To a certain extent, "Zhou Li" is a continuation of the etiquette thinking in the concept of "ritual music".

Ritual music began from the ****, to the early Zhou Dynasty Zhou Gong "system of ritual music" to form a unique cultural system, and then through Confucius and Mencius, the essence of the predecessors was aggregated to create a Confucian cultural system with etiquette, music, benevolence and righteousness as the core, so as to be inherited and exhibited to this day, which is an important part of ancient Chinese civilization.

There is a concept that the "culture of etiquette and music" of the Chinese nation has laid the foundation for China to become a "country of etiquette and music", also known as the "state of etiquette". In the history of Chinese civilization, the "ritual and music culture" has created the glory of mankind. Although modern industrial and commercial scientific and technological civilization attaches too much importance to material interests, the traditional "ritual culture" has been impacted by the commercial secular culture, and has lost the essential spirit of classical simplicity.

However, the traditional "ritual culture" can still play a role in improving human morality and enabling people to achieve self-improvement. As early as the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, the ancient sages formed a set of quite perfect ritual and music system through the making of rituals and music, and promoted it as a moral and ethical ritual and music education to maintain the harmony of human ethics in the social order. The Lile civilization has had a significant and far-reaching impact in the history of the Chinese civilization exhibition for thousands of years, and it still has its strong vitality today.

Chinese culture attaches great importance to ritual music. Etiquette refers to various rules of etiquette, and music includes music and dance. The origin of ritual music is synchronized with the evolution of human civilization.

The background of the formation of China's "ritual and music culture" is based on the harmony of heaven and earth and the natural order of heaven and earth. "Harmony" (the spirit of music), so that all things can be born. "Order" (the spirit of etiquette), so all things can have their own characteristics. From this, it can be seen that "music" is the masculinity formed in "heaven". And "rite" is formed by the feminine nature of "earth". From the perspective of the exhibition of human history and civilization, we either attach equal importance to "etiquette and music" from the beginning, or etiquette is more important than music. Rather, there is "music" first, and then with the exhibition of history, it gradually develops into "ritual music". The rites that the people are familiar with are the Zhou rites, which were formulated by the Duke of Zhou.

The culture of ritual music is derived from the exhibition of sacrificial culture. The original meaning of "rite", according to Xu Shen's "Shuo Wen Jie Zi": "Rite, fulfillment, so God blesses it." From the show from the Feng. The so-called "豊" is "a vessel for salutation, from the bean, to the pictogram." According to the research of the neighbor kingdom, "Feng" is a ritual weapon, but it is not "from the bean", but "like the shape of the two jades in the vessel". The ancients saluted with jade, and the so-called "Gu Nai Beiyu" in "Shangshu Pangeng" said that it was to worship God with jade.

Judging from the structure of the word "wai" (i.e., "豊") in the oracle bone divination, it is a vessel that holds two jades to serve the gods. Based on this, Wang came to the conclusion that Sheng Yu was called a blessing by a god and a man, and the wine liquor of a god was also called a liquor, and the thing of a god and man was generally called a gift.

Therefore, the original meaning of "rite" refers to the vessel of sacrifice to the gods, and then it is used as a religious ritual to worship the gods, and then it refers to various behaviors and rituals in the daily life of human society. As for its origins, they all belong to the ancient sacrificial culture.

"I Ching?Yu Hexagram": The first king admired virtue with music, recommended God, and matched the ancestral examination. "The Book of Rites" says: Rites and music are the sincerity of heaven and earth, the virtue of the gods, and the gods of Longxing. He also said: "Those who are happy are peaceful, and lead the gods to follow the heavens, and those who are worshipful are discerning, and those who live in ghosts follow the earth." Therefore, the saints made peace with the heavens, and made rituals to match the land. ”

The "Book of Rites and Rituals" says: "All the way to govern people, do not be in a hurry to rituals, and there are five classics of rituals, do not be in a hurry to sacrifice." Liang Qi's "Religious Etiquette of the Three Dynasties" once waved according to it: Etiquette is also the norm of all human behaviors. Some people are so coming-of-age ceremonies, if the crown ceremony is, if some people are connected with people, if the scholars meet each other, some people are for the clan and family, if the funeral ceremony is dusk, there is the ceremony of connecting between clans and clans, if there is a ceremony of shooting and drinking in the country, there is a ceremony of connecting with the country, if there is a ceremony of joining the court, if there is a ceremony of meeting with the gods, then the sacrifice is yes. Therefore, it is said: "Etiquette is the way of heaven to smelt human affection." ”

In the Zhou Dynasty, successive monarchs attached great importance to the cultivation of music and dance, and formulated a system of ritual music. From the age of 13, the children of the Zhou royal family and nobles must gradually learn to master various etiquette music and dance, and at the age of 2o, they must fully master the "Six Generations Dance" and "Six Little Dances". In the aristocracy, the cultivation of music and dance was a part of life. The implementation of "Dance of the Six Generations" is to achieve the purpose of governing the country and the people, and to promote people to improve their inner cultivation through music and dance, and consciously abide by the social order, so as to achieve the stability of the whole society.

Confucius repeatedly emphasized the importance of "etiquette and music", and believed that the important symbol of a country's rise and fall lies in "etiquette and music".

First of all, in the big aspects, such as governing the country and securing the country. Confucius believed that if a country wants to be harmonious and stable, it must be courteous and happy. Confucius said: "The Tao is governed by government, and the people are exempted from shame, and the Tao is virtuous, and the Tao is courteous, shameful and characterful." Here, etiquette is put forward as a basic element of governing the country.

Etiquette is to look at it in a small way, it lies in "erudition in literature, about etiquette", cultivating people's realm and sentiment, making people open-minded and open-minded, and also knowing how to regulate their own behavior. That is, "courtesy is close to courtesy, far from shame", knowing what to do and what not to do. "If you are respectful and rude, you will work, if you are cautious and rude, if you are brave and rude, you will be chaotic, and if you are upright and rude, you will hang." Therefore, "Do not see, hear, speak, and move." In Confucius's vision, etiquette is undoubtedly an important way to bring social harmony. It is also known as, "The use of etiquette, harmony is precious." The way of the first king is beautiful, and the small and the big are from it. If you can't do it, you can make peace with it, and if you don't use etiquette, it can't do it. ”

This should be said, and it does make quite sense. For example, although reading may make people more shrewd and resourceful, in general, it is more important to make people more polite, virtuous, gentle, courteous, and courteous.

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In the "Historical Records", there is also a special content of ritual music.

The Book of Rites is a description of the rites:

Taishi Gong said: Dominating all things and serving the masses, how can it be manpower? Yu Zhi is a great courtesing official, looking at the profits and losses of three generations, but he knows the fate of human feelings and makes rituals, and the origin of this is still in place.

Humanity warp and weft, rules are all-pervasive, inducing benevolence and righteousness, binding and punishment, so the virtuous and virtuous are respected, and the heavy ones are favored, so there is always a sea and neat and tidy people. The human body is safe to ride for the gold and the balance of the wrong balance to decorate it; the eyes are good at the five colors, for the black articles to show their ability; the ear music bell chime, for which the eight tones are tuned to swing its heart; the mouth is sweet and sweet, for the shame, sour and salty to its beauty; the love is good and good, for which the pondering of the gui bi to understand its meaning. Therefore, the road is more than the seat, the leather cloth clothes, the more Zhu Xian Dong, the big soup Xuanjiu, so prevent its extravagance and save its carving. It is based on the order of the dignity and humility of the monarch and the court, and the division of Li Shu's clothes, palace food, marriage, and funeral sacrifices. Zhong Ni said: "I don't want to look at those who have poured into the past."

Zhou decay, etiquette and happiness, the size is exceeded, the home of Guan Zhong, and the three returns. Those who abide by the law and abide by the law are insulted to the world, and those who are extravagant and arrogant are called honorable&1t;3>. Since Zi Xia, the senior brother of the disciples, Yuyun "came out to see the beauty and said that he was happy to hear the way of the master, and the two were fighting and failed to make self-determination", and the situation was below the mediocrity, and he gradually became uneducated, and was subordinated to the vulgarity? Confucius said, "It must also be the right name", and Yu Wei did not live in harmony. After Zhong Ni is gone, the employed people are silent and do not lift, or suitable for Qi, Chu, or into the river and sea, isn't it painful!

To Qin has the world, the etiquette of the six countries in the country, the selection of its good, although it is not in line with the holy system, its respect for the monarch and the suppression of the ministers, the court is rich, according to ancient times. As for Gaozu, there are only four seas, and Shusun Tong has gained and detracted a lot, and most of them have attacked Qin. From the title of the Son of Heaven to the names of the assistants and palace officials, few have changed. Filial piety is on the throne, there is a division to determine the etiquette, filial piety is good Taoism, thinking that the appearance of the rituals is not conducive to governance, what is the meaning of bowing? When filial piety, the imperial historian Chao was wrong to know the name of the world's criminal affairs, and several cadres admonished Xiaojing and said: "The princes and vassals, the courtiers are an example, and the system of ancient and modern times is also." Today's big country dictates foreign politics, and if it is not a master in Beijing, it may not be passed on to the future. "Xiaojing uses his plan, and the six countries are against each other, with the wrong name, and the Son of Heaven is wrong to solve the problem. The thing is in the language of "Yuan An". It's just that the post-official is just raising An Lu, and he doesn't dare to reconsider.

Now that he is on the throne, he has attracted Confucian scholars, and he has been determined for more than ten years. Or say that the ancients are peaceful, the people are happy, and Rui should be distinguished, which is to adopt customs and make custom. Hearing this, the imperial history of the edict said: "Gai is ordered to be the king, each has its own prosperity, and the different roads are the same, which is said to be made because of the people, and the custom is also the system." The speaker is called Taikoo, what hope does the people have? The affairs of the Han Yi family, the canonical law is not transmitted, what is the descendant? It is to correct Shuo with the beginning of the ether, change the color, seal the Taishan, and set the ceremony of the hundred officials of the temple, which is regarded as a norm and hangs in the clouds.

Etiquette starts with people. Life has desires, but if you don't want it, you can't be without anger, and if you are angry and have no measure, you will fight, and if you fight, you will be chaotic. The first king hated his chaos, so the system of etiquette and righteousness to nurture people's desires, to give people the desire, so that the desire is not exhausted in things, and things do not yield to desires. Therefore, the rite is raised. Rice sorghum has five flavors, so it raises the mouth; Pepper orchid fen, so nourishing the nose also; bells and drums for orchestra, so nourish the ears also; engraved articles, so eye-catching; There are a few seats in the sparse room, so the body is also raised: the person who is the old man raises it.

The gentleman is not only supported by it, but also good at distinguishing. The so-called distinguisher, the high and the low, the old and the young, the rich and the poor. Therefore, the Son of Heaven crosses the road, so he nourishes the body; Side-loaded stinky syrup, so nourishing the nose also; There is a wrong balance before, so the eyes are also nourished; And the voice of Luan, the martial elephant in the step, the sudden Shaohao, so the ears are also raised; Long Yi Jiu, so raise the letter also; The sleeping man holds the tiger, and the shark is the dragon, so he raises the power. Therefore, the horse of the road must believe in the teaching, and then take it, so it is safe. I know that the reason why my husband is dead and wants to be healthy is also. The reason why the husband is light and the money is raised, the reason why the husband respectfully resigns is the reason why the peace is raised, and the reason why the husband is courteous and righteous is also the reason why the husband is affectionate.

People live for what they see, and if they do, they will die; If you are profitable, you will be harmed; Those who are lazy are safe, and those who are in danger will be in danger; Love is safe, and if it is, it will perish. Therefore, if a saint is a saint in etiquette and righteousness, he will get both; One is emotional, and two are missing. Therefore, the Confucianists will make people gain both, and the ink will make people lose both. It's the difference between Confucianism and Mo.

The extreme of discernment, the foundation of consolidation, the way of authority, and the total of fame. The prince is made by it, so one day down, the ministers and princes also; Fu is by, so donate to the community. Therefore, the strong and powerful soldiers are not enough to win, the high city and deep pools are not enough to be solid, and the strict orders and heavy punishments are not enough to be powerful. If you follow its way, you will do it, and if you don't follow it, you will be wasted. The Chu people are rhinoceros, so they are armor, as hard as gold and stone; Wanzhi is a huge iron, drilled like a bee fly, light and sharp, and killed like a wind. However, the soldiers were dying, and Tang was dead; Zhuang jumped up, and Chu was divided into four ginseng. Is there no strong and profitable soldiers? Therefore, it is not the way to rule. Ruying thought it was dangerous, Jianghan thought it was a pool, blocked it with Deng Lin, and edged it with Fangcheng. However, when the Qin master went to Yan Ying, he was like a vibrating. Is there no danger of fixing the blockage? Therefore, it is not the way to unify it. Cutting and compiling a basket, imprisoning the basket, for the artillery, torture and killing the innocent, the ministers were stunned, and they were not sure of their lives. However, Zhou Shizhi arrived, and the order could not be followed, and his people could not be used. Is it that the order is not strict, and the punishment is not severe?

The soldiers of the ancients are only spears and bows, but the enemy country does not wait to try. The city is not gathered, the ditch is not dug, the solid plug is not the tree, the machine is not changed, but the country is not afraid of the outside and the solid, there is no other reason, the way is evenly divided, and the time is made and sincerely loved, then it should be like the scene. If there is a person who can't help his life, he will be punished, and he will be convicted. Therefore, the punishment of one person will be served by the whole world. Sinners are not especially, but they are convicted of their sins. Therefore, the punishment is provincial and the authority is like a stream, and there is no other reason, and it is the way to do it. Therefore, if you follow its way, you will do it, and if you don't follow it, you will be wasted. The ancients Emperor Yao ruled the world, and he killed one person and punished two people and ruled the world. It is said that "it is powerful but not tried, and the punishment is not used".

Heaven and earth are the foundation of life; The ancestors are the foundation of the kind; The master is also the root of the rule. There is no heaven and earth to be evil, no ancestors are evil, there is no monarch and teacher to govern evilly, and if the three are dead, there will be no peace. Therefore, the ceremony, the heavens, the earth, the ancestors and the king, are the three books of the ceremony.

Therefore, the king of Tiantaizu, the princes dare not conceive, and the great doctor has a permanent sect, so he distinguishes the noble and the low. The noble and the lowly are the foundation of the gain. The suburbs are the Son of Heaven, the society is to the princes, and the scholars are doctors, so the distinguished ones are respectful, the humble ones are humble, the ones who are big are huge, and the small ones are small. Therefore, there are seven generations in the world, five generations in one country, three in the land of five vehicles, two in the land of three vehicles, and those who eat special animals are not allowed to build a temple.

The feast is on the Xuanzun, the fishy fish is on the fish, the first soup, the foundation of expensive food and drink. On the feast of Xuanzun and use thin wine, eat the first millet and rice sorghum, sacrifice the first big soup and be full of shame, and use it yourself. The predicate of the noble book, the predicate of personal use, the two are combined into a text, in order to return to the Taiyi, which is called Dalong. Therefore, the Xuanzun is also on the top, the fishy fish is also on the top, and the first soup of the beans is also a big soup. Lijue Fu also, the success of the Fu taste, the three Yu Buddha food, the dusk is not abolished, the big temple is not the inner corpse, the beginning is not small, one also. The plain of the road, the hemp of the suburbs, the first scattered hemp of the mourning clothes, one also. Three years of crying is not reversed, the song of the Qing Temple is advocated and sighed three times, the county is still a bell to pull the diaphragm, and the strings are crossed, one also.

All etiquette begins with detachment, becomes a document, and ends with taxation. Therefore, it is very prepared, and the love is exhausted; secondly, love and literature wins; Below, the repetition is returned to the one. Heaven and earth are combined, the sun and the moon are bright, the four seasons are ordered, the stars are traveling, the rivers are flowing, all things are prosperous, likes and dislikes are knotted, and joy and anger are appropriate. I think the bottom is smooth, and the top is clear.

Taishi Gong said: To the end! Lilong thought it was extreme, and the world could not gain or lose. The end is in order, the end is corresponding, the text is distinguished, and the observation is said. Those who follow the world will rule, and those who do not follow will be chaotic; Those who follow it are safe, and those who do not follow are in danger. The villain can't.

The appearance of the ceremony is sincere and profound, and the observation of the similarities and differences is solid, and it is weak and weak. His appearance is sincere, and he is good at making a canonical system of ugliness, and he looks forward to it. His appearance is high, he is arrogant, and he thinks that he is high, and he enters the team. Therefore, if the rope is sincere, it cannot be bullied; Hengcheng County, you can't be bullied; If the rules are honest and wrong, you can't deceive the members; If a gentleman judges etiquette, he shall not deceive and deceive. Therefore, the rope is straight; The one who weighs is also equal; Those who follow the rules are also the best of the party; The courtesy is the most humane. However, those who do not do justice are not courteous, and they are called people who have no way; The Dharma is full of etiquette, and it is said to be a person with a good way. In the ceremony, you can think, and you can think about it; It is not easy to think about it, and it is said to be solid. It can be considered and solidified, and it is good to add it, and it is sacred. The heavens are the highest; The earth is the extreme; The sun and the moon are the most bright; The infinite is the extreme; The saint is the ultimate in the Tao.

Use property for use, take the noble and lowly as the text, take the number as the difference, and take the killing as the key. The text is complicated, **** province, and the ceremony is long; Wenxiang Province, **** complicated, and the killing of rites; The appearance of the **** is inside and outside, parallel and miscellaneous, and the etiquette is also in the middle. The gentleman goes up to the top, kills it all the time, and is in the middle. The steps gallop widely, and it is to guard the palace with the nature of a gentleman. The human domain is the domain, and so are the gentlemen. The outside is, the people also. So in the middle of the Yan, the emperor Zhou Hun was in the second order, and the saint was also. Therefore, the accumulation of gifts is also; The great, the wide range of rites; The highest, the long of the ceremony; Those who are wise are also courteous.

Etiquette is because of people's hearts, not from the world. Sincere appearance, save the disadvantages and be elegant. To control Li Yong, to do things in the sect. The love text can be heavy, and it is difficult to kill and fake. Zhong Ni sits on the tree, and Sun Tong is wild. The saints teach, and they can't help it.

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