readx;?? In addition, there is also a book of war that was also written by a Roman named Flavius Vegetius Renatus. Pen & Fun & Pavilion www.biquge.info

In contrast, there are very few examples cited, and in many cases, the content is mainly about the author's own understanding.

And in a sense, there is no doubt that it is more suitable to be a military book.

......

It is very likely that the degree of recognition of later generations is higher.

This is closely related to the corresponding annotations in some English versions:

Book 1 deals with the recruitment, training, and training of recruits, and Vegetius insisted that training must be carried out very carefully and meticulously. "There is no training course that is more important to a soldier than to maintain his formation with great accuracy in battle. He describes the many types of weapons that Roman soldiers were required to be skilled in their use. This reminds us of one of the countless duties of today's infantry. Recruits should work hard to train so that they can initially reach a half-day march of 20 miles in the summer and then rise to 24 miles. In ancient times, it was customary to do these distances three times a month. -- The premise of the English translation of this volume"

In ancient times, there was a custom for people to write down the results of their painstaking research, compile them into a book, and present them to their monarchs. In addition to praying for God's blessing, the research work must win the emperor's favor, otherwise there will be no achievements at all. Furthermore, no one should know more or better than the monarch, and only the sophistication of the monarch will bring great benefit to his subjects. Octavian Augustus and the wise monarchs who followed him were fond of reading these volumes, and there are numerous examples of this. In this case, with the encouragement of the rulers, rhetoric flourishes, unless it is degraded for carelessness. I was also stirred by the various examples, and perceived that His Majesty tolerated my courage in writing more than any other sovereign, so that I had no qualms about the fact that my status was inferior to that of the writers of antiquity. This small volume does not particularly require elegant rhetoric or a keen mind, but simply works diligently and honestly. Therefore, I am determined to put in the service of Rome the views of the various historians who taught us the art of war, and the hitherto unknown elements of their writings.

When I recounted the recruitment and training of new recruits, I tried to show the old style in part according to the rules. But this is by no means an indication that you, the invincible Emperor, are not entirely aware of this, and I pray that your Majesty will be aware that the founders of the Roman Empire in ancient times have been very attentive to all that you are doing for the benefit of your country today, and that you will find in this little volume what you think is indispensable in dealing with matters of vital importance.

1. Victory in a war does not depend entirely on the strength of the outnumbered number of people, or on the ferocity of the battle; only a person with superb martial arts, a good grasp of the art of war, and a well-trained person can ensure victory.

As far as I know, the Romans were able to conquer the world by military training, by skillful encampment, and by their own military literacy. Was there any other reason why the Romans showed great strength in the battle between the Romans, who were less powerful, and the shorter Romans were able to rely on any other trick in valiantly facing the tall Germans? It is evident that the Spaniards were superior to us, not only in numbers, but also in strength. Whether it is resourcefulness or material possessions, we have never been able to compare with the Africans. No one can deny that we are inferior to the Greeks in the use of the art of war and in theoretical knowledge. But we often win. The reason for this is that we are good at recruiting new soldiers, teaching them how to use them, practicing them every day, foreseeing what might happen on the march and in battle during drills and in camp life, and severely punishing those who are lazy.

Familiarity with the way of the whole army and military force makes people more courageous in battle. As long as a person believes that he is completely committed to his cause, he will have nothing to fear. In fact, a smaller, but well-trained team is often more likely to win in battle, while a large, bloated, poorly trained rabble is doomed to defeat.

2. Fundamentally speaking, the first question to be solved is from which provinces and nationalities it is more appropriate to recruit young soldiers. Everywhere, there is a distinction between laziness and diligence. However, some races are stronger than others in martial arts, and the climatic conditions under the different heavenly dome have a great impact on people's physical and mental strength.

Here, we cannot but recall the views affirmed by some university scholars. All races that live close to the sun are bathed in the sun's radiation. It is true that they are more talented, but some say that they lack fortitude and tenacity in hand-to-hand combat because they have less blood in their bodies, and they fear being injured because they know that they have little blood in them. The peoples of the north, on the other hand, were far from the sun's blazing rays, and though they were not so sensitive, they were full of blood, spirit, and vigor, and were always particularly keen to fight. Therefore, recruits should be recruited from those places where the climate is mild, and those who are well-blooded, who are not afraid of being wounded, and who even regard death as their home. Of course, they should not be people who have lost their minds, which can keep them temperate in barracks life, and which will help them to make reasonable decisions in battle.

Third, let us then take a look at what kind of recruits are more useful, whether they are rural or urban soldiers? I think there has never been any doubt in this respect: people from the rural areas are much more suitable for engaging in martial arts. Because they have grown up with the vast blue sky above their heads, they can endure the exposure to the sun, they do not care about the humidity at night, they do not care if they do not have a bath, and they do not know what luxury is; they are pure in heart, and they are very satisfied with a little favor; they have a body that can withstand all kinds of labor, and rural life has made them develop the habit of handling iron tools, digging trenches and ditches, and carrying them on their shoulders.

Sometimes, however, it is necessary to recruit some people from the city into the army. Once urban soldiers are registered for enlistment, they must first learn to work, run, carry weights, withstand sun exposure and wind and dust, be satisfied with coarse tea and light meals, and be able to stay in the open air or in simple tents. After learning this, you should teach them how to use weapons. When marching long distances, let them go to remote barracks, send them to patrol and guard more often, and keep them away from the temptations of the city, so as to develop and strengthen their physical and mental strength.

Admittedly, after the establishment of the city in Rome, the Romans always marched from the city to the battlefield, but at that time they were not corrupted by the luxurious life: "Young people often sweat profusely after running and practicing in the wilderness, so they go to swim in the Tiber to wash their sweat." "The same person, both a soldier and a farmer, is just a change of tools.

This was a common occurrence at the time, and everyone knows that when Quintus Cincinnatus was advised to be a dictatorship, he was still working in the fields. It can be argued that the main forces of the army should be supplemented by the countryside. I can't tell the truth, but the reality is true: the less people who have tasted the joy of life, the less afraid they are of death.

Fourth, let us now discuss the question of the age of the recruits. If the ancient traditions are to be maintained, it is clear to everyone that people should be recruited at the beginning of their maturity. Learning things starts at a young age, not only will you master them quickly, but you will learn them better. Furthermore, military agility and skill, as well as proficiency in jumping and running, should be cultivated before the body weakens with age. Alertness refers to a quality that makes a fighter resolute and energetic after a series of continuous training. So, be sure to pick young people to serve in the army. As Sallust said: "If a young man wants to go through everything in war, he must learn military affairs in the practice of barracks life." "It is much better for a young man to be upset that he has not yet reached the age of a warrior after his training than to be sad that he has passed that age and has not been trained.

The entire training course should have a continuous period. I hope that people will not think that the ability to master weapons is an inconspicuous or trivial matter. If you want to become a cavalryman, or an infantry archer, or a shield-wielding soldier, you must learn all kinds of weapons and how to use them, so that you can be in place, not in order, without hindering your comrades, with great force to throw metal spears at the designated target, can dig trenches, learn to dexterously use spears, handle shields, block oncoming javelins, be able to avoid attacks in advance, and can bravely withstand incoming attacks. For a young sergeant who has learned all these skills, not only will he not be afraid of fighting any enemy, but he will be happy to fight them.

Fifth, we know that there has always been a certain requirement for the height of recruits according to the precise size. The cavalry on both flanks and the infantry at the front of the regiment were ideally 6 feet tall and at least 5 feet 10 inches. In those days, there was more room for choice, because there were more people who wished to join the army, and even among the city dwellers, the sense of civic responsibility made some of the strongest young people still maintain their interest in choosing a military career. According to this, if there is a real requirement, it is not so much height as strength that should be noted. This statement is true. He said that Tideus, despite his small stature, was very good at wielding weapons.

6. When selecting soldiers, those who are responsible for recruiting soldiers must pay special attention to their facial expressions, eyes, and overall posture that are worthy of the conditions for replenishing the personnel needed by the army. This is not only true to humans, but also to horses and dogs, which can be identified based on many characteristics. Some university scholars understand this very well. The poet of Mantua, for example, once said that this can also be observed in the case of bees, which must be impeccable in terms of birth and personal virtue. A sense of honor makes soldiers an excellent element, and a sense of responsibility does not allow them to retreat in distress and makes them victors. If most of the time is spent idling around the barracks, and in the end a group of cowards is cultivated, then what good is it to talk about? Extending the length of service in the army can never make up for the mistakes made in the initial examination of new recruits in recruitment. We have come to understand this point, both from our own experience and from historical examples, that the worst defeat was caused by the lack of due seriousness and meticulousness in the recruitment of soldiers due to the long-term peaceful environment, and as a result, more and more outstanding young people rushed to take up civilian posts. Sometimes, some recruits who originally belonged to the lord of the large manor were recruited and assigned to the original owner due to favoritism or deliberate negligence on the part of the officials in charge of recruitment. Therefore, it is necessary to let the big people come forward, and it is necessary to select those young people who are suitable for the needs of the army to serve in the army with extreme seriousness and meticulousness.

8. Recruited recruits should not immediately receive military identification]. At first, they should be tested to see if they are really fit for the profession. I think it is worth testing their agility and brawn, to see if they can learn to handle their weapons and whether they have the courage necessary to be a warrior. While many people may seem to be perfectly eligible at first glance, they will find themselves to be unqualified at all. The unqualified should be eliminated and strong people should be selected to replace them. You know, in the event of a conflict, it is not the number of soldiers that really makes a difference, but their bravery.

If so, when a recruit is registered, he or she should be trained to master weapons through daily training. However, due to the slackness caused by the long-term stable environment, the daily training seems to be relaxed. How can we allow a person who is obsessed with the whole army to teach people to practice martial arts? We should discover the relevant rules and customs of ancient times from history or books. However, the ancients only tell us the results of certain military events and wars, and what we need so much now is often set aside by them, as they are all known.

It is true that the Lassidians, the Africans, and the Greeks wrote entire books on many principles of tactics. But we should study the Romans' own art of war: it was the Romans who expanded into a great empire on an originally small territory, almost reaching the end of the world where the sun had risen. The necessity of focusing on the Roman art of war compelled me to read through the works of many writers, and in this small volume I will recount as accurately as possible the views of the famous procurator Cato on the art of war, the views of the great writers Cornelius Celsus and Frontinus, the incarnation of the industrious military law and defender of Pathen, in his writings, and the essence of the edicts of Augustus, Trajan, and Hadrian. I don't think I have any special prestige in this respect, but the opinions of the people I have mentioned here are very widespread. I paraphrase it in a format, or I can say a brief description of it.

9. The first military training session for recruits should be a step-by-step course. Whether on the march or in the formation, the first thing to do is to keep all the sergeants in the correct formation when moving. And to achieve this step, only by persistent practice can everyone learn to move quickly and evenly. It is very dangerous for an army to be divided and not to maintain a tight formation. Generally speaking, in the summer, you can walk up to 20 miles in 5 hours, and if you take it faster, you can walk 24 miles in the same time. If you go faster than that, you're running. The time distance of the run is difficult to determine. Young sergeants, in particular, should be diligent in running, for they can strike fiercely at the enemy, if necessary, quickly seize advantageous terrain in order to get ahead of the enemy who is also preparing to act in this way, be able to quickly and boldly reconnoiter the enemy's situation and quickly turn back, and thus be more likely to surprise the rear of the enemy in a rout.

Sergeants should also learn to jump, to leap over ravines, to climb over any high ground that would be an obstacle through perseverance, and to be able to overcome similar difficulties without difficulty. Moreover, in the course of battle, in a battlefield full of swords and guns and arrows, if a warrior can run and leap to move, he can kill and injure the enemy, cause him to lose his sight, shock his nerves, and inflict a heavy blow on him before he can prepare himself or repel him. Sallust once described the great Gnaeus Pompey as "a quick-witted man who jumped, a scud who ran and a barbell who fought with a strong man." Otherwise, if he did not persistently persist in the practice of martial arts, even if he himself had given his troops such training, how could he be able to defeat Sedogius?

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As can be seen from the above content, a large amount of content containing the author's own insights will undoubtedly be raised to the point of exceeding.

This is very important. Because even though a large number of examples are cited, the audience is less than that because it is more like a narrative poem.