(Some of the contents of Chapter 15 have been changed from three pieces of metal to four pieces of metal.) ^_^ Pen, Fun, Pavilion www.biquge.info)

Shocked and confused, Levi looked at the fourth piece of metal in his hand. Because of the previous foreshadowing, this time he was much calmer.

The results were not his surprise.

The topic above is also related to the learning behavior of animals.

The weirdest thing is that it is a sailing experience.

Levi is also really strange, do these ancient wizards want to be the king of the pirates, why did they get on the bar with the sea?

This overseas anecdote is an account of the strange sacrificial customs of a small island kingdom.

As mentioned above, due to the dense forests and fierce beasts on this small island, the islanders are working hard to make a living in it, and one of the most important things is to remember the direction and discern the direction.

They must memorize the routes in the dense forest, and have a series of information about the food, dangers, and so on. After all, the place where you live is a very unfriendly environment for road idiots.

It is also out of the pursuit of a good sense of direction that the people of this island have developed a special ritual habit.

They love to raise a special species of island guinea pig.

In addition to serving as a meat reserve, these cute little creatures also have an important mission, that is, to become the medium of their own gods.

But the average island guinea pig does not have this qualification, and it must be a trained guinea pig to have such an honor. And this part of the little ones who are appointed by the King James is generally the healthiest and most lively of the same kind. Once selected, they are kept in a maze of dirt with only one exit and one entrance. Every time the guinea pigs enter through the entrance and come out of the exit, they will wait for a good meal.

Every year, they train such a group of labyrinthine guinea pigs.

Then, after a period of training, they will be given a competition to see which guinea pig can break through the maze the fastest. And this winner will be respected by all the islanders, who will worship him as a god-given rat, feed him the best food and water, and raise him fat and fat.

Find a good weather with a good wind and sunshine, and slaughter it with one sword......

The islanders believed that the rat had the power of its own gods, and that if it drank its blood, it would never get lost.

What else can Levi say about such a standard labyrinth experiment.

He only felt that the life experience of the person who wrote the metal film was indeed rich enough, and he encountered such a series of strange things.

What is said on this last piece of metal is undoubtedly manipulative conditioning.

Although not as well-known as Comrade Paplov's classical conditioning, the status of operational conditioning is equal to it.

Both of them have a "conditioned reflex" in their names, and four of the six words overlap, and they are not very friendly to students who are not very good at biology, and they often can't figure out which is which. But after learning more about their differences, it is relatively easy to distinguish clearly.

Classical conditioning is a shy older brother, and its production is passive.

Think about the dog-abusing demon Comrade Paplov, the way of dog-abusing dogs.

Similar to the series of compulsive behaviors of "going under the knife and intubating the tube" in the dog's cheeks, the classical conditioned reflex does not consider the wishes of the person concerned, and is purely passive to accept everything. The dog established a reflection of the bell and the light, but it was completely erected, and the gills were stabbed, and the body could not move. But when this process is repeated, it still produces a conditioned reflex.

Its brother, on the other hand, operates a conditioned reflex, but has the initiative, and is a younger brother who "attacks" obviously.

Like the maze experiment above, although the guinea pigs are forced to put into the maze, they explore the maze and act completely autonomously.

And the food they get is the reward and punishment mechanism after that.

In return for food, the guinea pigs continue to strengthen their learning behaviors and become familiar with the terrain of the maze faster and better.

Actually, there is a simpler example, and that is the question box.

If a cat is trapped in a problem box, motivated by a desire for freedom, the cat owner will run around trying to find the exit of the box.

If, at this point, it accidentally steps on the mechanism in the box, such as a pedal. And after touching this pedal, the door of the problem box suddenly opened, and the cat owner was able to be free. After that, if it is trapped in the problem box again, I am afraid that when it sees the pedal, it will secretly call out "stupid human", press the cat's paw, and fly away from the door of the hole.

It works by making animals rely on unconditional stimuli ("the feat owner's resistance to being restrained", "guinea pig's craving for food") and must do one thing ("step on the pedal", "get out of the maze") before they can be paid ("get free", "feast").

In addition, exchanging the final reward for punishment will have a similar effect.

Manipulative conditioning, which can train animals to complete various complex behaviors, is the principle of circus animal taming.

Through rewards such as food, and a few whips, the animals will slowly learn and master some special skills, including but not limited to topping the ball, playing the flute, running the fire ring, and playing the piano.

In addition, do you feel that this kind of manipulation conditioning is quite familiar, why is it so similar to those experiences when you were a child?

For example, "the test score has improved, and my dad takes it to a big meal", "I failed a class, I was stripped of my pants, and I had a mixed doubles". In fact, it's really operant conditioning.

To put it cruelly, reinforcing your learning behavior through rewards or punishments is not much different from dog training......

In addition, rewards appear to be more effective than punishments in operant conditioning. Through punishment, the "good habits" that are forced to develop fade much faster than the rewards come.

After watching this piece, Levi adjusted the order of the metal pieces.

The two reflex brothers he saw behind him were placed in the front, the second monkey smashing the shell was placed a little later, and the first one was the goblin and the rat, which was the last.

This is actually a learning sequence of animal learning behaviors when he first came into contact with them, and they imply different learning behaviors.

Classical conditioning and operant conditioning were the first things he came into contact with. Although the principle is not the same, the learning behavior of animals in the natural environment is often caused by the two of them together, and the manipulative conditioning is the main one.

In addition to these two, there are habituation, trial and error learning, latent learning, imitation learning, play learning, imprint learning, learning set, and epiphany learning.

Now the third piece of metal of a monkey smashing a shell may involve classical conditioning, imitation learning, and imprint learning. And the last picture of the difference between goblins and rats, which involves something more important.

That's a cultural phenomenon.

It's a mixture of imitation learning and imprint learning.

Levi feels that it is the key to explaining "what makes man human" and "how man is different from animals".

(Don't worry, I won't talk about all of these things at once, but only pick a few important ones to talk about.) ^_^ ）