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If Zhang Jiashi believes that "Wu Zi" is the most comprehensive military book among the seven books of the Wujing, then Zhang Jiashi has to admit one point, that is, the strategic thinking of the Great Qin Empire sweeping the six countries has nothing to do with "Wu Zi", but has a fundamental relationship with another work of the military masters in the pre-Qin period, that is, Wei Mi, who was once worshiped as a national lieutenant by King Yingzheng of Qin, that is, "Wei Mizi" written by Wei Mi in the history books. Pen Fun Pavilion wWw. ｂiquge。 ｉｎfo

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There were two people in the Warring States Period, one of whom was a hermit during the reign of King Hui of Wei, and the other was a state lieutenant during the reign of King Qin of Qin. Because they are in the same Warring States, it is easy to get confused. The mention of Wei Yi in the history books generally refers to Wei Yi.

Wei Yi, year of birth and death unknown, a figure of the Warring States Army. A native of Daliang (now Kaifeng, Henan) of Wei State. I don't know the surname, the name is Yu, in the tenth year of the reign of King Qin (237 BC), he entered Qin to lobby, and after being appointed as a national lieutenant, he was renamed Wei Yu.

He made great contributions to the unification of the six countries by King Yingzheng of Qin, and advocated 'merging the vast and one system'. Legend has it that Wei Yu knew how to divinate faces, and at the beginning of his appreciation by King Yingzheng of Qin, he once believed that Yingzheng's face was strong, and he could be humble and sincere when he asked for help, but when he was offended, he would become extremely brutal, and he would not be soft on the enemy. Wei Yi thought that such a Ying Zheng lacked the benevolence to take care of the people of the world, and tried to escape from the residence arranged for him by Ying Zheng many times.

According to some opinions, Wei Yi came to Qin in the tenth year of the reign of King Qin (237 BC), at a time when the Qin Dynasty had already adhered to the dynasty and the domestic situation was stable, and the King of Qin was preparing to go all out to carry out the final blow against the six eastern kingdoms.

At that time, the situation was that with the power of Qin, it would not be a problem to destroy any of the six countries, but if the six countries united to fight Qin, the situation would be unpredictable. Therefore, the thorny problem in front of the King of Qin is how to make the six countries no longer "unite" and let the Qin army have a thousand momentum. Quickly subdue the six countries, unify the world, and avoid too many entanglements, so as not to consume national strength. Although it is the traditional practice of the Qin State to divide the Eastern countries, and Li Si and others are engaged in this work, what method is more advantageous. is still a very difficult problem. Eliminate the Six Nations and unify China. It was something that no one had ever done in history, and the young King of Qin knew this very well, and he did not want to fight an unprepared battle.

In addition, there was a very serious problem in the Qin State at that time, that is, there were many generals and fierce generals, but there were no military experts who were really familiar with military theory. Who should command these generals who are only good at fighting? How to strategically grasp the overall situation and draw up an overall offensive plan? This was a question that the King of Qin was very concerned about. He himself was born into the royal family, although he worked in a scheming manner. He stresses political strategy, but has never fought a war and lacks experience in leading troops. Li Si and other Wenchen also have a lot of ideas and little hard work, and if they really want to go to the battlefield and fight with real knives and guns, they are useless one by one.

Wei Yu's general view of the war at that time was that there were two different types of war. We oppose the unjust war of killing people and overstepping goods, and support the just war of "punishing riots and prohibiting injustice". It is clearly stated: "No soldier shall attack a city without guilt, nor kill the innocent." The father and brother of the husband who kills, the goods and wealth of the people, and the children of the concubines. It's all theft." With regard to the strategy and tactics of waging war, Wei Yu stressed the need for a comprehensive understanding of war, pointing out that there are three different but interrelated winning strategies, namely, Youdao, Weisheng, and Lisheng. He believed that if he understood these three ways to win, he would have the initiative in the war in an all-round way. He pointed out the importance of the command of the commander in the war. "The enemy will judge the general, and then raise the army. "The heart of the general is also, the group is also the subordinate, and the branch is also. "It is necessary to correctly analyze the enemy's situation. Carefully select the generals, and then send troops. The commander and the soldier must be as harmonious as the heart (brain) and the limbs, and become a whole, so that they can be strategic, resourceful and decisive, and give correct commands. He advocated that the army must first be governed by a legislative system, and that it is necessary to enforce the law strictly, so that it can be neatly unified, dare to cross high mountains, dare to cross deep waters, dare to attack strong formations, and ensure that "no one in the world can fight against it." Heavy punishments should be imposed on those who violated military discipline and orders, and severe punishment should be given to generals and soldiers who were defeated, surrendered, or fled, so that the people from top to bottom would be afraid and concentrate on the enemy. In terms of specific tactics, Wei Yu also practiced the most advanced methods at that time, such as in the aspect of array, he proposed: The soldiers "have introverts and extroverts, and there are formations and towns." Such a formation is staggered and easy to command. This can be proved in the terracotta warriors and horses pit of the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang that people can see today.

Regarding the relationship between military and politics, Wei Yu likened it to the relationship between the trunk of a plant and the seed, the so-called "soldiers, with martial arts as plants, with literature as seeds, martial arts as the surface, and literature as the inside, can judge the two and know the victory or defeat." He also pointed out that without good politics, there can be no strong military force, and the military is a means to solve political problems. The author has repeatedly emphasized the importance of developing production to the military, pointing out that those who manage the army should take farming and weaving as the foundation of governing the country, and that "the husband is in the plow, the wife is in the machine, and the people have savings if they have nothing to do." Only when the people are rich and the country is strong, and the army is strong, can we defend and conquer.

With a simple dialectical viewpoint, Wei Yi put forward 12 positive and negative experiences in administering the army.

If you follow the 12 positive lessons, you will be able to overwhelm the enemy, otherwise, you will be overwhelmed by the enemy. The 12 positive lessons are: Establishing prestige lies in not changing orders easily, giving favors lies in rewarding in a timely manner, making good decisions at the right time lies in being able to adapt to changes in various situations, defeating the enemy lies in mastering the morale of both the enemy and us: winning in an offensive lies in taking it by surprise, defending firmly lies in repairing fortifications, not making mistakes lies in abiding by the law, not falling into difficulties requires being prepared, prudence lies in guarding against small problems, wisdom lies in being able to deal with major problems, eliminating evils lies in being bold and decisive, and winning the hearts of the people lies in treating people with humility.

That is, it attaches importance to the political character and personal exemplary role of the generals, and requires the generals to enforce the law impartially, to exercise both grace and might, to endure hardships in the face of scabies, to forget oneself in battle, and to set an example for others; to attach importance to the administrative building of the troops, and to formulate relatively complete rules and regulations on combat, internal affairs, and discipline, which are important materials for studying the history of the pre-Qin military system; to pay attention to the training of the army, to expound the purpose, methods, and steps of training, and the system of rewards and punishments in training, and to put forward the training method of training from the grassroots level to the level of instructors and finally to joint training; attaching importance to rewards and punishments, and proposing " The idea of killing one person and killing those who are shocked by the three armies will be killed, rewarding one person and rewarding those who are happy with all people, and "killing is a great reward and rewarding a small one"; the book describes the specific regulations and requirements for various rewards and punishments.

After Wei Yi entered the Qin State, there were two allusions:

As soon as Wei Yi arrived in the Qin State, he offered a plan to the King of Qin, saying: "With the strength of the Qin State, the princes are like the kings of the counties. What I am worried about is that the princes are 'united', and they unite to surprise them, which is why the kings of Zhibo, Fucha, and Min perished. I hope that the king will not cherish his possessions, and use them to bribe the powerful ministers of various countries in order to disturb their strategies, so that he will lose only 300,000 gold, and the princes can be wiped out. "The words happened to the issue that King Qin was most worried about. King Qin felt that this person was not ordinary, and he was the person he was looking for in every possible way. So they listened to him. Not only that, in order to show his favor, King Qin also let Wei Yu enjoy the same clothes and food as himself, and every time he saw him, he always behaved very humble.

Legend has it that Wei Yu knew how to divinate with faces, and at the beginning of his appreciation by the King of Qin, he once believed that the King of Qin's face was strong, and he could be humble and sincere when he asked for help, but when he was offended, he would become extremely brutal and show no mercy to the enemy. Wei Yi believes that such a Qin king lacks the benevolence to take care of the people of the world. He tried many times to escape from the residence arranged for him by the King of Qin, ("Historical Records of the First Emperor of Qin": "The King of Qin is a man, with bee accuracy, long eyes, beloved birds, and jackal voices, less grace and tiger and wolf heart, and it is easy to live in the covenant, and he is also light on people. I clothed myself, and then I saw that I was always under me. Sincerity makes the King of Qin aspire to the world. The whole world is a captive.

Don't travel with long. This passage is also the earliest record of Qin Shi Huang's face in history), according to legend, "He once fled with his disciple Wang Ao overnight, and he didn't know where to go." "When Wei Yi first entered Qin, he met Meng Tian, the later general of Qin, and Meng Tian personally led the horse for him, and asked him to return to the mansion. Meng Tian once asked Wei Yi to continue writing. Wei Yu categorically refused, and planned to leave Mengfu, but only stayed after Meng Tian's bitter begging. Qin Shi Huang Yingzheng asked for advice many times, but Wei Yi refused many times, and later left. The King of Qin was furious and wanted to kill him, but at the begging of Li Si, the court lieutenant at the time, agreed to let Li Si recover him. At the suggestion of Li Si, he was given the post of lieutenant. In the end, he finally got the head of Wei Yu, who was willing to help Qin and become a courtier.

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From these points of view, we can see Wei Wei's way of thinking, and this way of thinking also indirectly affects the content description of "Wei Xuanzi".

It is worth mentioning that although the "Wei Yuzi" obtained in the Han Tomb of Yinque Mountain in later generations proves that there was a military book of "Wei Yuzi" during the Han Dynasty, it is actually doubtful whether all the contents of this book are written by Wei Yi.

The "Wei Xuanzi" unearthed from the Han Tomb in Yinque Mountain is described as 31 works of soldiers compared to the description of "Hanshu Art and Literature".

But even if you count the unearthed bamboo slips from the Han Tomb in Yinque Mountain, there are only twenty-four articles. It is very likely that the records of the Hanshu Yiwenzhi are more than the number of chapters recorded according to the corresponding circulating theories, and at that time, only twenty-four articles were actually circulated, and seven of them have been lost.

Judging from the description of the content of the twenty-four articles of "Wei Yuzi", "Wei Yuzi" may be a revised version during the Han Dynasty, or the people of the Han Dynasty have sorted out "Wei Yuzi" accordingly. Because from Wei Wei's way of thinking, the content of the twenty-four articles of "Wei Xuanzi" can be said to be relatively "chaotic".

And the twenty-four articles of this "Wei Xuanzi" may be a miscellaneous content composed of the content of another hermit, Wei Yi.

This can be seen in some of the contents:

"Heavenly Official?First One":

King Hui of Liang asked Wei Yuzi and said: "The Yellow Emperor is virtuous, can win a hundred victories, is there anything?" The Yellow Emperor is just a matter of personnel. ”

"Now there is a city, but the east and west cannot be taken, the north and the south cannot be taken, and there is no one in the four directions who can take advantage of the time? If the city is shallow and weak, it will be taken. From this point of view, the time of heavenly officials is not as good as personnel.

"According to the heavenly officials, the backwater array is a Jedi, and the Xianghan array is a waste army. King Wu cut down, turned his back to the water and marched to the mountain, with 22,500 people, struck hundreds of millions and destroyed the Shang, how could he not be the formation of heavenly officials!

"Chu will fight with the heart of the prince, and from time to time there will be comets coming out, and the handle is in Qi. Where the handle is, win, not strike. Childe said in his heart: How do you know about the comet? Tomorrow and Qi will fight and break it.

"The Yellow Emperor said: First gods and first ghosts, first I am wise. It's just a matter of heavenly officials. ......。 ”

"The Twelve Tombs: Seventh":

Prestige lies in the unchanging, benefit lies in the time, opportunity lies in the response, war lies in the control of qi, attack lies in the intention, defense lies in the external decoration, no fault lies in the degree, no difficulty lies in the preparation, prudence lies in the fear of the small, wisdom lies in the management of the great, the elimination of harm lies in decisiveness, and the victory lies in the subordinates.

Repentance lies in suspicion, iniquity lies in slaughter, partiality lies in selfishness, ignorance lies in ignorance of one's own faults, failure lies in depleting the people's wealth, ignorance lies in suffering, untruthfulness lies in lightness, stubbornness lies in detachment, misfortune lies in good interests, harm lies in pro-villains, death lies in failure to defend, and danger lies in having no orders.

"The Former Official?10":

The official is the master of the matter, and the foundation of the rule. The system, the office is divided into four people, and the rule is also divided. The nobles and the rich will be called, and the body of dignity and humility will also be called.

Good punishes evil, proportional to the law, accounting for the people's tools. Evenly grounded. The thrift is endowed, and the degree of giving is also. Cheng workers, spare equipment, craftsmen also. Divide the land and stuff it, and blame and forbid fornication.

Law-abiding judgment, the festival of subordinates. The law is clearly inspected, and the master's exercise is also. Ming Zhu Shou. and so on, and the power of the lord. Reward. Strict reprimand, the art of stopping adultery. Judge and open the stopper, keep one, and be important for the government.

Downgrading, listening to the deafening. Knowing whether there is a country or not, use it. Those who know each other are weak, and the strong body is also. Those who know each other will also be quiet.

The official is divided into civil and military, but the king's two skills are also. The beans are made together. The meeting of the Son of Heaven also. Lobbying spies have no self-involvement, and the art of discussion is also.

The princes have the gift of the Son of Heaven, and the monarchs and ministers inherit the king's order. It is easier to make it more common, contrary to Wang Mingde, so the ceremony can be cut down. There is nothing to do, and there is no celebration and reward. There are no lawsuits in prison for the people, and there are no merchants in the country.

"The Root Cause?11":

Who governs people? He said: If it is not five grains, it cannot fill the belly, and if it is not silk linen, it cannot cover the shape. Therefore, there are grains in the abdomen, and there are wisps in the shape of the cover. The husband is in Yunyun, the wife is in the machine, the people have no two things, then there are savings, the husband has no carving and carving, and the woman has no embroidery and decoration.

Wood liquid, gold fishy. The saint drinks in the soil and eats in the soil, so he thinks it is a tool, and there is no cost in the world. Today, too, the nature of gold and wood is not cold, and the clothes are embroidered, and the nature of horses and cattle eats grass and drinks, and gives corn to corn. It is the root of the treatment, and the system that should be set up.

In spring and summer, the husband is out of the south mu, and the woman in autumn and winter practices in cloth, and the **** is not sleepy. Today's short brown is not hidden, the chaff is not full, and it is not cured.

The ancients had no fertile soil, people were not industrious, how could the ancients gain, and how could the present people lose their money? The cultivators did not end their acres, and the weavers were cut off every day, but they were hungry and cold. The trip to cover the ancient era, and the end of the present era.

The husband is the ruler, so that the people are selfless. If the people are selfless, the world is a family, selfless farming and weaving, sharing the cold and the cold, and the hunger together. Therefore, if there are ten sons, they do not add one meal, and if they have one son, they do not lose one meal, and how can they shout and drink to ruin the good?

If the people are frivolous, then the trouble of desire and contention will arise. Born in a husband, **** private meals have stored food, private use has stored wealth, the people are prohibited, and the detention is punished, and there is nothing to think that people are also on the people. If good governance is in place and the people are selfless, then the subordinates will not dare to be selfish, and those who will not do anything wrong.

Contrary to the original reason, out of one place, then the desire to go, the fight to stop, the prison is empty, the wild is full of millet, the people are far away, there is no difficulty in the world outside, there is no riot inside, and the rule is also.

The sky of the firmament, I don't know the extreme, the king of the emperor, who is the law? The past life is unreachable, the next life cannot be treated, and those who seek themselves are also.

The so-called Son of Heaven is four: one is the gods, the second is the hanging light, the third is the Hongxu, and the fourth is invincible. This is also a matter of the Son of Heaven.

Wild things are not sacrificed, and miscellaneous studies are not Confucian. Today's speaker said: The sea of a hundred miles cannot drink a husband, and a three-foot spring is enough to quench the thirst of the three armies. The minister said: Desire is born in the unlimited, and evil is born in the unforbidden.

The deification of the Taishang, followed by the cause of things, and the lower lies in the fact that when there is no seizure of the people, there is no damage to the people's wealth. The forbiddenness of the husband must be made by force, and the reward must be made by writing.

"War Power?Twelfth Moment":

The art of war says: A thousand people become power, and ten thousand people become martial. Those who have the right to add people first will not be able to fight with the enemy; those who have added people first will have no authority to take over the enemy. Therefore, if the soldier is better than this, he will be better than the other, and if he is better than this, he will be better than the other. Where I go, I come, and I come, and I win or lose, and this battle is reasonable.

The husband cares about the gods, and the power of war cares about the Tao. There is none, there is none, and there is no belief.

Those who were rumored by the previous kings were allowed to deceive, save their kindness, and never leave a sentence. Therefore, those who know must first try to defeat without knowing the end, and evil must be meritorious. Those who seek war lightly, the enemy will stop at the attempt, and the enemy will win. Therefore, the art of war says: ask for it, follow it, see it and add it, the master does not dare to take it seriously, and he will lose his power.

Those who take it have no air, those who are afraid cannot defend it, and those who lose have no one, and there is no way for the soldiers. If you want to go without doubt, you will follow it, and if you have no way to seize the enemy, you will add it, and if you look at it openly and stand high, you will be powerful, and the way of war is extreme.

His words were unscrupulous and stealing, his mausoleum was unruly, and the three armies were in chaos due to the collapse of water and lightning. It will be safe, go to its troubles, and decide it with wisdom.

If it is high and it is based on the theory of the corridor temple, the emphasis is on the theory of receiving orders, and the theory of being sharp is beyond the boundary, then the enemy country can be subdued without a fight.

"Heavy Sentence Order" No. 13:

The husband will be from more than 1,000 people, there is a battle to the north, defend and surrender, flee from the ground, and say ****. Kill the family and cripple the family, go to their nationality, send their graves, brutalize their bones in the city, and men and women are officials. Since more than 100 people, there is a battle to the north, defend and surrender, flee from the ground, and call the army thieves. Dead and disabled, men and women are in office. If the people are afraid of heavy punishment inside, they will despise the enemy outside.

Therefore, the first Wang Ming system came first, and the heavy punishment came later. If the punishment is severe, the internal fear will be light, and the internal fear will be light.

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The content of the above volumes is very different from the basis of the description of "Wei Yuzi" as a military book, and if these contents may be a person or a inherited content, then Wei Yi is likely to be the relationship between the inheritance of the master and the family, just like the inheritance of Guiguzi.

[It's about to be 515, I hope to continue to hit the 515 red envelope list, and the red envelope rain will be able to give back to readers and promotional works on May 15. A piece is also love, it must be better!]

(To be continued.) )

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