The content of the "Records of the Rites of the Historians" includes the importance attached to rituals and laws during the Confucian and Mencian periods.

But there is a common word. In this case, the "Historical Records" also has the chapter "Music Records".

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Taishi Gong said: Every time Yu reads Yushu, as for the monarch and the minister, the maintenance is a few peaces, and the humerus is bad, everything is corrupt, and it is not a runny nose. The gentleman does not cultivate virtue for the covenant, and if he is full, he will abandon the ceremony, and he can think about the beginning, and he can only be safe at the beginning, and he will bathe in the ointment and sing about diligence, who can be like this! The humanity at home is deep, its virtue is good, and the people who enjoy it are different. If it is full but not damaged, it will overflow, and if it is full but not held, it will be tilted. Whoever makes pleasure, so rejoice. A gentleman takes humility as a courtesy, takes loss as a pleasure, and enjoys it. I thought that the state was different from each other and had different customs and habits, so I learned from the customs and coordinated the rhythm to make up for the shortcomings and help the flow of politics and religion. The Son of Heaven bowed to the Ming Hall to observe, and the people were salty and cleansed away from the evil, and they were full of deliberation to decorate their nature. Therefore, the sound of Yun Yasong is rational and the people are right, the voice of the voice is excited and excited, and Zheng Wei's song is moving and heart**. And its harmony and harmony, birds and beasts are full of feelings, and the situation is five constants, including likes and dislikes, and the natural trend is also?

The lack of governance and the rise of Zheng Yin, the feudal monarch, the name of the neighboring states, compete for the highest. Since Zhongni can not be tolerated with Qi You, although he retreats from Zhengle to lure the world, when he makes five chapters, he is still indifferent. Ling Chi to the Six Kingdoms, exiled Shen Yi, and then did not return, died of death and annihilation, and the country was in Qin.

Qin II was particularly entertained. Prime Minister Li Sijin admonished: "Give up poetry and books, and be extremely sensitive, so Zoe is afraid; Zhao Gao said: "The five emperors and the three kings have their own names, and they don't attack each other." From the imperial court, down to the people, to receive joy, and be diligent, otherwise this and can't make sense, the solution does not flow, and each of them is a lifetime, the joy of time, why bother Huashan and then go far away?"

Gaozu has passed the chapter of the three marquis of Pei poems, so that the children's songs. Gao Zu collapsed, so that Pei was able to sing and dance in the temple at four o'clock. Filial piety, filial piety, and filial piety have not been changed, and they are just old in Yuefu.

So far, he has been on the throne and made nineteen chapters, so that Li Yannian in the service is in order, and he is worshiped as the assistant lieutenant. Those who know the Pentateuch cannot know the words alone, but they all gather together to study and read them, so that they can inform their meaning, and the text of Dolya.

The Han family often takes the first month of the Xin Temple Taiyi Sweet Spring, and the night temple at dusk, and ends up in the morning. Shooting stars often pass on the altar. And he made seventy men and women sing. Spring song Qingyang, summer song Zhu Ming, autumn song Xixuan, winter song Xuanming. There are many in the world, so it doesn't matter.

I tasted the water of the god horse and thought it was the song of Taiyi again. The song says: "Taiyi Gong is under the sky, stained with red sweat and ochre." Cheng Rong and stumbling thousands of miles, now Anpi Xilong is a friend. "After cutting Dawan thousands of horses, the horse's name is Pu Shao, and the second work is a song. The poem says: "Heavenly horses come from the West Pole, and return to virtue after thousands of miles." Chengling descended to foreign countries, wading in quicksand. Lieutenant Ji Dijin said: "All kings make fun, the upper is to inherit the ancestors, and the lower is to transform the people." Now Your Majesty has won the horse, the poem is a song, and it is in the temple, how can the people of the first emperor know that his voice is evil?" Prime Minister Sun Hong said: "Slander the holy system, be a clan." ”

Every sound arises from the heart of the person. The movement of the human heart is also made by things. Feeling in the object and moving, so the shape is in the sound, the sound correspondingly, so the change, into the square, the sound, the music, the music, and the dry Qi Yuyang, the music also. The musician, the sound is born, and its origin is in the human heart and the feeling of things. Therefore, those who are sad and feel their hearts will chew and kill with their voices, those who are happy with their hearts will be slow down, those who are happy will have their voices scattered, those who are angry will be loud and strong, those who are respectful will be honest and honest, and those who are happy will have their voices gentle and soft. The six are non-sexual, and they feel the object and then move, so the first king is cautious. Therefore, the etiquette is to guide its will, the music is to harmonize its voice, the government is to do its deeds, and the punishment is to prevent its adultery. Lile criminal politics is extremely one, so it is the same as the people's heart.

Those who sound are also those who give birth to people's hearts. The emotion is in the middle, so the form is in the sound, and the sound is the sound of the text. It is the sound of the ruling world that is peaceful and happy, and its righteousness and harmony, the sound of troubled times is angry and angry, and it is obedient, and the sound of the dead country is mournful and thoughtful, and its people are in difficulty. The way of sound is the same as the right one. The palace is the king, the merchant is the minister, the horn is the people, the levy is the matter, and the feather is the thing. If the five are not chaotic, there will be no sorrow. If the palace is chaotic, it will be desolate, and its monarch will be arrogant; if the business is chaotic, its ministers will be bad; if the horn is chaotic, it will be worried, and the people will be dissatisfied; if it is chaotic, it will be sad, and its affairs will be diligent; if it is chaotic, it will be dangerous, and its wealth will be scarce. The five are all chaotic, overlapping each other, and it is said to be slow. In this way, the kingdom will not be destroyed. The voice of Zheng Wei, the voice of troubled times, is also slower. The sound of Sangjian Pushang, the voice of the dead country, its political dispersion, its people's flow, and the accusation of selfishness cannot be stopped.

Those who sound music are born in the hearts of people, and those who are happy are also those who are ethical. Those who know the sound but do not know the sound are the beasts, and those who know the sound but do not know the music are the people. Only a gentleman is able to know and be happy. Therefore, the sound is judged to be a bosom friend, the sound is judged to know the music, the music is judged to know the government, and the way is prepared. Therefore, those who do not know the sound cannot speak with the voice, and those who do not know the sound cannot speak with the music, and it is more polite than the courtesy. Etiquette and pleasure are all obtained, which is said to be virtuous. Those who are virtuous have to be. It is the longing of old music, not the polar sound, and the gift of food, not the extreme taste. The temple of the Qing Dynasty, Zhu Xian and estranged, one advocate and three sighs, there is a last word. The gift of the feast, the wine and the fishy fish, the soup is not harmonious, and there is a relic. Therefore, the system of ceremonies and music of the ancestors is not based on the desire of the eyes and ears of the mouth, but also the righteousness of teaching the people to calm their likes and dislikes and oppose humanity.

Life is quiet, the nature of heaven is also, and the feeling of things moves, and the song of sex is also. Things are known, and then likes and dislikes are formed. Likes and dislikes are not controlled inside, knowledge is tempted outside, you can't turn against yourself, and the reason of heaven is destroyed. The touching of things is endless, and the likes and dislikes of people are unrestrained, which is the end of things and the transformation of things. Those who are humanized are also those who destroy the principles of heaven and the desires of the poor. So there is rebellion and deceit, and there are things that cause chaos. Therefore, the strong coerce the weak, the many are tyrannical, the knowers are deceitful, the brave are cowardly, the sick are not raised, the old and the young are lonely and widowed, and this is the way of chaos. Therefore, the first king made ceremonial music, and the festival of man-made: weeping and weeping, so the festival is mourning, the bell and drum are dry, so and the peace is also, the marriage crown, so there are other men and women, and the food is eaten, so it is being handed over. Etiquette and people's hearts, music and people's voices, government to act, punishment to prevent it. Etiquette and music are not contradictory, those who are happy are the same, and those who are courteous are different. The same is a blind date, and the difference is respectful. If you win, you will flow, and if you win, you will leave. Those who are glorified are also courteous and happy. If you are courteous and righteous, you will be noble and low; if you are happy and civil, you will be in harmony with the upper and lower levels; if you like and dislike, you will be virtuous and unscrupulous; if you are punished and violent, you will be virtuous and virtuous, and the government will be equal. Benevolence is love, righteousness is righteous, and in this way, the people will be governed.

Joy is made from the middle, and the etiquette is made from the outside. Joy from the middle, so quiet; Great happiness must be easy, and great gifts must be simple. If you are happy, you will have no complaints, and if you are courteous, you will not fight. Those who rule the world by concession are also said to be courtesy. The mob does not do it, the princes obey it, the military revolution does not try, the five punishments are not used, the people are safe, and the Son of Heaven is not angry, so it is happy. The relationship between father and son, the order of the young and the young, in order to respect the four seas. If the Son of Heaven is like this, he will be courteous.

Great happiness is in harmony with heaven and earth, and great gifts are in harmony with heaven and earth. And, so all things are not lost, and festivals, so worship heaven and earth. There are rituals and music in the bright, and there are ghosts and gods in the dark, so that the four seas are respectful and loved. Those who are courteous are those who respect special things, and those who are happy are also those who love people in different languages. The love of etiquette and music is the same, so the king of Ming is also along with each other. The story goes hand in hand with the times, and the name goes hand in hand. Therefore, the bells, drums, pipes, chimes, feathers, and keys are dry, and the instrument of music is also; The article on the system of the bean is also a vessel of rituals; the text of the rituals is also a ritual. Therefore, those who know the feelings of etiquette and music can do it, and those who know the literature of etiquette and music can do it. The author's name is holy, and the sorcerer's name is clear. The sage is also said to be a technique.

The musician is the sum of heaven and earth, and the celebrant is the order of heaven and earth. And, so all things are transformed, and order, so all things are different. Happiness is made by heaven, and etiquette is made by the earth. If you are too controlled, you will be chaotic, and if you are too excessive, you will be violent. It is clear to heaven and earth, and then it can be prosperous. On the good luck, the joy of love, the joy of the (Rong) [official] also. Righteousness and innocence, the quality of etiquette, solemnity and obedience, the system of etiquette. If the ritual music is given to the gold stone, the more than the sound, it is used for the temple and the society, and the things are for the mountains and rivers and ghosts, then this is the same as the people.

The king is successful and happy, and he is a custom ceremony. Those who have great merit are happy, and those who are discerned are their ceremonies. The dance of relatives is not a good music, and it is not a rite to worship. When the five emperors are different, they do not follow each other, and the three kings are different from each other, and they do not salute each other. If you are happy, you are worried, and if you are rude, you will be biased. The only thing that is great and holy is that the sky is high and the earth is high, all things are scattered, and the etiquette system is also; Spring is long in summer, benevolence is also, autumn and winter are hidden, righteousness is also. Benevolence is close to happiness, and righteousness is close to courtesy. Those who are happy are peaceful, and lead the gods to follow the sky, and those who are courteous are appropriate, and those who live in ghosts are from the earth. Therefore, the saints make joy to respond to the heavens, and make rituals to match the land. Etiquette and music are prepared, and heaven and earth are official.

Heaven and earth are humble, and kings and ministers are determined. The high and the low have been old, and the noble and the lowly are in place. There is a constant movement, and the small is different. If the party gathers by like, and the object is divided by groups, then the life is different. In the heavens and in the earth, the difference between heaven and earth is also the difference between heaven and earth. The earth is on the ground, the weather is falling, the yin and yang are rubbing, the heaven and the earth are swinging, the drum is thunder, the wind and rain are fighting, the four hours are moving, the sun and the moon are warm, and the hundred [things] are prosperous, so the sum of heaven and earth is also happy.

From time to time, it will not be born, and if there is no difference between men and women, it will be random, and the love of this heaven and earth is also. And the husband is very happy in the sky and on the earth, in the yin and yang and through the ghosts and gods, the poor and far away and deep, happy to be the beginning and the ritual into things. Those who do not stop are in the sky, and those who do not move are also in the earth. Those who move and are still are idle in heaven and earth. Therefore, the sage said "Liyun Leyun".

In the past, Shun made a five-stringed piano to sing the south wind, and Kui began to make music to reward the princes. Therefore, the Son of Heaven is happy, and the virtuous people of the princes are also rewarded. Desheng and teach respect, the five grains are timely, and then enjoy it. Therefore, those who govern the people and work will have a long level of dance, and those who govern the people will have a short level of dance. Therefore, watch its dance and know its virtue, and hear its words and know its deeds. Dazhang, Zhangzhiye, Xianchi, Beiye, Shao, Jiye, Xia, Daye, Yin Zhou's joy also.

The way of heaven and earth, cold and heat from time to time will be sick, wind and rain will be hungry. Teaching, the cold and heat of the people, from time to time to teach the world. Those who do things will also be stormy for the people, and if they are not modest, they will be useless. However, the first kings are happy, and the rule of law is also, and good deeds are like virtue. If the husband and the pig are wine, it is not a disaster, and if the prison lawsuit is troublesome, the flow of wine will also cause trouble. Therefore, the first king because of the wine ceremony, a gift of sacrifice, the guest and the host worshipped, and drank all day long and was not allowed to get drunk, and the reason why the first king prepared for the wine disaster also. Therefore, the drinker eats, so the acacia also.

Those who are happy are like virtue, and those who are courteous are closed. Therefore, when the king had great things, he would have courtesy and mourn, and if he had great blessings, he would have courtesy and joy: all the sorrows and joys would end with courtesy.

Those who are happy will give to others, and those who are courteous will repay them. Happiness is self-generated, and etiquette is the opposite of what it begins. Movement of virtue, the return of the gift is also the beginning. The so-called big road, the public opinion of the Son of Heaven, the dragon flag Jiuhan, the Son of Heaven, the blue and black edge, the turtle of the Son of Heaven, and the herd of cattle and sheep from it, so it is given to the princes.

Those who are happy are also those who are immutable in love, and those who are courteous are also those who are not easy to reason. Music is the same, etiquette is different, and the saying of etiquette and music is consistent with human feelings. The poor know the change, and the joy is also; sincerity is false, and the scriptures of etiquette are also. Lile Shun the sincerity of heaven and earth, reach the virtue of the gods, descend the gods of the upper and lower, and the condensation is the fine and coarse body, leading the festival of fathers and sons.

Therefore, if the adults hold the ceremony, then the heaven and the earth will be revealed. Heaven and earth are happy, yin and yang get along, and the covid woman covers all things, and then the grass and trees are lush, the district is sprouting, the feather is excited, the horn is born, the sting insect is Zhaosu, the feather is lurking, the hairy is pregnant, the viviparous is not dead and the oviparous is not killed, then the way of happiness returns to the ear.

The musician, not only the Huang Zhong Da Lu string song is also dry, the end of the music, so the children dance; the cloth feast, the Chen bottle, the column of beans, to rise and fall as the ceremony, the end of the ceremony, so there is a master. The musician argues about the sound poem, so the north is the string, the sect is the temple ceremony, so the corpse, and the merchant is the funeral, so the master. Therefore, virtue becomes the top, the art becomes the bottom, the line is the first, and the thing is done. Therefore, the first king has a top and a bottom, a first and a last, and then can be controlled by the world.

Those who are happy are also happy by saints, and can be kind to the people. It is deeply moving, and its customs are easy, so the first king taught it.

The lady has the nature of flesh and mind, and there is no sorrow, joy and anger, and she should feel the things and move, and then the heart is shaped. It is the sound of the old will and the decay of the heart, and the people are worried; the sound of slow and easy complicated and simple verses, and the people are happy; the sound of the rough and fierce rise and struggle of the end of the Guangben, and the people are resolute; the sound of honesty and honesty is made, and the people are solemn; the sound of abundance and meat is good and smooth into harmony, and the people are loving; the sound of repelling evil and scattering Di into purifying the indiscriminate, and the people are in turmoil.

It is the affection of the first king, the degree of the discipline, the etiquette and righteousness of the system, the sum of the vitality of the body, and the five constants of the Tao, so that the yang is not scattered, the yin is not dense, the rigidity is not angry, the softness is not intimidating, and the four are in the middle and the attack is outside, and they are all in their positions and do not take each other. Then establish the study and so on, broaden its rhythm, save its literary style, and use the rope to be virtuous. The name of the small and the big, compared with the order of the end, is like the deeds, so that the reason for the relatives and the nobles, the elderly, the young and the old, are all visible in the music: so it is said that "optimism is profound".

If the soil is not long, the grass and trees will not grow, the fish and turtles will not be big if the water is troubled, the biological sterility will be sterile, and the chaos of the world will be wasted and happy. Therefore, his voice is sad but not solemn, happy and restless, slow and easy to break the festival, and he forgets his roots. Broad is tolerant of adultery. Narrowness is desire, feeling the purification of the air and extinguishing the virtue of peace, and it is also a gentleman who is cheap.

Where the adulterous voice is touching and goes against the mood, it becomes an image and is happy. The sound is touching and responds to it, and it is harmonious and happy. Advocating harmony should be answered, and the evil and the twists and turns should be returned to their own place, and the reason of all things should be moved by like.

It is the reason why the gentleman is anti-affectionate and his ambition, and the analogy is to make his deeds. The adulterous voice is chaotic and does not leave wisdom, the pleasure and waste etiquette are not connected to the heart, and the lazy and evil spirit is not set in the body, so that the ears, eyes, nose, mouth, and heart know that all the bodies are obedient and righteous, so as to do their righteousness. Then send the sound, the text to the qin, move to the dry qi, decorate with the feather, from the pipe, to the light of virtue, the sum of the four qi, with the principle of all things. Therefore, Qingming is like the sky, the vast like the earth, and the end is like the four o'clock, and the circle is like the wind and rain; the five colors are written but not chaotic, the eight winds follow the law but not treacherous, and the number of Baidu is constant; the small and the big are together, and the end is born together, advocating harmony and turbidity, and the generation is the scripture. Therefore, he is happy and clear, his ears and eyes are smart, his blood is peaceful, he changes customs, and the world is peaceful. Therefore, it is said that "the musician is happy". The gentleman is happy to do it, and the villain is happy to get what he wants. If you control your desires with the Tao, you will be happy but not chaotic, and if you forget the Tao, you will be confused but not happy. It is the old gentleman who is anti-sentimental to be with his ambition, Guangle to become his teaching, and happy to walk and the people in the countryside, you can observe virtue.

The virtuous person is also the end of sex, the musician, the virtue of the flower, the golden stone silk bamboo, the instrument of music. Poetry, the words of the will, the song, the sound of the song, the dance, the movement of the face: the three are from the heart, and then the joy comes from it. It is deep and civilized, vigorous and spiritual, and accumulating in the middle and Yinghua outside, only happiness can not be fake.

The musician is the heart of the heart, the sound is the image of music, the rhythm of the literature is also the ornament of the sound. The gentleman moves his roots, enjoys his image, and then governs his ornaments. Therefore, the first drum is to be vigilant, three steps to see the square, and then to the beginning, to return to the chaos to return, to fight without pulling out, (also) extremely secluded but not hidden. Be happy with your ambitions and never tire of your ways, and be prepared to do your own thing, not your own desires. It is to stand up with affection and righteousness, and to end with happiness and virtue; gentlemen are good and kind, and villains are to rest: so it is said that "the way of the people, happiness is great".

The gentleman said: Lile can't go to the body. To be happy to cure the heart, then Yi Zhizi's heart of forgiveness is born. Yi Zhizi's heart of forgiveness is happy, happy is safe, peace is long, long is the sky, and the sky is God. Heaven is silent, and God is not angry. To be happy, to cure the heart, and to salute, to cure the bow. If you bow down, you will be solemn, and if you are solemn, you will be solemn. The heart must be discordant and unhappy, and the heart of deceit must be inward, and the appearance must not be dignified and disrespectful, but the heart of slowness and ease must be in. Therefore, those who are happy are also moved by the inside, and those who are courteous are also moved by the outside. Happiness and harmony, etiquette is extremely smooth. The inside and the outside are smooth, the **** looks at its color and the Buddha fights also, looks at its appearance and the people are not easy to slow down. Dehui moves inside and the people do not listen, and the haircut is outside and the people do not accept it, so it is said that "knowing the way of etiquette and music, there is no difficulty in the world of wrong actions".

Those who are happy are also moved by the inside, and those who are courteous are also moved by the outside. Therefore, the main courtesy is humble, and the joy is the main one. Politeness and humility advance, to advance for the text; happy and the opposite, to the reverse for the text. If you are polite and humble but not entering, you will sell, and if you are happy but not rebellious, you will be released. Therefore, there is a reward for the gift and a joy for the opposite. If you get the reward, you will be happy, and if you are happy, you will be safe. The reward of etiquette, the opposite of happiness, and its righteousness.

Those who are happy are also happy, and human affection is inevitable. Lebi sends out all kinds of sounds, in the form of movement and stillness, and humanity. The movement of voices, the change of sexuality, all here. Therefore, people cannot be without joy, and happiness cannot be invisible. The form is not the way, and it cannot be free of chaos. The first king hated his chaos, so he made the voice of Ya Song to the Tao, so that its sound was enough to be happy and not flowing, so that its writing was enough to be endless, so that it was straight and prosperous and the rhythm of inexpensive meat, which was enough to move people's kindness, and not to make the evil spirit of peace of mind to be accepted, which was the prescription of the first king's music. It is the old joy in the temple, the monarch and the ministers listen to it together, then they are not harmonious; in the patriarch's township, the elders and children listen to it together, they are not harmonious; in the boudoir, the father, son and brother listen to it together, then they are not harmonious. Therefore, the musician, the trial is determined to be peaceful, the comparison is to decorate the section, and the rhythm is written together, so the harmony of the father and son, the monarch and the minister, and the relatives of the people, are the first kings to make music. Therefore, listening to the voice of its elegant songs, the ambition is widespread; the cadres are the relatives, the practice is to admire the letter, and the appearance is dignified; the signs are carried out, and the rhythm is required, the ranks are correct, and the advance and retreat are uniform. Therefore, the joy of heaven and earth, the discipline of neutralization, and the inevitability of human affection.

The reason why the first king is happy is that the husband is happy, and the reason why the first king is angry is that the military is angry. Therefore, the joy and anger of the first king are all in harmony. If you are happy, the world will be peaceful, and if you are angry, the rioters will be afraid of it. The way of the first king can be described as a grand music.

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As can be seen from the above, in Sima Qian's mind, the Book of Music is the same concept as the Book of Rites. And for the common people, it is undoubtedly the situation of the "Book of Music" that is more popular and valued.

And in the interpretation of the collapse of etiquette, it contains the inevitability of the formal enactment of the law:

The ritual collapse is a visual description of the gradual abandonment of the code system in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. In the middle and late Spring and Autumn Period, due to the development of the productive forces, there was a situation in which the economic base and superstructure were not compatible with the requirements of the Zhou rites, which was embodied in the fact that the powerful princes began to change the royal land into private land, and the political power continued to move downward, and they formulated their own laws one after another.

All of this reflects the disintegration of the slave society of the Zhou Dynasty.

The collapse of etiquette is a description of the gradual disintegration of the etiquette system in feudal society, which is mainly manifested in four aspects:

1. Economically, the well-field system gradually disintegrated, and the land ownership system and the corresponding tax system appeared, such as the initial tax per mu in the Lu State, the declining rent in the Qi State, and so on. Politically, some powerful princes began to establish a system of counties directly under the king, and no longer divided the land.

2. The feudal princes fought endlessly, and Zhou Tianzi was powerless to stop it.

3. The phenomenon of princes and ministers usurping etiquette and music is very common.

4. As the basis of the traditional feudal system, the feudal system and the patriarchal system have been seriously damaged, and the primogeniture inheritance system has been mostly unable to be implemented.