In 2o5 BC, that is, after Zhang Jiashi's first meeting with Mao Dun, he deeply realized that there must be a war between Qin and Hungary, and it can be said that it is a battle of life and death. Pen & Fun & Pavilion www.biquge.info

The historical allusion of the siege of Baishan Mountain made Zhang Jiashi have to guard against one point, that is, if he was defeated and lost in the initial offensive against the Huns, then what kind of response should he take.

It is true that the siege of Baishan Mountain was in fact a situation created by many coincidences, but this cannot but be considered to be the key factor that the power of the Xiongnu was far stronger than that of the nascent Han Empire.

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In the siege of Baishan Mountain, the existence of Han Wangxin can be said to be an important beginning of this situation.

Han Wangxin is not Han Wangxin, one of the three heroes of the early Han Dynasty, in history, Han Wangxin and Han Wangxin are generally called separately.

But in a sense, Han Wangxin and Han Wangxin are also the same ancestor, but the blood relationship is a little distant.

Han Wangxin is the grandson of the original King Han Xiang, who is eight feet five inches tall.

By the time Xiang Liang supported King Chu Huai, the descendant of King Chu, Yan State, Qi State, Zhao State, and Wei State had already set up their own kings, and only Han did not set up an heir, so he set up Hengyang Jun Han, one of the Korean princes, to become the king of Han, wanting to occupy the land of Pingding Yuan Korea.

Xiang Liang was defeated and died in Dingtao, and Han Cheng defected to King Huai of Chu. When Liu Bang led the army to attack Yangcheng, he ordered Zhang Liang to surrender the original territory of Korea as the Korean Situ, and obtained the letter of Han Wang, appointed him as the Korean general, and led his army to follow Liu Bang into Wuguan.

Liu Bang was named the king of Han, and Han Wangxin followed Liu Bang into Hanzhong, so he persuaded Liu Bang: "Xiang Yu sealed all his subordinates in the area near the Central Plains, and only sealed you to this remote place, which is a sign of derogation! Your subordinate soldiers are all people east of the Kunshan Mountain, and they are all on tiptoe, eagerly looking forward to returning to their hometown, and taking advantage of their strength and strength to march eastward, they can compete for the world." ”

According to the "Book of Han, Emperor Gao", it is recorded that Han Wangxin, who said this to the King of Han, was later Han Xin, the Marquis of Huaiyin.

When Liu Bang returned to the army to pacify the Three Qins, he promised to ask Han Wangxin to be the king of Han, and first appointed him as the captain of Han Tai, and led his troops to capture the old land of Korea.

The princes and kings of Xiang Yu all went to their respective fiefs, and Han Cheng, the king of Han, did not follow Xiang Yu to fight and had no military exploits, so he did not send him to the fiefdom and renamed him a liehou.

When he heard that Liu Bang had sent Han Wangxin to capture Han, he ordered Zheng Chang, the county of Wu County, where he traveled to Wu, to be the king of Han to resist the Han army.

In the second year of Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (2o5 BC), \uoo7f Han Wangxin pacified more than a dozen cities in Korea. Liu Bang arrived in Henan, and Han Wangxin stormed Han King Zhengchang in Yangcheng. Zheng Chang surrendered, and Liu Bang established Han Wangxin as the king of Han. After that, Han Wang Xin often led the Han army to follow Liu Bang.

In the third year of Han Gaozu, Liu Bang withdrew from Xingyang, leaving Han Wangxin and Zhou Ke and others to guard Xingyang.

When the Chu army broke through Xingyang, Han Wangxin surrendered to the Chu army, and soon escaped and surrendered to Liu Bang, who once again made him the king of Han, and finally followed Liu Bang to defeat Xiang Yu and pacify the world.

In the spring of the fifth year of Han Gaozu, Liu Bang and Han Wang Xin were separated into letters, and he was officially named King of Han, and his fief was in Yingchuan.

It is possible that Han Wangxin had a certain ability, and at the same time, in order to guard against Han Wangxin, Liu Bang ordered Korea to move to the north of Taiyuan County to prevent the invasion of the Xiongnu.

However, although the situation in Taiyuan County at that time was not as bad as that of Dai County, it was also a land of poor mountains and bad waters compared to the rich Yingchuan County.

Perhaps in Han Wangxin's heart, Liu Bang's edict was obviously bullying him, and his feudal strength could be said to be the worst one of the kings with different surnames.

Under the influence of several factors, Han Wangxin may have felt Liu Bang's jealousy of him, or was dissatisfied with this unreasonable edict to move the country, and Han Wangxin finally chose to secretly teach and accept it privately with the Huns:

In the spring of the sixth year of Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang thought that Han Xin was strong and brave, and the fief Yingchuan was close to Gongxian and Luoyang in the north, Wanxian and Yexian in the south, and Huaiyang in the east, which were all strategic places in the world, so he ordered Han Xin, the king of Han, to move to the north of Taiyuan to prevent resistance to the Xiongnu and build the capital Jinyang. Han Xin wrote: "My feudal country is close to the border, the Xiongnu have invaded many times, and Jinyang is far away from the border, please allow me to build the capital Mayi." ”

Liu Bang agreed, and Han Xin moved the capital to Mayi.

In the autumn of that year, the Xiongnu Maodun Shan Yu surrounded Han Xin, and Han Xin repeatedly sent envoys to the Xiongnu to sue for peace. The Han Dynasty sent people to lead troops to the rescue, but suspected that Han Xin had sent envoys privately many times and had the intention of betraying the Han Dynasty, so he sent people to reproach Han Xin.

Han Xin was afraid of being killed, so he agreed with the Xiongnu to jointly attack the Han Dynasty, rebelled, took out the national capital Mayi to surrender to the Xiongnu, and led the army to attack Taiyuan.

In the winter of the seventh year of Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang personally led his army to attack, defeated Han Xin's army at Tongba, and beheaded his general Wang Xi.

Han Xin fled to the Xiongnu, and his generals Manqiuchen, Wang Huang and others supported Zhao Li, the descendant of King Zhao, as king, and collected Han Xin's defeated and scattered army, and discussed with Han Xin and Xiongnu Mao Dunshan Yu to attack the Han Dynasty together.

The Xiongnu sent the king of Zuo Xian to lead more than 10,000 cavalry and Wang Huang and others to be stationed in the area south of Guangwu, and when they arrived in Jinyang, they engaged the Han army, and the Han army defeated them, and chased them to Lishi with victory, and defeated them again. The Xiongnu once again gathered their armies in the area of Loufu Xijiang, and Han Gaozu ordered chariot troops and cavalry to defeat them.

The Xiongnu were often defeated and fled, the Han army took advantage of the victory to chase and defeat the soldiers, I heard that Mao Dun Shan Yu was stationed in Daigu, Han Gaozu was in Jinyang at that time, sent people to reconnoiter Mao Dun, and the scouts came back and reported that "they can attack".

Liu Bang went out of the city to climb Baishan Mountain, surrounded by the Hun cavalry, Liu Bang adopted Chen Ping's plan and sent people to give many gifts to the Xiongnu queen Yan. The Yan clan persuaded Mao Dunshan Yu and said: "Now that the land of the Han Dynasty has been conquered, it is still uninhabitable, not to mention that the monarchs of the two countries do not besiege each other. After seven days, the Hun cavalry gradually dispersed.

At that time, it was foggy, and the Han Dynasty sent people to go back and forth between Baishan Mountain and Pingcheng, and the Xiongnu did not notice it at all. Chen Ping said to Liu Bang: "The Huns all use spears and bows and arrows, please order the soldiers to put two sharp arrows on each strong crossbow and slowly withdraw from the encirclement." ”

After retreating into Pingcheng, the rescue troops of the Han Dynasty also arrived, and the cavalry of the Xiongnu broke the siege. The Han Dynasty also collected its troops and returned.

After that, Han Xin led troops for the Huns to attack the Han army along the border.

While leading the Huns to attack the border of the Han Dynasty, Han Wangxin also decided to lure his former general Chen Xuan:

Chen Feng is a native of Wanqu, and he was able to follow Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, for some reason. In the ensuing war, Chen Feng was appointed as Han Wangxin's general.

In the winter of the seventh year of Han Gaozu, Han Xin, the king of Han, rebelled and fled into the Xiongnu, Han Gaozu went back to Pingcheng, named Chen Feng as a liehou, and led the border troops of Zhao and Daiguo as the prime minister of Zhao, and the army guarding the frontier in this area was under his jurisdiction.

Zhao Xiangguo and Zhou Chang saw that Chen Xian's entourage had more than 1,000 cars, and all the official houses in Handan were full.

And Chen Feng treats the guests with the etiquette of communication between the common people, and is always humble and respectful, and treats others with condescension. When Chen Feng returned to Daiguo, Zhou Chang asked to go to Beijing to see him. After meeting Liu Bang, he told all the things such as Chen Xian's large number of guests, his sole military power outside for several years, and the fear that there would be changes.

Liu Bang ordered someone to investigate the violations of law and discipline in terms of property and other aspects of Chen Xuan's guests, and many of these things implicated Chen Xuan.

Chen Feng was very frightened, and secretly sent guests to Wang Huang and Manqiuchen to communicate the news.

In July of the tenth year of Han Gaozu, Liu Bang's father Liu Taigong died, and Liu Bang sent someone to summon Chen Feng to Beijing, but Chen Feng said that he was seriously ill. In September, he rebelled with Wang Huang and others, established himself as the acting king, and plundered Zhao and Dai.

After Liu Bang heard about it, he pardoned all the officials of Zhao and Dai who were involved in Chen Feng and plundered.

Liu Bang personally went to quell the rebellion, and when he arrived in Handan, he said happily: "Chen Feng does not occupy Zhangshui in the south, but guards Handan in the north, so it can be seen that he will not do anything." ”

Zhao Xiangguo asked for the county guard and county lieutenant of Changshan to be beheaded, saying: "There are a total of 25 cities in Changshan, and Chen Feng rebelled and lost 20 of them. Han Gaozu asked, "Did the county guard and the county lieutenant rebel?" and Zhao Xiangguo replied, "There was no rebellion." Han Gaozu said: "This is because of the lack of strength. "They were pardoned, and their duties as guards and lieutenants were restored.

Liu Bang asked Zhou Chang: "Is there still a strong man in Zhao who can lead troops to fight?"

Zhou Chang replied, "There are four people. ”

Then let these four people meet Liu Bang, Liu Bang scolded when he saw it: "Can you boys also lead troops to fight?" The four of them fell to the ground in shame.

But Liu Bang still gave them 1,000 households of food and appointed them as generals.

The left and right ministers advised: "There are many people who followed you into Shu County and Hanzhong, and then conquered Western Chu, but they did not receive a general reward, what merit do these people have to give them a reward?"

Liu Bang said: "It's not that you can't understand this! Chen Feng rebelled, and the north of Handan was occupied by him, and I used an urgent proclamation to collect troops from all over the country, but no one has yet arrived, and now only the army in Handan is available." Why should I be stingy with the four thousand households that were given to four people, and not use it to comfort the young people of Zhao Di!"

The ministers on the left and right all said, "Yes." So Han Gaozu asked again: "Who are the generals of Chen Xuan?" and replied left and right: "There are Wang Huang and Man Qiuchen, who used to be merchants. Han Gaozu said, "I know." ”

So each offered a reward of thousands of dollars to buy the heads of Wang Huang, Manqiuchen and others.

In the winter of the eleventh year of Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, the Han army attacked and killed Chen Xuan's generals Hou Chang and Wang Huang under Qu Rebellion City, and defeated Chen Xuan's general Zhang Chun in Liaocheng, killing more than 10,000 people. Taiwei Zhou Bo marched to pacify Taiyuan and Dai County. [15] In December, Han Gaozu personally led his army to attack Dongyuan, but failed to conquer it, and the rebel soldiers insulted Liu Bang. The name of Dongyuan is really determined.

All of Wang Huang and Manchuchen's subordinates who were rewarded were captured alive, so Chen Xuan's army was completely defeated.

After Liu Bang arrived in Luoyang, he said: "Daijun is located in the north of Changshan, but Zhao Guo controls it from the south of Shannan, which is too far away. ”

So he named his son Liu Heng as the acting king, with Zhongdu as the national capital, and Daijun and Yanmen were all subordinate to the acting country.

In the winter of the twelfth year of Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (195 BC), Fan Xu's soldiers chased him to Lingqiu and beheaded Chen Xuan.

What can be said is that Han Wangxin, the prince of the traitorous Han Dynasty, can be called a very key figure who brought major changes to the border land for the Han Dynasty in the early Han Dynasty.

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It's just that from another point of view, Han Wangxin's descendants did not agree with Han Wangxin's idea, and in the post-Gao period, Han Wangxin's wife returned to Han with her son Han Jundang and her grandson, and Han Jundang was named Gong Gaohou.

During the reign of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, when the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms was pacified, Han Yan was the champion of the army and was a famous general in the early Han Dynasty.

And Han Yingdang's brother Han Ying also returned to Han during this period.

Han Ying is much older than Han Yingdang in age. He was a doctor when Emperor Wen, and when Emperor Jing was a Taifu of Liu Shun, the king of Changshan. When Emperor Wu was in power, he debated with Dong Zhongshu and was unyielding. He speculated on the meaning of "Poetry", misquoted "Spring and Autumn" or ancient things, and did not compare with the scriptures, and the sons of Zhou and Qin were different from each other, all quoted "poems" to prove things, rather than quoting things to clarify "poems". Yan and Zhao Yan's "poems" are all based on Han Ying. Zhao Zi and Huainan Bensheng are their senior disciples. Zhao Zichuan Cai Yi, Wang Xue, Shizi Xue and Changsun Xue, who formed Han poetry three times, had many apprentices. Later generations thought that his "Poetry" was not as profound as "Yi", and Sili Captain Gai Kuanrao was originally subject to "Yi" to Meng Xi, and saw Han "Yi" two good, and even more from it.

After Han Ying returned to the Han Dynasty, Han Ying gradually became a famous scholar, inheriting and promoting Confucianism, and his ideas directly inherited Xunzi, but he also respected Mencius, replacing "Fahou Wang" with "Fa Xian Wang", and "human nature good" instead of "human nature evil". To unify the views of the two schools of Confucianism, which had fought the most fiercely.

He absorbed Zhou Qin's views, reformed and updated them, and believed that "happiness is born from inaction, and suffering is born from many desires". The ruler must be temperate, "light rumors and thin endowments", "make the people timely", and avoid war; "humility and virtue" as the criterion for standing and acting, that is, "virtue is generous, those who keep it are honored, those who keep it are frugal, those who are honorable and noble are honored, those who are strong and noble are honored, those who are strong and brave are victorious, those who are wise and wise are wise and those who are foolish are wise, and those who are well-informed and strong are wise and those who are shallow are wise". Big enough to rule the world, medium enough to secure the country, and nearly enough to defend it."

In order to maintain the unification, he advocated loyalty above all else, filial piety is subordinate to loyalty, if loyalty and filial piety must give up one of them, then it is better to be a loyal minister than a filial son. The subordinates mainly "overturn the monarch with the way" and "supplement the monarch with virtue". He should pay attention to the way to admonish the monarch, and he believes that Bigan "kills himself to show the evil of the monarch, and is disloyal". Wu Zixu "admonishes the non-monarch and evils", and is "loyal". Therefore, he opposes the honest and straightforward side, does not approve of the incorruptible integrity of the traditional Confucian reverence of Boyi, Shuqi, Bian Sui, Jie Zitui, Yuan Xian and others, and agrees that Yanagi Hui will not be ashamed of the king, will not resign from the petty officials, and will not hide the virtuous, and will follow his way, and will not be merciful to the poor, and will not complain about the bereavement", so that the subjects will not be fame or profit, and can go up and down, and will not be pitiful or complaining. Do not shame the king, do not resign from petty officials, and obey the people.

He inherited and promoted Mencius's idea of "noble people". It is believed that "the people will be safe with it, and if they are supplemented, they will be strong, if they are not, they will be dangerous, and if they are doubled, they will die". Rulers must "regard the people as the sky", and if they want to govern the world, they must "support the people". The ruling class must refrain from being lascivious and extravagant, should be frugal, and "when it is not used in a bad time, it will not harm its livelihood" in order to achieve "peace in the world and peace in the country." To this end, it must "teach the people."

He thought that "millions of foolish people are not for the people". Reiterating the idea of educating the people with Confucianism, he put forward the proposition that "the life of the country is in the courtesy", and believed that "if people are rude, they will not be born, and if they are rude, they will not succeed.

He denied Confucius's self-denial and revenge, inherited and promoted Xunzi's proposition that "etiquette starts from desire", "the desire to raise people, and the desire to enter", and put forward the view of "following desire because of affection", believing that "people's six emotions, eyes want to see lust, ears want to listen to palace merchants, nose wants to smell fragrance, mouth desires to be willing, their body and limbs want to be peaceful and do not do, clothes want to be embroidered and light and warm, these six, the six feelings of the people." Therefore, the holy king's teaching of his people will also be courteous because of his feelings, and he will be made righteous according to his desires, and the righteousness will be simple and prepared, and the etiquette is easy and the law is lawful, and the love is not far away, so the people obey their fate."

He also denied Confucius's view that "courtesy is not inferior to the common people", and advocated "teaching the emperor to be courteous and righteous", believing that "a hundred courtesies are harmonious, a hundred intentions are followed by yin and yang, yin and yang tones are both cold and summer, cold and summer are three light clear, and three light is clear when the wind and rain are clear." When it rains, the crowd is peaceful, and if it is rainy, it will be good."