There is a saying, "Offense is the best defense", and this is justified by a certain reason. But in terms of scoring, playing a mobile offensive with the nomads in the absence of cavalry in the Song Dynasty is basically a matter of self-defeat.

Moreover, it can be said that this situation occurred many times in the war against the Jin State.

The Jin State was not a nomadic people, but it was not too difficult for its cavalry to crush the Song army.

Among the examples of field battles, it is not uncommon for the Song army to win against the Jin army, but it can be said that it is relatively rare. However, in defensive battles, the Song army's victory rate was relatively high.

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"Defending the City" is also from the hand of Chen Gui, which can be said to be a model of urban defense operations in the early Southern Song Dynasty.

Although Chen Gui is the existence of the Wenchen system, in the face of the Wushu of the famous generals of the Jin State, he has made the other party helpless many times, and finally had to withdraw from the siege.

But the only pity is that most of the credit for facing the famous generals of the Jin State this time is attributed to Liu Qi as the main general.

The contents of "Defending the City" are as follows:

The old system of the city gate, the urn city is built outside the gate, and the urn city is all enemy towers, and the cost is very much. In order to protect against ordinary thieves, it can block the arrows, but in case of enemy cannons, it is not available. It is necessary to remove the urn city, and stop in front of the city gate for five zhang from the city, and build a wall to protect the gate, so that the outside cannot see the opening and closing of the city gate, and dare not despise it, and if the enemy rushes, the city will come down with artillery. On both sides of the city gate, they built walls fifty or sixty paces from the city, so that outsiders could not see where the gate was, and even if they rushed into the city, they would throw themselves into a trap. Therefore, the city gate cannot be kept in order.

The wall of the gate is only built within ten steps of the city gate. There is also a magpie platform, two feet high. The wall is on the magpie platform, one zhang and three feet high, eight feet thick, three feet up, and the two ends cover the door three or two feet, so it covers the conflict. The opening and closing of the door is not known from the outside, even if it breaks into the wall, the cannon rain on the city, and the sheep and horses on both sides of the wall can be attacked.

The city gates are more expensive than they are less, and they are expensive to open and not to be closed. Since the gates of the city are many and open, and it is convenient to go to a place, they will send troops to attack them. At night, they cut off their camps, so that they could not rest day and night, and naturally did not dare to build a fortress near the city. It must also be a measure of containment, and always make it easy for others to work. And there were many secret gates in the big city, and more doors were opened in the city of sheep and horses, and the moats were filled in to make roads, so that they thought that they would break through the gates. Defending the city is often a war readiness, and if it is convenient, it will be attacked urgently. The old system of the city gate has a gatehouse, and there is no other machinery to resist the enemy. It must be two-tiered, with the upper layer applying a strong bow and crossbow to shoot far, and the lower layer using a knife and gun. It is also a dark board, and if there is a hurry, it will be removed, and the huge wood and stone will be injected to break the attacker. The door is threefold, but the door is thicker, as usual, thicker than the old; the second outer door is made of four or five feet of solid stone, and the round wood is chiseled through the board with a substitute plate, and it is not necessary to wrap it with iron leaf nails; and the outer one is heavy, with wood as a fence, and applied to both sides of the door wall. than one door on the first floor, a lot of help.

On the moat outside the city gate, the old system set up more fishing bridges, which was intended to prevent rushing, and when there was Kou Zhi, the fishing bridge was pulled open, and the attackers could not come over the trenches. As everyone knows, it is hindering the dispatch of troops in the city. If the bridge is lowered and then the troops are dispatched, they must be prepared for the outside of the city, and if the soldiers have already gone out and pulled up the bridge, it is difficult to retreat, and they are forced by the enemy, and they are often drowned in the trenches. This fishing bridge is harmful and unhelpful. You can use machinery in front of the door before you can make it impossible for the enemy to enter. Tear down the fishing bridge, only use the real bridge, the army and horses in the city can advance and retreat, outsiders are afraid of the city troops, day and night dare not be at ease.

The old system was wrapped in iron leaf nails, placed in front of the city gate, and placed in the city with a roller cart, which was also to prevent and contain conflicts. It hinders the dispatch of troops in the city, which is no different from fishing bridges. Even if the machinery is placed inside and outside the city gate, there is no need to fight the board, thinking that it is convenient to send troops. The body of the city, the old system is mostly four-sided, and the besiegers often attack the corners first, and they are easy to force. At the foot of the city, there are enemy towers and war sheds, and the embankment is prepared first. If you don't change it, the besiegers will eventually benefit. And in the southeast corner of the city, if it is attacked from the southeast corner, there is no fear. If the power of the cannon is small, it will be separated by the enemy's tower and the war shed, and if the power of the cannon is strong, it will pass into the city. If the besiegers set up a cannon in the east of the city, they would not be able to stand dozens of steps from east to west on the city, and if they added a cannon to the south of the city, they would not be able to stand dozens of steps north and south of the city, and no one would be able to stand on the top of the city. This corner of the city cannot be still systematized. The corners of the city must be shrunk inward. If you attack the eastern city, even if you are close to the north, if you attack the southern city, you must use the artillery near the west, and you can use the cannon to attack the back of the city. If the cannon is erected in the southeast corner, there is no invincible tower and war shed on the city, and you can't start it. The old wall of the female head was about six feet on the outside of the city, and the height was only five feet, as the word "mountain". There is a female mouth between the two women's heads. The female head stands a dog's foot wood, hangs a piece of skin, a bamboo grate fence, covers the arrows and stones, if the cannon, it is all useless. The woman's head is low, and the arrows outside the city can guard the head of the people. It is necessary to build a magpie platform on the city first, two feet high and five feet wide. A wall was built on the magpie platform, six feet high and two feet thick. One foot and five inches upwards from the magpie platform, leaving a square eye, one foot wide and eight inches high. Three feet apart, put another one. Between the two eyes, one foot upward, another one is placed, like the word "product". Make a flat-headed wall upwards. When the enemy ascends to the city, he can only use spears and knives in the eyes of the square, and he can stab them down. The square eye is downward, and there is a flat-headed wall, which is a commonly used grate fence to hang on, and there is no need to temporarily install it. On the magpie platform, against the wall, each four inches away, a vertical row of forked wood, five feet higher than the female wall, and two or three horizontal rows of fine wood. The besiegers may be able to pass the word "product", but they will not be able to go to the flat wall. If you want to cross the row of forked wood, you must climb with your hands, then the knife and axe cut it, and the gun blade pierces it, all of which are upside down. The defenders have little force, and the attackers will not be willing.

Horse face, the old system of sixty steps to stand one, jump out of the city without reducing two zhang, wide and narrow with the location is uncertain, both sides look directly at the foot of the city. There are buildings on it, and there are many wood plants used, if you want to be ready, you must hang it with felt skin, but you can't cover the cannon, and if you are hit, all of them will fall. When the building falls, the guards will not be at peace. Or it is necessary to prepare the building and erect it immediately. It is the words of an attacker who has never experienced it. If the building falls, the enemy will come to the city with artillery, bows and crossbows, and the human life will be damaged at most, and it will not be erected. Nowadays, only a high and thick wall is built on the face of the horse, leaving a hollow eye for the word "product" in the middle, so as to prepare for the lookout, and through the spear and knife; The tiled houses were built in the walls, and the guards sheltered from the wind and rain, and when they were attacked, they demolished the tiled houses. Lean against the wall to stand tall rows of forked wood, with thick rope horizontal weaving, if the fence is similar. Let it attack, and it will not do harm. The city does not have to be too high, because if it is too high, it will be destroyed by rain and it will be laborious to build. The city should not be too wide, and if it is too wide, the cannons will fall on the city, and the defenders will be hit slowly. The city surface of the magpie platform can only be one zhang five feet or one zhang six feet, and the height can be three zhang or three zhang five feet. Along the border of the county city wall, the height is only five zhang, and the width is only two zhang.

The sheep and horse walls, the old state and county or not, and those who have them, are all low and thin, no more than six feet high, no more than three feet thick, and the distance to the city is different, and it is not available. In the name of the sheep and horse city, the thieves forced the people into the city, and the right to temporarily settle the sheep and horses, so they did not care, but they were afraid of the royal robbers, and the force was very thin. When you are outside the great city, in the moat, go to the city three zhang, and build a magpie platform, two feet high and four feet wide. A wall was built on the platform, eight feet high, five feet thick, and three feet up. Leave an empty eye for each zhang in case of lookout. In case of urgency, that is, send troops to ambush soldiers in the sheep and horse wall, it is to cover the city and go down to the village, and you may still wish to rest the sheep and horses. Don't go too far into the city, if it's too far to throw bricks across the city, and if it's too close, you can't run a spear. When attacking a city, the trench must be filled in before it can go under the sheep and horse wall. It is difficult for them to break through the wall of sheep and horses, and they cannot stop when they enter. The attackers can only go all the way on the filled trenches, and the defenders can strike twice in the sheep and horse walls, and the bricks and stones on the big city rain down, then they will attack the city on one side, and the enemy will be attacked on three sides, and there will be a small cannon in the city to use. No siege machine shall reach the foot of the city. There are many strategies, and they are all prepared. In the sheep and horse wall, it is necessary to consider the distance and distance, arrange forked wood, make a row of forked doors, and distribute and arrange people and soldiers, which is easy to check and prevent spies from entering the city. The old system is only a heavy city, and there are moats outside the city, or there are low-level sheep and horse cities. Let those who are good defenders defend it, and even if they encounter a great enemy, they can retreat despite their attacks. or those who do not experience the attackers and defenders, and suddenly encounter a great enemy besieging the city, all of them are timid, and they must first prepare for the embankment. When a high wall of sheep and horses is built in the outer moat, it is a moat with two ends of the great city, that is, one moat and two cities. He also dug deep and wide moats in the big city, and built a moon city on it, that is, two moats and three cities. So that the besiegers are all capable, and there is no reason to attack. Reaching the city and the moat, it is difficult to attack one heavy and the other. If you go to the moat in the city, you must not commit it. The cost of counting the sheep and horse walls and the inner city and the inner moats is not much. If it is a permanent plan, it is indispensable. To build the inner city, only on the moat, build more than two zhang high, and set up a protective wall. Under the moat, it must be five zhang wide and two zhang deep. If the besieger may be able to go up to the great city, then there is a moat to block it, and he can pass through the moat, and the inner city cannot go up. If this is the case, it can not only defend against external enemies, but also eliminate internal troubles. The city and moat, the cost is not much, it is necessary to set up, and it is necessary to avoid the urgent rotation and construction. Repairing the city, the old system is more than the outside of the city, or planting forked wood in the moat, called antlers, is very useless. If the people of the city go out into the antlers, and the people outside the trenches cast bows and crossbows, the antlers cannot cover them. If you use fire with the wind, you can burn it. It's better to get rid of it. Nowadays, the system of repairing cities is only in the cities of other counties. If it is not a Kyoto guild house, it is necessary to measure the distance and distance in the inner part of the city, and then build a heavy layer outside the city, and place a camp outside it, and build a heavy layer inward to serve as an official house. If this is the case, it will be especially strong, and all internal and external troubles will be eliminated.

The ladder used to attack the city is to attach ants to the city. Today, there is not only the word "product" on the woman's head, but also a row of forked wood, and a sheep and horse wall, which is heavily limited, so although there are many ladders, there is no fear.

The siege of the city with a hole is to cover the arrows on the city, to carry earth, bricks and stones, to fill in the trenches, and wait for them to fill in the attack equipment, or to force the city to excavate. Now there is a sheep and horse wall to limit it, and the hole is also difficult to use. The opposite building is opposite to the building above the city. The goose cart is slightly higher, looking forward to the head of the city and down to the foot of the city. The footbridge is no different from the opposite building, except that the longboard is used as a footpath on the upper floor, or folded and turned over the city. They are all tools for climbing the city. Today, the sheep and horse wall is guarded, and it can be used horizontally on both sides. Don't use a battering rod for the enemy, and with other emergency machines, you can't be afraid. All the overpasses, goose carts, opposite buildings, trains, and rockets used to attack the city are all terrifying, and if they are prepared, they cannot be harmed.

The siege of the city is filled with more curtains, and there are more than three of them, high and the city, etc., and they are close to the head of the city. Now there are people in the sheep and horse wall to resist the enemy, and the big city throws bricks and stones, so it is naturally difficult to get close to the big city. According to the mantle road filled, the moat was opened in the city by the foot of the city, and the moon city was built on the wall, and rows of forked trees were planted on both sides. And there were wooden booths on the great city, and they put men on the tents. And on the way to come, he set up more stabs. If they can go up to the city, they will not enter the city, or if they can enter the city, they will not pass through the moat, and if they can go through the moat, they will never pass through the moon city. The besiegers of the city with the mantle are one and the same. If the besieger has a plan, he will respond to it with several strategies.

The city uses cannons, and there are those who weigh more than 100 catties, and if the old building turrets are used, there are no ones who will not be destroyed. If you don't use the building now, the cannon will have nothing to do. Both the body of the city and the female head are thick, the cannon outside the city comes, and the power is from the head of the city, but the guardian is ordered to sit against the wall, naturally can not harm people, and the force is small and separated by the wall. In addition, large cannons are also used in the city to cast opposite them, and long cannons are also used, which can reach those who are 350 steps away, so as to harm the leader of the matter. The siege of the city shall be followed by the captives of the followers, and the princes and their fellow evildoers shall be the last. Put artillery in the city, and the people in the city take care of the right distance and near, which is self-advisable. In case the enemy artillery does not attack the horse face, but only attacks the female head, and is anxious to plant the row of forked wood in the wall of the female head, but also use a large rope to weave, such as the fence is similar, and use the oblique wooden pillar to rob inward, although there are many guns, it is difficult to break it. Artillery can not harm people, overpasses, opposite buildings, goose carts, curtains, etc., and all have to be prepared, then people's hearts are solid, and the city is unbreakable. Offensive and defensive weapons are as good as artillery. If the attacker uses the art of artillery, the city will be invincible, and if the defender uses the art of artillery, he can control the enemy. The cannon that defends the city shall not be set up on the city, but shall be settled in the city from far and near; Each cannon is set up in the city, and the distance is obliquely straight, so that the cannon is fixed. If it is too far away, it will reduce the gunman's foot, and if it is too close, it will increase the gunman. Between three or two cannons, you can get in the middle of things. In addition, the artillery hand enters and exits, and the large cannon is used to apply the small cannon three and three hundred paces away. If you want to destroy the attacking equipment, you must use a large cannon, and if you want to harm the leader and the porter, you must use a remote cannon. Artillery is not tired of being prepared. If you use artillery, the city will be fortified. In the exquisiteness of the manufacture of artillery racks, it was temporarily increased or decreased by the craftsmen of the city defenders.

To destroy the attack equipment with artillery, it is necessary to use a cannon weighing more than 100 catties or 50 or 70 catties. If you want to go far, you need to use a small cannon. Only yellow mud is a lump. Each dry weight is five catties, the weight is average, then the object is accurate, and the circle can be put away. The mud clumps will crumble to the ground, and it will not be re-entered into the city for the enemy, and it will be easy to do. Although it is a lump of mud, if the head and face of the middle man are open, there is no immortal, and the hands and feet of the middle man are all broken. The city is besieged, and the inner part of the city is to be quiet. If there is an attack outside the city, the city will be disturbed, and all kinds of inconveniences will be made. It is necessary to march the inside of the city, divide the boundaries, and send people to inspect them. When someone forces the city, the streets and alleys are ordered not to come and go. Those who are not designated as the guardians and planners of the city are not allowed to go to the city, and those who are in the city are not allowed to go down to the city. If you are too idle, you can avoid panic and put an end to it.

(The original word for cannon is cannon, but at that time, the cannon was mainly a stone weapon rather than a gunpowder weapon, so it should be a cannon character.) ）