readx;?? The main reason for a good military book to be accepted is whether this military book can be easily understood by a person who learns to watch it. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 info▲≥八▲≥八▲≥ read ▲≥ book, .√.≧o

Although a large number of examples are cited, it is very likely that if you do not have a certain amount of knowledge, or even a considerable historical foundation, you will probably not know what a considerable number of examples are all about when you watch them.

Of course, not everyone likes to get to the bottom of it, but there is no doubt that it is indeed at the level of understanding the level of explanation of the military-related level, which is far worse.

......

There's one part of the interesting stuff that's a bit similar, and that's how to train a troop.

Of course, there is a big difference between the two, that is, in a sense, it is a combat tutorial of the "gun party", and this part of the content is the author's understanding of the training of recruits at that time.

11. In the books of the ancients there is a record of how they trained their recruits. They made a shield out of tree strips like a fence, and this "fence" shaped shield weighed twice as much as the ordinary shield stipulated by the state. Again, recruits were not issued with real swords, but with thick wooden sticks that were twice as heavy as the sword. In this way, they insisted on practicing assassination at wooden humanoid targets in the early morning or afternoon.

Training with a humanoid target was important not only for sergeants, but also for gladiators. Whether in the arena or on the battlefield, a sergeant is not an invincible master if he has never worked a humanoid target and learned his skills.

Each recruit had to personally drive the wooden humanoid target into the ground and make it stand upright, standing 6 feet tall. Recruits should face such humanoid targets as if they were facing a real enemy, training with their own "fence" shields and thick sticks, as if they were using real swords and shields. He should stab it in the head and face with all his might, attack its ribs, stab it in the shins, cut its carcass as best he can, and retreat, leap forward, pounce as if he were a real enemy. He should do all the attacking styles on this target, and practice all the skills of all kinds of military maneuvers. When practicing these moves, always take special care to ensure that the recruits avoid exposing any part of their body while killing or injuring the opponent, so as not to be hit by the opponent.

12. In addition, when the ancients practiced fighting, they attached importance to the practice of assassinating the enemy, rather than slashing indiscriminately. For those who only slash and chop in battle, the Romans not only easily won the battle, but also often made fun of them. If you blindly chop, no matter how much force you use, it will often not be fatal, because the opponent will always use weapons to protect important parts of the body, and the bones themselves will also play a protective role. On the other hand, you can stab your sword at least 2 inches into the sword, which is enough to kill him, and of course you must stab the weapon in a very important place. In addition, when you slash, your right hand and right rib are exposed, while when you stab, all parts of your body are not exposed, and you can kill the opponent before they are aware of it. This is why the Romans mainly used this method in warfare, and in peacetime recruits were trained with double-heavy tree shields and thick sticks, while in war they had much lighter weapons in their hands, so that they would feel more relaxed and therefore more calm and energetic in battle.

13. Recruits should also do a good job of in-depth and conscientious tactical drills, which is a knowledge that has been handed down to us by specialists, and this practice has been partially preserved to this day. It is well known that even now, in all engagements, those who are better at deploying their troops are better at fighting than others. It is understandable that trained soldiers are better than untrained soldiers, because those who know tactics are always better than their fellow comrades in combat.

Our ancestors strictly adhered to this system of training, and took it so highly that those who learned to wield weapons were rewarded with double salaries, and those who did not do well in such drills were given no grain, but barley. In order to regain that portion of wheat, it was necessary to prove by the presence of the corps commanders, commanders, and senior officers that they were indeed able to fulfill all the requirements of the art of war.

Whether a country is strong, happy, and glorious depends on whether it has a sufficient number of trained soldiers. You see, no matter how splendid our garments may be, and how splendid our gold and silver ornaments, these things cannot force our enemies to fear or love us, but they will tame us only if they are afraid of our armament. Cato was saying that a mistake made in something else could be corrected later, but defeat in battle could not be corrected, because the punishment would immediately follow the mistake, and the result would be one of two kinds: either the combatants would die instantly because they were lazy and untrained, or they would flee and they would lose the courage to confront the victors forever.

14. Let me now return to the topic at the beginning. Recruits are trained to assassinate humanoid targets with thick sticks, and they are also trained to throw spears at humanoid targets as if they were real people, which are heavier than the real spears that will be used later. At this point, those who practice mastering weapons will notice that it takes a lot of effort to throw the spear. A recruit must first see the target before throwing the spear, practice hitting the target, or at least throw it near the target. After such training, you will strengthen your arm strength, and master the experience and proficiency of spear throwing.

15. Young recruits of the third and fourth ranks, who are considered to be the most suitable for archery at the time of recruitment, shall be allowed to practice their target shooting skills with the wooden bows and arrows used in competitions. To this end, competent and full-time instructors should be selected to train the archers in the best of their dexterity, to train them in the proper holding of the bow, and how to shoot the bow with great force, so that the left hand is kept steady and the right hand is drawn according to the norm, while the eyes and minds are focused on the target. All in all, whether it is mounted archery or foot shooting, it is necessary for them to practice hard kung fu with one hand and every shot. If you want to achieve such a level of kung fu, you must study hard, and you must persevere.

Cato made it clear in his writings on the art of war how good archers could play in engagement, and Claudius assembled a large army of archers in his army, trained them rigorously, and finally defeated an enemy who had been far superior to him. Before fighting the Numantians, who had forced the Roman army to burrow under the oxen yoke in humiliation, Scipio Afriganus decided that there was no chance of victory unless each hundred had a selection of archers.

16. Every effort should also be made to train young people to throw stones, either by hand or with the help of a sling. It is said that it was the inhabitants of the Balearic Islands who first invented the slingstones. The islanders should seriously practice the skill of throwing stones. If the children cannot use the slings to hit the designated stones on the food, the mother does not allow them to eat. Warriors in armor often used slings or projectiles to throw large stones that were much heavier than any arrow, and could kill the enemy without bleeding profusely, even though they could only injure a part of the body. It is well known that in all battles in ancient times there were slingers. All recruits learn this skill through individual training, as carrying a slingling belt does not add any burden. Sometimes the battle takes place on rocky terrain, other times it is necessary to defend a hill or a hill, or it is necessary to use stones or slings to repel the barbarians who are besieging a castle or city.

XVII. Young recruits must be taught how to use a shot put called Matteo Barbley. In ancient times, there were two legions of 6,000 men each in Illyria because of their skill and strength in using this throwing device, and they were called Matteo Bably. Everyone also knows that they have participated in various wars for a long time and have achieved brilliant results. Diocletian and Maximian, the two emperors, felt that the two Mateo Barbly legions should be given the title of Legion, so one was named the Jupiter Legion, and the other was named the Hercules Legion. The two legions were more loved by the two emperors than the others.

They all had five of these Matteo Barbli balls on their shields. As long as the soldiers threw these lead balls at the right time, the shield-bearers were equally capable of performing the duties of archers. They are able to inflict heavy damage on enemy men and horses before they can fight with a white knelt, or even before javelins and arrows can fly.

18. Not only for new recruits, but also for key personnel, it is necessary to continuously strengthen equestrian training. It is clear that this kind of training is still here, although it is not much appreciated these days. Usually some wooden horses are erected, a shed is erected in the winter, and the practice is carried out in the open air in the summer. At first, young recruits practiced riding with their bare hands in order to master their skills first. Afterwards, the armed drill is carried out. Attention should also be paid to getting the recruits off and off their horses from the left and right sides, while holding a saber or spear. The aim of the relentless effort to enhance training in peacetime is to enable trainees to leap on their horses without hesitation in the event of a sudden outbreak of combat.

19. Young recruits must also be rigorously trained to walk with a weight of 60 pounds. The arduous march was due to the fact that it was sometimes necessary to carry both food and weapons with them. As long as you get into this habit, you don't have to worry about how difficult it will be. Consistent training beforehand can make any difficult task a breeze.

This was often done by the soldiers of ancient times, as we can see from the work of Virgil. He writes:

The Romans loved their weapons and had a long way to go, and they would suddenly appear before the enemy, in full formation and fortifications.

20. At this point, I would like to explain what weapons should be mastered by the recruits, or what should be equipped for them. In this regard, the ancient style is almost gone. What I am referring to is this: although the equipment of the cavalry has been improved by the model of the Goths and the Alans and Huns, the infantry, as everyone knows, has lost all their protective equipment. From the beginning of the city-state until the reign of Emperor Gratian, the infantry wore armor and helmets. However, as the wind of laziness and the bad habit of coveting comfort grew, field training was suspended, and some people thought that the equipment was too cumbersome, so the soldiers rarely wore protective gear anymore.

Gradually, there were requests to the emperor to be exempted from armor, and later to be exempted from helmets, and so on. But in the battle with the Goths, our sergeants suffered heavy casualties, as they had no defences on their chests and no shelter for their heads, and the enemy's arrows rained down on them. And even after so many major defeats, which have resulted in the destruction of so many cities, no one cares about getting the infantry soldiers back into their armor and helmets.

When a unit was in formation, and the sergeants had almost no protective gear, and were under enemy attack, one after another wounded, their minds were not so much about how to fight as how to escape. In fact, if an infantry archer with no armor on his body and no helmet on his head, if they use a bow and arrows and cannot hold a shield, how can they defend themselves?

For infantry sergeants who rarely practiced and rarely touched their weapons and equipment, armor and helmets were too heavy. Of course, if they use these rather heavy weapons and equipment every day, and even carry them with them, they will not feel their weight over time. Wouldn't it be much more miserable for anyone who could not bear the fatigue of carrying the old protective gear to leave his body defenseless and inevitably suffer casualties, and even risk being captured or fleeing by treason?

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Judging from the content of this part, it has become a kind of "popular science" book. But in some respects, this description is helpful in understanding the situation of the Roman army at that time.