for seven days and seven nights, and the lees were piled up into small hills, and boats could be transported in the wine pool. According to research, the nobles of the Shang Dynasty suffered chronic poisoning due to long-term drinking of leaded bronzes, resulting in a decline in combat effectiveness. The demise of the Shang Dynasty is widely believed to be an important reason for the popularity of alcoholism.

That is, because of the historical factors in this regard,

After overthrowing the rule of the Shang Dynasty, the rulers of the Western Zhou Dynasty issued the earliest prohibition of alcohol in China.

The translation of the wine is as follows:

The king said, "A great destiny must be announced in the defense of the country." Your esteemed father, King Wen, founded our country in the West. From morning till night, he admonished the princes, kings, and officials at all levels: 'Wine should be used only during sacrifices.' 'Heaven has decreed that our subjects should drink only during the high sacrifice. Heaven has punished our subjects for their rebellion and loss of morality, all because of alcoholism. There is no such thing as the destruction of any of the vassal states, large and small, that is not caused by excessive drinking. ”

King Wen also admonished the children and grandchildren of the officials, "Don't drink too often. He also admonished the descendants who served in the vassal states: You should drink alcohol only during sacrifices, and you should restrain yourself with morality, and do not get drunk. King Wen also admonished our subjects to teach their children and grandchildren to cherish food and make their hearts kind. Listen well to these precepts left by our ancestors and carry forward the virtues big and small.

O people, stay in your homeland with all your heart, plant the crops with all your own hands and feet, and serve your fathers and brothers diligently. Strive to lead cattle and chariots, go out into the land to trade, honor and support your parents, and your parents will be glad to prepare a sumptuous meal with their own hands, and then you may drink.

Officials at all levels, I hope that you will always listen to my teachings! As long as you can offer wine and food to the old man and the king, you will be able to drink and eat to your heart's content. Read the full text of the latest chapter/That is to say, if you can always reflect on yourself and behave ethically, you can also participate in the sacrifices of the king. If you can limit your drinking and pleasure, you will be able to serve as rulers of the king for a long time. This is also a great virtue praised by God, and the royal family will never forget that you are vassals. ”

There is a theory in later generations that part of the content of the "Wine Message" came from the Shang Dynasty, but this statement lacks major arguments, because the object of the "Wine Message" is mainly the remnants of the Shang Dynasty, so it is not unreasonable for some Shang Dynasty people to appear.

The teaching of the prohibition of alcohol in the "Wine Message" can basically be attributed to the absence of Yi wine, the obsession with group drinking, and the abstinence from Burmese alcohol, and the belief that wine is the root cause of the great chaos and loss of morality and the destruction of the country. This constituted one of the leading ideas of alcohol prohibition in China, and also created a precedent for alcohol prohibition that was clearly recorded in Chinese history.

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A heavy tax on alcohol is also a disguised prohibition because not many people can afford high-priced alcohol.

The first person to impose a heavy tax on liquor was Shang Ying, who did not explicitly prohibit the brewing and sale of liquor, but proposed to impose a tax on liquor ten times the cost. Therefore, wine is a bit too luxurious for the common people of the Qin State.

As for whether there were corresponding family problems after the implementation of such an ordinance in the Qin State at that time, Zhang Jiashi said that even before he crossed, there was no relatively clear punishment plan.

So even more so now.

In the early period of the Western Han Dynasty, the system of "prohibiting group drinking" was implemented, and the law formulated by Xiao He of Xiangguo stipulated: "If more than three people drink in a group for no reason, they will be fined four taels." ("Historical Records: Emperor Wen Benji" Wen Ying's note). This is probably the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, when the new dynasty had just been established, and the ruler had this provision in order to prevent the opposition from gathering people to make trouble. It is forbidden to drink in groups, which is actually based on the "Wine Decree".

In Chinese history, when alcohol was banned, it was often the imperial court that issued a ban on alcohol. The prohibition of alcohol is also divided into several kinds, one is the absolute prohibition of alcohol, that is, both official and private affairs are prohibited, and the whole society does not allow the production and circulation of alcohol; the other is the prohibition of alcohol in local areas, which is more common in some dynasties such as the Yuan Dynasty, the main reason is that different regions, the degree of food abundance is different.

There is also a prohibition of koji and no alcohol, which is a special way, that is, koji is a government monopoly and is not allowed to be manufactured privately, which is prohibited. Without koji, sake brewing would not be possible. There is also a prohibition of alcohol when the state implements a monopoly on liquor, prohibiting private brewing, transporting and selling alcohol.

Historically, alcohol bans have been extremely common, and in addition to the above political reasons, it is more often caused by food problems. Whenever there is a natural disaster** and food is scarce, the imperial court will issue a ban on alcohol. And when there is a good harvest, Prohibition will be lifted. When alcohol is banned, there are strict penalties. If moonshine is found, the koji or brewing tools will be confiscated at the least, and the penalty will be capital punishment.

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In addition to the many prohibitions in different aspects of China's history, in foreign countries, there is a rather famous American prohibition;

From 0:00 a.m. on January 17, 1920, the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, the Prohibition Act (also known as the "Volstein Act"), came into effect. Under this law, it is illegal to manufacture, sell or even transport beverages with an alcohol content of more than 0.5%. It's not an offense to drink at home, but it's illegal to drink with friends or hold a drinking party, which carries a maximum fine of $1,000 and six months in prison. Only people over the age of 21 can buy alcohol, and proof of age is required, and it can only be purchased in limited places.

For a long time, public opinion strongly advocated the prohibition of alcohol, and by the beginning of World War I, two-thirds of the states in the United States were "dry". However, there needs to be a national ordinance to finalize the mission of prohibition. In the 20s, Congress enacted a prohibition on the grounds that alcohol was the root cause of crime. Simply put, it was caused by the women's movement. Since alcoholism caused many problems of domestic violence, a ban on alcohol was implemented to protect women's rights. Moreover, alcohol is also religiously associated with sin, which is also opposed by religious organizations. But Prohibition has instead led to a proliferation of moonshine, with many people enriching themselves by selling moonshine.

A constitutional amendment to the United States prohibiting the brewing, transshipment, and sale of alcoholic beverages. Under pressure from the industrial capitalists, believing that the drinking of alcohol by workers affected labor discipline and productivity, Congress enacted the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1919: "One year after the ratification of this article, the manufacture, sale, or transit of alcoholic beverages shall be prohibited in the territory of the United States and the lands under its jurisdiction." The export or import thereof into the United States and the territories under its jurisdiction shall also be prohibited. ”

This amendment was also supported by American Christian Protestants, who had an ideological tendency toward asceticism, frugality, and self-control, and Prohibition met their requirements. However, the implementation of this amendment gave rise to a new criminal practice of illegally brewing, selling, and smuggling alcoholic beverages, and the federal and state governments needed to supplement their revenues with liquor taxes, and in 1933 Congress enacted the 20th Amendment to the Constitution, which repealed Prohibition.

The reason for the Prohibition in the United States was a continuation of religious problems: many of the early immigrants left their European homeland for religious reasons. These American founders, known as the "Puritans," brought their religious fervor across the Atlantic, making it an extremely important factor in the formation of the American nation. "Puritans" are also those who advocate the fear of God and live an honest life. By the mid-19th century, residents in some parts of the United States began to resort to legal means to restrain those who were greedy for cups, and this civil movement rose and flowed endlessly, and finally set off a tide in the early 20th century.

Although the sale of alcohol is illegal, it is still readily available in speakeasies and other underground organizations, and speakeasies are named after the fact that buyers have to convince the janitors to let them in, and the janitors' job is to filter out people who look like Prohibition agents, who do not have the authority to force their way in, so they cannot enter if the janitors do not agree. There are also many people who have a private bar to entertain visitors. A large amount of wine was smuggled in from Canada by land or from the Great Lakes, as well as from Saint-Pierre and Miquelon in France, and from the East Coast dessert wine smuggling route.

Both legal and illegal home winemaking was popular during the Prohibition period, and a certain amount of wine and cider could be legally made at home. There are also some commercially sold wines, but they can only be purchased from the Public Sale Office for religious ceremonies, especially the Catholic and American Anglican communions, as well as some Jewish ceremonies; Shops selling "malt and hops" sprang up all over the country, and many former distilleries turned to sell syrups derived from malt, ostensibly for baking and "beverage" purposes.

Prohibition in the United States restricts the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol only and does not include the possession and consumption of alcohol, so that alcohol purchased or manufactured prior to the 18th Constitutional Amendment can be legally supplied throughout the Prohibition period.

There are also a number of alcoholic products with alcohol content just below the legal limit, after a little processing these products may be the same as real wine, one of them is called light beer, just under the legal limit of 0.5%, although it is almost alcohol-free, it provides a detailed step-by-step instruction manual, informing buyers of what they should not do, so consumers can easily follow the simple instructions provided to make their own alcoholic beer.

However, after the implementation of Prohibition in the United States, after the implementation of Prohibition, it failed to achieve the purification of Americans' moral sentiments as expected. There was no legal liquor to sell in the market, secret taverns replaced legal taverns, and the smuggling of liquor became more and more profitable. By the early '30s, 10 years after the U.S. Prohibition, many Americans began calling for the ban to be lifted. At that time, the United States was in the midst of a major economic crisis, and the whole country was in a state of panic, and Americans hoped that the fragrant wine would ease their nervous and anxious moods, arouse their desire for a new life, and hope that the restarted liquor and liquor sales industry would stimulate the economy in deep crisis and make it recover as soon as possible.

In 1932, the Democratic presidential candidate Franklin D. Roosevelt made the liberalization of alcohol one of his campaign platforms, and won the support of the American people. In February 1933, the United States Congress passed the Twenty-first Constitutional Amendment, which was also divided into three paragraphs, the first of which stated: "Article 18 of the Constitutional Amendment of the United States of America is hereby repealed." The second paragraph states: "Any carriage or importation of intoxicating articles for the purpose of shipment or use therethere in violation of local law shall be prohibited in any state, quasi-state or possessions of the United States." Paragraph 3 states: "This article shall not have effect unless it is ratified as a constitutional amendment by the state constitutional conventions in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution within seven years from the date on which Congress submits it to the states." The following year, with Utah, the 36th state signing the Prohibition Act, Prohibition in the United States was officially repealed, and the once vigorous Prohibition movement came to an end.

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Zhang Jiashi is not unaware that the distilled liquor brewing method he is currently using will increase the harm of alcohol products a lot, and he has not taken corresponding measures as a containment method at present, which will cause corresponding problems for the harm of alcohol products to many people in the Great Qin Empire.

Moreover, distilled spirits need significantly more corresponding raw materials in the brewing process, because distilled spirits are more of a kind of alcohol produced by alcohol purification, in this regard, distilled spirits are a kind of concentrated high liquor, and it is inevitable to maintain the corresponding level of this distilled spirit and increase its grain brewing method.

However, Zhang Jiashi did not take corresponding measures in this regard, mainly taking into account the circulation impact of the corresponding crops.

After all, it was the emergence of these distilled liquors that the phenomenon of old grain having to be discarded in many places of the Great Qin Empire did not occur, which increased the utilization rate of the corresponding crops in the Great Qin Empire in disguise. That's a good thing.

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