And historically, as a clan system, there are not a few examples of relatively thin people at the beginning. Pen, Fun, Pavilion www.biquge.info Net

In Chinese history, the situation after the founding of the Song Dynasty can be said to be quite consistent with this description.

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But there is one thing that is very interesting, that is, the Zhao family is not a "lonely family", because the Zhao family is originally a representative of a regional family.

Zhao Hongyin's family is originally Zhuojun Zhao, also known as Hejian Zhao, and is the descendant of Zhao Youmiao Wang Qian during the Warring States Period.

Due to the influence of the royal family of the Song Dynasty, the prestige of the Zhao clan of Zhuojun surpassed that of the Tianshui Zhao clan, which was also a wang family. The Zhuojun Zhao clan is related to the Yingchuan Zhao clan. Zhao Guanghan of the Zhao clan of Zhuojun served as the Taishou of Yingchuan, and the descendants of his tribe later moved to Yingchuan, and the Yingchuan Zhao clan was derived. After the Tang Dynasty, the population was large and large, and it was also a noble family.

However, Zhao Hongyin's lineage may be a thin category, because according to part of the description of the Song Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin did not divide the clan of the near branch as the king:

Emperor Zhao Hongyin, Emperor Wuzhao of the Song Dynasty, a native of Zhuojun (now Zhuozhou City, Baoding, Hebei Province), later moved to Luoyang, and was the father of Zhao Kuangyin, the founding emperor of the Song Dynasty, and his successor, Zhao Guangyi, Taizong of the Song Dynasty. After the official worship, the Han Protector Holy Army commanded the envoys, and it is said that he was brave and unusual when he was young, and was good at riding horses and bows and arrows.

Later, because his second son Zhao Kuangyin defected to Guo Wei's shogunate, Zhao Hongyin was sent to escort the expedition, and under the persuasion of his son, he defected, and served under Guo Wei and Zhou Shizong Chai Rong, and successively served as the commander of the first army of the iron cavalry to help Zhou Taizu Guo Wei raise troops to overthrow the Later Han Dynasty and establish the Later Zhou. As a result, he served as the inspector of the school, commanded the forbidden soldiers, and sealed the Tianshui County male.

Zhao Hongyin's second son, Zhao Kuangyin, was entrusted by Zhou Shizong Chai Rong on his deathbed, and after the death of Zhou Shizong Chai Rong, he assisted the young lord Zhou Gong Emperor Chai Zongxun. Supported by his subordinates, he was crowned in a yellow robe in the Chenqiao Mutiny, and was called the emperor, which was for Song Taizu. Jian Song. The descendants of the Chai family did not suffer accidents, but were treated favorably by the Song family. Zhao Kuangyin conquered the south and the north, successively destroyed the Later Shu, the Southern Han and the Southern Tang Dynasty, and once again established a relatively unified Central Plains dynasty.

But perhaps because of the small number of clan relatives, the two famous historical events that appeared in the early Song Dynasty are likely to be caused by this premise.

One is "a glass of wine releases military power", and the other is "Golden Alliance".

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During the period of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, the strength of the ministers and the weakness of the monarch became a very important factor in the demise of a country.

For example, in the Later Jin Dynasty, before the establishment of the Later Jin Dynasty, after Li Congke succeeded to the throne. Although Shi Jingjiao helped him get rid of Li Conghou, he did not trust him, but treated Shi Jingzhen as the biggest threat, and tried his best to transfer him away from the base area of Hedong.

Shi Jingjiao thought that I would not stir up chaos, and that the court would tie up the road, so he decided to rebel. General Liu Zhiyuan and secretary Sang Weihan also have this intention. As a result, Shi Jingjiao accused the late Tang Emperor of the late Tang Dynasty as the adopted son of Mingzong and should not be enshrined, and asked to give way to Li Congyi, the king of Xu. Later, the late Tang Emperor tore his surface, cut his officials, and made Zhang Jingda to Taiyuan to recruit envoys from all sides, and built 30,000 soldiers to besiege Taiyuan to attack Taiyuan.

Shi Jingjiao's forces in Hedong were not enough to withstand the Later Tang attack, so Shi Jingjiao decided to turn to the Khitan for help. As a condition, he agreed to cede the sixteen states of Yanyun to the Khitan, and called himself "son" to Yelu Deguang, the Taizong of Liao.

So, Liao Taizong decided to help Shi Jingjiao. However, the Later Tang monarchs and ministers were unwary of the Khitan's coming aid, and did not cut off the Yanmen passages as soon as possible, so that the army led by the Khitan lord Yelu Deguang successfully passed the danger and arrived in Taiyuan, defeated the Later Tang army, and surrounded the 50,000 troops of the Later Tang Dynasty in Jin'an Village.

The Later Tang Dynasty army surrounded in Jin'an Village had no food and grass, no rescue soldiers outside, and the army's heart was in turmoil, and the deputy envoy Yang Guangyuan and the general An Xianqi persuaded the commander Zhang Jingda to surrender, but was refused, and simply killed him, and the whole army surrendered to Shi Jingjiao. The Khitan lord made a book and sealed Shi Jingjiao as the emperor of the Great Jin Dynasty, changed the Yuan Tianfu, the country name was the Great Jin, and the Khitan lord gave him his own clothes. Shi Jingjiao is then located in Liulin. Soon Shi Jingjiao invaded Luoyang, and the Later Tang Dynasty perished.

Shi Jingjiao relied on the Khitan to win the throne from the vassal marshal, so every year in addition to the Khitan tribute to a large number of goods, auspicious celebrations, never forgotten, the messenger looked at each other, called the minister, called the Khitan lord as the father of the emperor, in fact, he is nine years older than Yelu Deguang, the Khitan queen mother, the prince, the kings, the marshal and the important minister Han Yanhui, etc., also have bribes. Every time there is a Khitan envoy, he will pay homage to the edict in another hall, and the Khitan envoy is not satisfactory, and there are many inferior words.

Shi Jingjiao endured all this, but the government and the opposition were ashamed, and some ministers refused to send an envoy to the Khitan because of this. For example, the royal power of the military department is like this, Shi Jingjiao sent him to the Khitan to present the emblem to its lord, and the royal power was ashamed to bow down to the Khitan lord, and would rather lose his official position than be an envoy.

But even so, that is, Shi Jingjiao, who became the emperor, can be said to be quite unstable:

Many of the generals of the Later Jin Dynasty were dissatisfied with Shi Jingjiao, and they wanted to seize the position of the Son of Heaven with their own strength.

For example, An Chongrong was such a domineering martial artist, and he often said to people: "The Son of Heaven should do it if the soldiers are strong and the horses are strong, and it is better to have a kind of yes!" Although this saying came from An Chongrong's mouth, it reflected the common thinking of the feudal commanders at that time. Although this person is an ambitious martial artist, he still has some national integrity compared to Shi Jingjiao.

Historical records say: Whenever he saw a Khitan envoy, he would point to his nose and insult loudly. He refused to accept Shi Jingjiao, so he gathered his life, closed the war horses, stockpiled grain and grass, and prepared for future troubles. He also united with the Tuyuhun and other tribes in the Khitan to help, and recruited Bai Chengfu, the leader of Tuyuhun, to lead more than 30,000 of his own tribes to move inward, which weakened the strength of the Khitan to a certain extent. He also openly wrote a book, accusing Shi Jingjiao of being a vassal to the Khitan and contributing China's rare treasures, and disseminating the book to the ministers of the court and the marshals of the towns, which made Shi Jingjiao very annoyed. The Khitan was also very dissatisfied with the internal migration of a large number of Tuyuhun people, and successively sent envoys to reproach Shi Jingjiao.

Shi Jingjiao was in a difficult situation both internally and externally, and was so anxious that he personally ran to Yedu and even issued an edict to persuade An Chongrong, but to no avail. In the winter of the sixth year of Tianfu, An Chongrong gathered tens of thousands of soldiers and civilians in the territory to march to Bianliang, the capital of the Later Jin Dynasty, and was defeated because Shi Jingjiao bribed his generals. After An Chongrong was defeated and killed, Shi Jingjiao, in order to curry favor with the Khitan, actually gave An Chongrong's head to the Khitan to express his obedience.

Long before An Chongrong raised troops, Fan Yanguang, the Tianxiong Festival of the Later Jin Dynasty, had already raised troops to rebel, and it was in the second year of Tianfu. At that time, Fu Yanrao, the envoy of Yicheng Jiedu, and Zhang Congbin, the envoy of the Eastern Capital Inspection, all raised troops to respond. It was only because they fought separately and did not coordinate with each other enough that they were broken by Shi Jingjiao. At the same time as An Chongrong raised his troops, An Congjin of Shannan Dongdao Jiedu took advantage of the opportunity of the Later Jin Dynasty to deal with An Chongrong with all his might, raised troops in Xiangzhou, and attacked Dengzhou, which was defeated and died after a long time.

This unstable state of the feudal marshals of the Later Jin Dynasty made Shi Jingjiao very uneasy. Suppressed by force, it was obviously not strong enough, so it had to adopt a policy of appeasement in order to maintain the ruling position of the Shi family. Therefore, during the reign of the Later Jin Dynasty, there were arrogant and brutal people among the local feudal commanders, some cruel and cruel, and some arbitrary, which caused the people to live in misery at that time.

This kind of example may become one of the prerequisites for Zhao Kuangyin to release his military power with a glass of wine, because compared to the Shi Jingjiao family, which has a certain family power, there is no doubt that the strength of Zhao Hongyin's line is relatively weak.

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Compared with the situation of releasing military power with a glass of wine, it is also possible that the "Golden Kui Alliance" is relatively weak in the clan of Zhao Kuangyin's dynasty, so it is possible to give Zhao Guangyi a chance.

According to Song Taizong, he said that his mother, the Empress Dowager Zhaoxian, believed that the fall of the Later Zhou Dynasty was due to the arrival of the young lord, so she left the last words of her brother and brother, asking Zhao Kuangyin to set up a golden cabinet alliance and pass the throne to Guangyi after his death, which Song Taizu was forced to accept.

Later historians Deng Guangming and Zhang Yinlin argued that the alliance of the golden cabinet was fictional, which has influenced it to this day and has become the most influential statement:

In the second year of Jianlong, when Empress Dowager Du was seriously ill, Song Taizu was only 35 years old, Zhao Guangyi was 23 years old, and Taizu's eldest son Zhao Dezhao was already more than 10 years old. Empress Dowager Du's speculation that Zhao Kuangyin died early, her youngest son succeeded to the throne, and the Song Dynasty repeated the mistakes of the five dynasties, which is unfounded.

If it is indeed as predicted by the Empress Dowager Du, his son Zhao Kuangyin will die in middle age, and the experience or inspiration that the Empress Dowager Du relies on is too insightful.

However, Zhao Kuangyin lived to be more than 50 years old, and he did not die early, let alone face the situation of his young son in charge. If there really was an edict, Zhao Kuangyin should have ordered someone to open the golden treasure before he died; even if she died suddenly, Empress Song should have known about it, and the palace people in charge of the golden treasure should also know about it; but why did Zhao Pu not come out to disclose it until six years after Zhao Kuangyin's death? Since the edict was announced, Zhao Guangyi should have published the full text of the edict, instead of just announcing a general content, and the content was not completely consistent.

What's more, Zhao Kuangyin did not act in accordance with Empress Dowager Du's "Golden Alliance" and personally passed the throne to his younger brother Zhao Guangyi. According to the consistent style of the filial son Zhao Kuangyin, it should not be like this.

The so-called "alliance of money" is actually a big lie fabricated by the parties involved.

There is another view that Zhao Pu and Zhao Guangyi used each other to forge it.

They analyzed the relationship between Zhao Kuangyin, Zhao Guangyi and Zhao Pu and concluded that:

First, the relationship between Zhao Kuangyin and Zhao Pu, Zhao Kuangyin had a very good relationship with Zhao Pu Junchen at the beginning of his business, and Zhao Pu was promoted from the privy deputy envoy in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China to the prime minister in the second year of Qiande. But later, Zhao Kuangyin gradually disliked Zhao Pu, and the dislike began to gradually form. For example, Zhao Pu once sponsored someone, and although Zhao Kuangyin tore up his recital, Zhao Pu still presented it the next day after it was pasted, forcing Zhao Kuangyin to accept it. Although it is generally believed that this reflects Zhao Pu's prime minister's demeanor and Zhao Kuangyin's ability to admonish, Zhao Kuangyin's dissatisfaction is inevitable.

In addition, Zhao Pu often mentions the trivial things when Zhao Kuangyin was cheap, which will inevitably make Zhao Kuangyin, who has become the emperor, feel that it is detrimental to his dignity. In addition, Zhao Pu's acceptance of melon seed gold from Wu Yue's tribute and framing officials with gaps will also make Zhao Kuangyin alert to Zhao Pu's authority. Therefore, in the late period of Zhao Kuangyin, Zhao Pu was deposed as prime minister and was no longer reused, and he was not summoned again until Song Taizu died. Second, the relationship between Zhao Guangyi and Zhao Pu. Zhao Guangyi and Zhao Pu were originally important planners of the Chenqiao Mutiny, and at the beginning of the establishment of the Song Dynasty, both were favored.

But in June of the second year of Jianlong, after the death of Empress Dowager Du, Zhao Guangyi's situation was quite bad.

In July, Zhao Kuangyin relieved Zhao Guangyi of his position in the forbidden army and only ordered him to serve as Kaifeng Yin, and his power was greatly reduced. At this time, Zhao Pu was repeatedly promoted, and by the second year of Qiande, he had been promoted to prime minister, far higher than Zhao Guangyi. As time passed, Zhao Pu gradually became authoritarian, and Zhao Guangyi tried to run the Tokyo Prefecture centered on Kaifeng into an independent small region.

The two inevitably had contradictions, and gradually launched open and secret battles, and conflicts came from time to time. Later, because Zhao Pu's dictatorship was suspicious of Zhao Kuangyin and began to lose power, Zhao Guangyi took the opportunity to use Lu Duoxun, a "man of power and strategy", to defeat Zhao Pu.

With his many years of experience in politics and his understanding of the Zhao family, Zhao Pu knew that in order to turn his fortune around, he mainly had to offer a generous gift to the new emperor Zhao Guangyi, and this generous gift should be enough to make him tempted. So, Zhao Pu presented a generous gift of the "Golden Kui Alliance" that he had carefully dressed.

If there really is a "Golden Kui Alliance," why has no one ever seen such a crucial thing? Why did Zhao Pu not play it until six years after Zhao Guangyi ascended the throne? Who was that "Jinmi Palace man"? Why did all the history books avoid talking about it?

According to reasonable speculation, the truth of this matter should be: Empress Dowager Du learned a lesson from the fall of the Later Zhou Dynasty and considered the Great Song Dynasty, and may have said similar things, but did not form a so-called "Jinkui Alliance" or the like.

Because of this, Zhao Guangyi couldn't wait to kill his brother Zhao Kuangyin before his nephew Zhao Dezhao became the crown prince and seize the throne himself. And in order to keep the throne in his hands, he must kill his brother Zhao Kuangyin's two sons as soon as possible, and even kill his younger brother Zhao Guangmei.

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According to the records of the "History of the Song Dynasty", the number of princes of the Song Dynasty at the time of Song Taizu may be able to be counted on both hands:

Song Taizu divided his father's five sons as kings, and the eldest son of the king was crowned the prince of the country, worshiped the festival envoy, and later took the title of county king.

However, what this record lacks is a description of the facts, that is, as the boss, Zhao Kuangji, Zaoxue, posthumously presented Taishi and Shangshu Ling, and posthumously named King Cao;

In the same way, among the sons of Zhao Kuangyin, who was crowned a prince, Zhao Dexiu, the king of Teng, died early, and Zhao Delin, the king of Shu, died early.

This means that if Zhao Tingmei and Zhao Guangyi are counted among the princes, in fact, there are only four living kings canonized......

In order to change this situation, the later kings of the Song Dynasty issued corresponding edicts:

In the second year of Xining, the sons of Zhao Xuanzu, Taizu, and Taizong all chose the next one as the sect, and the successive generations were crowned as the dukes, so as to worship them, and not to kill them for the sake of obedience.

In the third year of Xining, the Taichang Rite Court said: This dynasty is close to the system, and after the kings, they all use the longest person in the palace to seal the succession. The sons of the ancestors all choose the next one as the ancestor, and the successive generations are crowned, that is, they are different from the old system. According to the rites, the kings, princes, princes, uncles, sons, and men are all inherited by their descendants. If there is no son-in-law or guilt or disease, a grandson shall be established, and if there is no grandchild, a son-in-law shall be established as the same mother's brother, and if there is no mother's brother, a concubine shall be established, and if there is no concubine, a grandson shall be established as a grandson. The great-grandson is allowed to do so. In accordance with the etiquette order, it will be passed on to the descendants. Zhao Ke.