Zhang Jiashi very much hopes to achieve some economic changes in the Sanghongyang period, but in terms of the current Qin Empire, there is neither the strong centralized power of the Han Wu Emperor period, or that Zhang Jiashi's current personal prestige may be comparable to that of the Han Wu Emperor, but with the strength of the Qin army and the current people's livelihood, it is still inferior to the middle and late Han Wu Emperor.

Second, the current Qin Empire was in ruins, and at the same time faced with strong military pressure from the Huns, rashly adopting some radical economic reforms could be said to be a very risky way for the Qin Empire.

Zhang Jiashi did not want such a situation to lead to an already stable imperial environment that collapsed on its own before the Huns attacked.

At the same time, even if it is a relatively peaceful equalization strategy, it is difficult to implement it in the current Qin Empire.

......

Strictly speaking, the equalization is the embodiment of the two concepts in one.

Among them, the meaning of parity is to use the method of selling when it is expensive and buying it when it is cheap, in order to stabilize the market price.

In the "Historical Records", there is also a special section of "Pingzhun Book", which is roughly as follows about the economic aspects of the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty:

So far, a few years old, more than 70 years of Hanxing, the country has nothing to do, not in the disaster of floods and droughts, the people are given enough to the family, all are full, and the treasury is full of goods. The money of the Beijing division is huge, and it is rotten and cannot be studied. Taicang's millet Chen Chen is full of dew and accumulates outside, so that it is corrupt and inedible. There are horses in the streets and alleys, and there are groups of people among them, and those who ride the word are not allowed to gather. Those who guard Lu Yan eat sorghum meat, and are the eldest sons and grandsons of officials, and those who live in officials think they are surnames. Therefore, everyone loves himself and re-offends the law, first righteousness and then shame. At this time, the net is sparse and the people are rich, and the service wealth is arrogant, or even the people who merge the Hao Party, so as to arbitrarily make decisions in the countryside. The clan has the following doctors, competing for luxury, and the chamber is subordinate to the top, unlimited. Things prosper and decline, and they change.

Since then, Yan Zhu, Zhu Maichen and others have recruited Dongou to do sovereign, and the two things have been crossed, and the Jianghuai River has been troublesome. Tang Meng, Sima Xiangru opened the road to the southwest, chiseled the mountain passage for more than 1,000 miles, and dismissed the people of Bashu and Bashu. Peng Wujia destroyed North Korea and placed the county of the sea, and Yan Qi launched it violently. And Wang Hui set up a plot for Ma Yi, the Xiongnu were not reconciled, invading the north, the soldiers were not understanding, the world was hard, and the war was increasing. The walkers are giving, the residents are sending, the Chinese and foreign harassment and worship each other, the people take advantage of the cheats and use clever methods, and the bribes are declining but not supported. Those who enter the property make up for the official, the shipper is removed from the crime, the election is late, the shame is imposed, the force is used, and the law is strict. The ministers of prosperity have been since then.

Later, the Han generals attacked Hu with tens of thousands of cavalry, and the cavalry general Wei Qing took the southern land of the Xiongnu and built Shuo. At that time, Hantong Southwest Yidao, the author tens of thousands of people, thousands of miles of burden to feed food, the rate of more than ten to a stone, scattered coins in Qiongyu to collect it. A few years old is not passable, and the barbarians attack with a number of attacks, and the officials send troops to punish them. The rent of Siba Shu is not enough to do more, but to recruit the wealthy people Tian Nanyi, into the Su County officials, and receive money in the capital. To the east of the county of Canghai, the cost of the apprenticeship is intended to be in Nanyi. More than 100,000 people built Wei Shuo Fang, turned far away, from Shandong Xian was labored, cost tens of millions of dollars, and the treasury was empty. It is to recruit people to be able to enter slaves and maids for life, increase the rank of Lang, and enter the sheep for Lang, which begins here.

In the next four years, the Han generals sent six generals, more than 100,000 troops, and attacked the right Xianwang, and won the first 5,000 captives. -Ming-year-, the general will still attack Hu again with the six generals, and he will be the first to capture 19,000 ranks. The captives were given more than 200,000 catties of gold, and tens of thousands of captives were rewarded, and food and clothing were given to the county officials. The soldiers and horses of the Han army died more than 100,000 people, and the cost of the wealth of the soldiers and armor was not comparable. So the big peasants hid their money and paid all the taxes, but they were not enough to serve the soldiers. There is a saying that "the Son of Heaven said that the teachings of the five emperors are not restored and governed, and the law of Yu Tang is different from the king, and the reason is different, and Jiande is also a one." The north is not at peace, and I mourn it very much. In the Japanese, the general attacked the Huns, beheaded 19,000 captives, and left nothing to eat. It was decreed that the people should be bought and imprisoned and exempted from commutation. Please place a reward officer, and call it a martial artist. 170,000, more than 30,000 gold. Those who buy martial arts officials will try to make up for the officials, and they will be removed first. Thousands of doctors are like five doctors. His guilt is reduced by two degrees. Jue Dezhi Leqing: To show military merits, "military merits are used more and more, the big one is the Hou Qing doctor, and the small one is a Lang official." The officials are complicated and varied, and the official position is wasted.

The next year, the hussars still attacked Hu again, and won the first 40,000. In the autumn, the evil king of Hun led tens of thousands of people to descend, so the Han sent 20,000 cars to welcome him. Come, reward, and give to those who have meritorious. It is more than 100,000 dollars.

At the beginning, the first was to the more than ten years old river duel, the land of Liang Chu has been several difficulties, and the county embankment of the river, the decisive break, the cost is incalculable. Later, the fan department wanted to save the bottom pillar of the water, through the Fen, the river canal to irrigate the field, the author tens of thousands. At that time, Zheng was going back to the Weicao Canal, digging a straight canal from Chang'an to Huayin, and the author was tens of thousands. Shuo Fang also crossed the canal, and the author was tens of thousands: the second and third periods of each calendar, the work was not completed, and the cost was also huge.

The Son of Heaven is to cut down the beard, raise horses, and the horses come to eat tens of thousands of horses in Chang'an, and the people who lead the hands are not enough in the pass, so they are transferred to the nearby county. And those who surrendered were all county officials with food and clothing, and the county officials did not give it, and the Son of Heaven was a loss of food, and he was relieved of the public opinion, and he was forbidden to hide it from the palace to support him.

The next year, Shandong was flooded, and the people were hungry, so the Son of Heaven sent a messenger to Xujun Guocang to revitalize the poor. is still insufficient, and the rich are recruited to borrow money from each other. It was not possible to save each other, but migrated the poor to the west of Guan, and to the south of Chongshuofang in Xinqinzhong, with more than 700,000 people, and all their food and clothing were given to the county officials. A few years old, if it is given to the industry, the messenger branch protects it, and the crown looks at each other. Its cost is hundreds of millions, innumerable.

So the county officials were empty, and the rich businessmen or wealthy servants were poor, and hundreds of hubs were turned around, and the feudal lords all bowed their heads and looked up to them. Smelting, casting, and boiling salt, wealth or thousands of gold, but not the country's urgency, the people of Li are in great difficulty. So the Son of Heaven discussed with the minister, and minted coins for support, and destroyed the prostitution and adulterers. At that time, there were white deer in the forbidden garden, and there were more silver and tin in the less mansion. Since Xiaowen made four baht coins, to more than 40 years old, since the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, with less, the county officials often that is, more copper mountains and mint money, the people also steal money, innumerable. Money is more and lighter, and less is expensive. There is a saying that "the ancients are skinned coins, and the princes are hired to enjoy them." There are three grades of gold, gold is the top, white gold is the middle, and red gold is the bottom. Today's half two coins weigh four baht, and the money is taken in the money or theft, the money is light and expensive, and the money is troublesome and expensive to use the currency in the distance. When the princely clan hires for pilgrimage, it must be recommended with leather coins, and then it can be done.

and made silver and tin for white gold. I think that the sky is like a dragon, the earth is like a horse, and the people are like a turtle, so there are three platinum products: one of them is said to weigh eight taels, and it is called a dragon, and its Wenlong is called "white selection", straight three thousand. The second is said to be small in weight, square, and its text and horse, straight five hundred. Three are said to be small, and they are three hundred. The county officials were ordered to sell half a tael of coins, and even minted three baht coins, which was as heavy as the text. The crime of stealing money is death, and the thieves of the people are innumerable.

So in the east, Guo Xianyang and Kong were only big farmers, and they received salt and iron. Sang Hong Yang to calculate the use of things, in the service. Xianyang, Qi Zhida boiled salt, Kong only, Nanyang Daye, all caused a lot of gold, so Zheng said it at that time. Hongyang, the son of Jia in Luoyang, is scheming, and he is thirteen years old. Therefore, the three of them analyzed the benefits of the matter.

In the next year, the generals and hussars attacked Hu, and they were awarded 80,000 or 90,000 captives, 500,000 gold, and more than 100,000 horses of the Han army. It was a time when money was scarce, and the soldiers were quite unlucky.

There is a Si Yan that the three baht money is light and easy to be treacherous, but he asked the counties to mint five baht money, and Zhou Guo ordered that it should not be grinded.

The great farmer on the salt and iron Cheng Kong only, Xianyang said, "Mountains and seas, the treasure of heaven and earth, all should belong to the Shaofu, Your Majesty is not selfish, to belong to the great farmer." I am willing to raise the people's own expenses, because the official utensils are used to boil salt, and the officials and prison basins. The floating people want to manage the goods of the mountains and seas, so as to get rich and envy, and benefit the people. Its frustrating arguments are hard to hear. Those who dare to boil salt in private iron casts will have their left toe and submerge into their utensils. If the county does not produce iron, the small iron official will belong to the county, "so that Kong only and Dongguo Xianyang will hold the salt and iron of the world and be the official government, except for the rich people of the salt and iron family." The officials are miscellaneous, and they don't choose, but they are more than a person.

Merchants use the change of currency to accumulate more goods for profit. So the minister said, "The county is quite harmed, and the poor and those who have no property will recruit and move to the vast land." His Majesty lost food and saved money, and forbade money to revitalize Yuan Yuan, and lenient loans, but the people were not all out of the south mu, and the merchants were popular. The poor have nothing, and they all rely on the county officials. At different times, the money of the car Jia people is poor, please count it as before. At the end of the Zhujia people, they sold and bought with loans, and those who lived in the towns and inspected all kinds of things, and those who traded for profit, although they had no city registration, each took possession of his own goods, and the rate was two thousand and one was counted. The works are rented and cast, and the rate is four thousand and one. The three elders of the non-officials and the knights of the north are counted as one. The businessman is counted twice. The ship is counted as more than five zhang. Conceal not self-occupation, occupy not know, one year old on the border, no money. If there is someone who can sue, he will be half of it. The Jia people have city registration, and their families, none of them have access to famous fields for farming. Dare to break the order, and don't enter the field."

The Son of Heaven is the words of Sibu, and the call is the middle lang, the lord is the left chief, and the field is ten hectares, and the world is announced, so that he knows it.

At the beginning, the divination style, Henan people, also took the field and livestock as a thing. Relatives died, the style has a young brother, the younger brother is strong, the style gets rid of the points, takes more than 100 livestock and sheep alone, and gives all the property of the farm house to the younger brother. The style entered the mountain to herd more than ten years old, the sheep caused more than 1,000 heads, and bought a field house. And his younger brother broke his business, and he gave it to his younger brother a lot. At that time, the Han side envoys would attack the Huns, and the Bu style was written, and half of the original loser county officials helped the side. The Son of Heaven made the envoy ask the style of "wanting to be an official" and said, "The minister is a young shepherd, not a scholar, and he is not willing to ask" to ask "How can the family be wronged, and if you want to talk about things", the minister and the person have no dispute. The poor people of Shiyi lend it, and the poor teach it, and the people who live in it all obey the formula, and why do they see the wrongs of others. There is nothing to say, and the messenger said, "Gou is so, why does the son want it", and the style said, "The Son of Heaven punishes the Huns, foolishly thinks that the sage should die on the side, and the rich should lose the committee, so that the Huns can be destroyed." The Son of Heaven is a prime minister in words. Hong said, "This is not human. Unscrupulous ministers, do not mess with the law for the sake of transformation, may Your Majesty not allow "so he did not report for a long time, and when he was a few years old, he was dismissed." Return, Futian Mu. After the year, the army was counted, the evil king and others surrendered, the county officials were spending, and the warehouse was empty. In the next year, the poor migrated to the county officials, and there was no way to support them. Bu Shi held 200,000 yuan to Henan Shou to give to the migrants. The rich people in Henan help the poor, the Son of Heaven saw the name of the divination, and knew it, saying that "it is to consolidate the front and want to lose his family and half help the side", which is to give 400 people. The formula was restored to the county magistrate. At that time, the rich were all vying for money, and they only wanted to lose the money. The Son of Heaven then ended the elders with the style, so he honored the people with the wind.

And Kong only made the world caster, and worshiped as a big farmer in three years, listed in Jiuqing. And Sang Hong sheep is a big farmer, and he is responsible for all the accounting, and he is slightly lost to the goods. The first order was to enter the valley to make up for the officials, and Lang to 600 stones.

At the age of five, he pardoned hundreds of thousands of people who had died of stealing money from the people after making his own platinum five-baht coin. If they don't find out that they kill each other, they can't be counted. and pardoned more than a million people. However, you can't be half-self-explanatory, and most of the world has no worries about casting money. There were many offenders, and the officials could not take all of them, so they sent doctors Chu Da and Xu Yan to divide Cao Xunxing County and the country, and the annexed disciples were those who kept each other for benefit. And the imperial historian Zhang Tang Fang Longgui used things, minus Xuan, Du Zhou, etc. as Zhongcheng, Yi Zong, Yin Qi, Wang Wenshu and others used tragic urgency to be Jiuqing, and directly pointed to Xia Lan's genus.

And the big farmer is different. At the beginning, he was the chief of the Jinan Pavilion, and moved to Jiuqing with integrity. Shang and Zhang Tang both made white deer skin coins, asking for differences. It is said that "today's princes and princes congratulate the cangbi, straight thousands, and their skin recommendations are against 400,000, which is not commensurate with the end of the world" The Son of Heaven did not say. Zhang Tang has a difference with it, and some people tell the difference to discuss it, and Zhang Tang treats the difference. Different from the Hakka language, there are inconveniences under the Hakka language,

Different, slightly anti-lip. Tang Juandang Yi Jiuqing saw the inconvenience, and slandered without saying anything, and talked about death. Since then, there has been a law of slander, and the minister and doctor are more flattering and tolerant.

Since the Son of Heaven issued an order to pay for money, the people could not share the wealth and the county officials, so they sued the money for indulgence.

The county and the country are more treacherous and mint money, and the money is light, and the secretary of state asks the Jingshi to cast the red side of the official, one is five, and the official is not allowed to use the non-red side. Platinum is a little cheap, the people do not use it, and the county officials ban it by order, which is useless. After the years, platinum will not be wasted.

After the age of two, the red side of the money is cheap, and the people use it skillfully, which is inconvenient and wasteful. Therefore, it was forbidden for the county to mint money, and the three officials of Shanglin were specially ordered to mint it. There is a lot of money, and the money of the non-three officials in the world is not allowed, and the money minted in front of the counties and countries is abolished, and the copper three officials are lost. And the people's money is small, and the cost cannot be comparable, but the real work is a thief.

The divination style is the same, and Yang Ke is sued all over the world, and most of the middle families and above are sued. Du Zhouzhi is a young rebel in prison. It is to dispatch the imperial Shi Tingwei to supervise and divide Cao, that is, to govern the county and the country, to get hundreds of millions of people's property, tens of millions of slaves and maids, hundreds of hectares in Tianda County, more than 100 hectares in small counties, and the same is true for houses. Therefore, the merchants and above broke the high rate, and the people stole good food and clothing, and did not care about the industry of animal storage, and the county officials had salt and iron money, so they used it to spare.

At the beginning, the big farmer was full of salt and iron, and he set the water balance and wanted to use the main salt and iron. And Yang Ke sued for money, and went to the forest to make the lord of the water balance go to the forest. The upper forest is both full and widespread. It is the more time to want to fight with the Han boat, it is to overhaul the Kunming Pond and view the ring. The ship of the building is more than ten zhang high, and the flag is added to it, which is very strong. So the Son of Heaven felt it, and it was made of Bailiang Terrace, dozens of feet high. The repair of the palace is beautiful.

It is to divide the money among the officials, and the water balance, the young government, the big farmer, and the servant each have agricultural officials, and often the county is more than the field. It was confiscated into slaves and maids, and was divided into gardens to raise dogs, horses, birds and beasts, and officials. There are many officials and interests, and there are slaves and maids, and the river is worth four million stones, and the officials are enough.

The advice that "the children of the family are rich or fighting cocks and dogs, horses, hunting and playing, and chaotic people" is to levy orders for all offenders, attract thousands of people, and call it "send apprentices". Those who make money have to make up for it, and Lang chooses to decline.

At that time, Shandong was swept away by the river, and the age was not for several years, and people or cannibalism, one or two thousand miles. The Son of Heaven took pity on him, and the edict said, "The fire and water in the south of the Yangtze River are cultivated, so that the hungry people can flow to eat between the Jianghuai and Huai, and if they want to stay, they will stay" to send the crown cover to belong to the Tao, protect it, and shake it with the chin.

The next year, the Son of Heaven began to tour the county. Dongdu River, the east of the river guards the unintentional, does not identify, and commits suicide. Xingxi exceeded Longxi, Longxi guarded the line, the Son of Heaven was not allowed to eat from the officials, and Longxi Shou committed suicide. So he went north out of Xiaoguan, rode from tens of thousands of horses, hunted the new Qinzhong, and returned to the border soldiers. There is no pavilion in the new Qinzhong or thousands of miles, so the northern land is too guarded below, and the people are given animal husbandry border counties, the official fake horse mother, the three-year-old return, and the tithe, in order to remove the confession, with the new Qinzhong.

The next year, South Vietnam rebelled, and the West Qiang invaded the border. Therefore, the Son of Heaven did not support Shandong, pardoned the prisoners of the world, because more than 200,000 people from the southern building attacked South Vietnam, tens of thousands of people rode west of the Three Rivers to attack Xiqiang, and tens of thousands of people crossed the river to build a residence. At the beginning, Zhangye and Jiuquan counties were placed, and Shangjun, Shuofang, Xihe, and Hexi opened fields, and reprimanded 600,000 people to conquer the fields. China's ghost food, 3,000 from afar, and more than 1,000 miles from near, all of which are dependent on the big farmers. The border soldiers were insufficient, so they issued arsenal workers and soldiers to support them. There is a lack of cars and horses, the county officials have little money, and it is rare to buy horses, so it is an order to order the officials below the feudal monarch to more than 300 stones, so as to travel out of the world pavilion of horses, and the pavilion has livestock and horses, and the year is rested.

Qi Xiangbu wrote in the book: "The ministers heard that the lord was worried about the humiliation of the ministers." South Vietnam opposed, and the ministers wished that the father and son would die with the people who studied the boat, and the "Son of Heaven issued an edict saying" Although the Bu style is ploughing and pasturing, it is not profitable, and there is a surplus to help the county officials. Today's misfortune is urgent, and Shi Fen wishes that the father and son died, although there is no fight, it can be said that the righteousness is inside. Give the marquis of Guannei, 60 catties of gold, and 10 acres of Tian "proclaim the world, and the world should not respond." There are hundreds of liehous, and they don't want to join the army to attack Qiang and Yue. To the drunken, the Shaofu province gold, and the marquis sat on the gold and lost more than 100 people. Naibai style for the imperial history doctor.

Since he was in power, he saw that it was inconvenient for the county officials to make salt and iron, and the iron was bitter, and Jia Gui ordered the people to sell and buy it. And the ship has a calculation, there are few businessmen, and the goods are expensive, because Kong only said that the ship is a matter. The upper cause is displeased.

Han Lianbing was three years old, Zhu Qiang, destroyed South Vietnam, west of Panyu to Shunan, and placed the first county of seventeen, and ruled by its old customs, no taxes. In the past counties of Nanyang and Hanzhong, each of them compared the land to the officials of the early county to serve food and money, and passed the chariots and horses and quilts. And the early county was always small, killing officials, and the southern officials of the Han Dynasty went to punish them, and there were more than 10,000 people in the middle, and the fees were all relied on to the big farmers. The big farmers use the average salt and iron to help them, so they can support them. However, the county where the soldiers passed, in order to give nothing, did not dare to say that they were free to give the law.

The next year, the first year of Yuan Feng, Bu Shi was demoted to the crown prince and the prince. And Sang Hong Yang is the captain of the Su Du Commander, leading the big farmers, and only the salt and iron in the world for generations. Hongyang to the officials of their own market, and the competition with each other, so the thing is leaping, and the world is given or not to pay for its expenses, but to ask the Ministry of Agriculture to put dozens of people, the branch of the main county, each often the county is the salt and iron officials, so that the distant country is endowed with the merchants who sell when their goods are expensive, and indoctrinate each other. If you are leveled in Beijing, you will be entrusted by the world. The summoning officials and all the tools of the car are all dependent on the big farmers. The officials of the great peasants are all the goods in the world, and they sell them when they are expensive, and buy them when they are cheap. In this way, if the rich businessmen have nothing to make a profit, they will reverse the original, and all things must not be freed. Therefore, the world is suppressed, and the name is "Pingzhun". The Son of Heaven thought so, and allowed it. So the Son of Heaven went north to Shuofang, and east to Taishan, and patrolled the sea, and returned to the north. The rewards were more than 100,000 horses and hundreds of thousands of dollars, all of which were taken from the big farmers.

Hongyang also asked the officials to be appointed to make up for the officials, and for the sinners to atone for their sins. So that the people can enter the Su Ganquan with their own differences, so that they can recover for life, and do not tell the truth. Other counties are in an emergency, and all the farmers are in their own way, and Shandong Caoyi is six million stones. In the middle of one year, Taicang and Ganquan are full. All the things in the rest of the border valley lost five million horses. The people do not benefit the world, but the world uses it. So Hongyang gave the lord the left long, and the gold was another hundred catties.

It is a small drought in the year, and the officials are ordered to ask for rain, and Bu Shiyan said, "The county officials should only pay taxes on food, rent, and clothing. Henghong sheep, the sky is rain"

Taishi Gong said: The road of agricultural and industrial transactions is open, and the coins of turtle shells and money knives and cloths are prosperous. It has been a long time, since before the Gao Xin clan, it is still in the clouds. Therefore, on the occasion of Tang Yu, the poem describes the life of Yin Zhou, and the tranquility is a long preface, the first book is at the end, and the etiquette and righteousness are guarded against profit. There are many incidents, so it is also the opposite. It is to prosper and decline, turn at the end of time, one quality and one article, and change at the end. Yugong Kyushu, each because of its land suitable, the number of people and the number of jobs. Tang Wu inherited the disadvantages and was changeable, so that the people were tireless, and each was conscientious and conscientious, and the slight decline was slow. Qi Huan's public management of the Zhong's strategy, through the power of lightness, the industry of mountains and seas, to the princes of the dynasty, with the Qi of the district to become famous. Wei used Li Ke to do his best to be the king. Since then, the world has fought for the Warring States, expensive and deceitful and benevolent, first rich and then pushed. Therefore, the rich may accumulate a huge amount of money, and the poor may not be tired of chaff. There are those who are in the country or a group of small ministers and princes, and the weak country is extinct and extinct and the world is destroyed. As for Qin, he died and merged in the sea. The coin of Yu Xia, gold is three grades, or yellow, or white, or red. or money, or cloth, or knives, or turtles. As for Qin, the currency of a country in China is second-class, and gold is the upper currency. The copper coin is said to be half a tael, as heavy as its text, and it is the next coin. And the pearl jade, turtle shell, silver and tin belong to the ornamental treasure, not the coin. However, each time and time are unpredictable. So the outside is ruined, and the internal work is prosperous, and the people at home and abroad are not enough to eat, and the women are not enough to spin clothes. The ancients tried all the wealth of the world to serve it, and they still thought that they were insufficient. It's no different from the clouds, the flow of events, the excitement of each other, and the weirdness.

......

From the above content of the "Pingzhun Book", it can be roughly seen that during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the taxation of the Han Dynasty had gradually tilted towards the category of commercial tax.