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In Zhang Jiashi's understanding, "Wu Zi" plays a very important role as a comprehensive textbook. Pen "Fun" Pavilion www.biquge.info

After all, compared with "Sun Tzu's Art of War", "Three Strategies" and "Liutao", "Wu Zi" is more in line with the current local military and political pattern of the Great Qin Empire, which is more like the integration of military and government.

The military-political integration pattern of the Great Qin Empire is particularly obvious in the case of border counties. Zhang Jiashi was well aware that this was not a good thing in a sense, but there was no doubt that the border counties of the Great Qin Empire needed this kind of governance policy more than the relatively inefficient military-political division.

After all, if it is a border trouble or a war that breaks out directly, if everything has to wait for the three county officials of the county guard, the county guard, and the county lieutenant to reach an agreement, then the daylily will be cold.

The Han Dynasty obviously suffered a lot of losses in this situation, especially in the face of the Huns, the military and political division of the Han Dynasty led to the invasion and even population plundering of the border areas of the Han Dynasty many times, which is an unshirkable situation.

And in the history books, the corresponding situation is described, and even some of the content needs to be reported to Chang'an City and let the Han Dynasty emperor make up his mind what to do, Zhang Jiashi had to say that such a bureaucratic system should have been fed to the dog a long time ago.

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In "Wu Zi", Wu Qi believes that strong soldiers are the foundation of a country's strength, and in Wu Qi's eyes, the average combat effectiveness of an army often represents the overall improvement of the country's military strength.

Zhang Jiashi believes that although this point is biased, in terms of Wu Qi's life's character, Wu Qi's focus in this regard is more Wu Qi's personal thoughts.

"The Third Soldier":

Wu Hou asked, "What is the way to enter the army?"

He said: "Xianming is four light, two heavy, and double." ”

He said, "What do you mean?"

He said: "Make the land light on horses, horses light on chariots, chariots light on people, and people light on war." Knowing (yin and yang) [danger and ease], the ground is light on horses, when the straw is cut, the horses are light on the chariots, the chariots are light on people, and the sharp armor is strong, then the people are light on the war. There is a big reward. There is a heavy punishment for retreating, and the practice is faithful. (Ling Zhiyuan) [trial can reach] this, the lord of victory also. ”

Wu Hou asked, "How can a soldier win?"

He said: "Win by governance." ”

Then he asked, "Not in the crowd?"

He said: "If the decree is not clear, the reward and punishment are not believed, the gold is not stopped, and the drum is not advanced, although there are millions." What is the benefit of use? The so-called ruler is polite when he lives. Movement is powerful, unstoppable, retreat can not be chased, but there is a section in front, left and right should be led, although it is absolutely Chen, although it is scattered. With it, with danger, its people can be united and inseparable. can be used but not tired, cast it wherever it goes, the world is not a pawn, and it is called the soldier of father and son. ”

Wu Zi said: "All the way of marching, there is no violation of the festival of advance and stop, there is no loss of suitable diet, and there is no absolute strength. All three. Therefore, let it be ordered, let it be ordered, and the rule will be born. If the progress is not stopped, the diet is uncomfortable, and the horse is tired and tired, so he does not let it be ordered. The order is abolished, the residence is chaotic, and the war is defeated. ”

Wu Zi said: "Where there is a battlefield of war, a place where corpses are erected, if you die, you will live, and if you are lucky, you will die." Its good generals are like sitting in a leaky boat. Under the burning house, the wise will not be able to plan, the brave will not be angry, and the enemy will be affected. Therefore, it is said: The harm of using soldiers is the greatest hesitation, and the disaster of the three armies is born of suspicion. ”

Wu Zi said: "Mrs. (dang) [often] dies what she can't do, and it is inconvenient to defeat her." Therefore, the method of using soldiers: teaching Rong first. One person learns warfare and teaches 10 people, 10 people learn warfare and teaches 100 people, 100 people learn warfare and teach 1,000 people, 1,000 people learn warfare and teach 10,000 people, and 10,000 people learn warfare and teach 30,000 armies. Treat the near to the far, wait for the labor, and wait for the hungry with the full. Round and square, sit and get up, line and stop, left and right, front and back, divide and combine, knot and dissolve. Every change is a habit, and it is a soldier. It's for the future. ”

Wu Zi said: "The order of teaching war, the short one holds a spear and halberd, the old one holds a bow and crossbow, the strong one holds a banner, the brave one holds a golden drum, the weak one gives a sample, and the wise man is the mastermind." Compared with the township, Shiwu protects each other. One drum to organize the army, two drums to practice Chen, three drums to eat, four drums to argue, and five drums to do. Listen to the drums and fold, then raise the flag. ”

Wu Hou asked: "How can there be a way for the three armies to advance and stop?"

He said: "There is no stove in the day, and there is no faucet." The one who is the stove of heaven is the mouth of the valley, and the one who is the head of the dragon is the end of the mountain. It must be the green dragon on the left, the white tiger on the right, the vermilion bird in the front, and the Xuanwu in the back. Swagger is on top, engaged in bottom. When the battle is about to come, judge the wind from it, the wind will follow it, and the wind will wait for it. ”

Wu Hou asked: "Where the animal (pawn) [car] rides, how can there be a way?"

He said: "Husband and horse, they will be safe in their places, suitable for their water and grass, and they will be hungry and full." In winter, it is warm (burning) [stable], and in summer it is cool. Carved hairy mane, carefully fall around, kill its ears and eyes, no order to be frightened, Xi its gallop, idle its advance, people and horses blind date, and then can be made. The equipment of the chariot and ride, the saddle, the sle, the title, and the bridle will be made strong. Every horse is not hurt by the end, but by the beginning, and if it is not wounded by hunger, it must be wounded by the full. The sun and twilight are far away, and they must be counted up and down, and they would rather work for others, be cautious and have no horses, and often have more than enough orders, and prepare for the enemy to overthrow me. Those who can understand this are rampant in the world. ”

In this volume of Wu Zi, Wu Qi believes that the development of a strong fighting force can often determine the outcome of a war.

This situation has something in common with Wu Qi's experience of defeating the Qin army in the battle of Yin and Jin. Because it was the powerful troops of the Warring States period that Wu Qi relied on to resist the Qin army and won a great victory.

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"On the Fourth":

Wu Zi said: "The husband is a civil and military officer, a general of the army, and a strong and soft person, and a soldier." Mortals talk about generals, often look at bravery, and courage is a fraction of a second. The brave man will be lightly combined, and he will not know the benefits of the light, and he will not be able to. Therefore, there are five prudent ones: one is reason, two is preparation, three is fruit, four is Rong, and five is covenant. Those who are rational rule the crowd are like ruling the widows, those who are prepared are like seeing the enemy when they go out, those who are fruitful are not pregnant with the enemy, those who are fighting are like starting a war, and those who make an appointment are not troubled by the laws and regulations. Accept the order without resigning, the enemy is broken and then returned, and the gift is also. Therefore, on the day of the teacher's departure, there is the glory of death, and there is no shame of life. ”

Wu Zi said: "All soldiers have four machines: one is the gas machine, the second is the ground machine, the third is the event machine, and the fourth is the force machine. The crowd of the three armies, the division of millions, the importance of the Zhang set, lies in one person, and it is called the qi machine. The road is narrow and dangerous, the famous mountain is big, the ten husbands are guarded, and the thousands of people are just the ground machine. Good deeds of spies, light soldiers, scattering their people, so that their kings and ministers resent, and blame each other, is an opportunity. Che Jian governs. Zhouli Lu, Shi Xi Zhan Chen, horses galloping, is a force machine. Knowing these four is a general. However, its might, virtue, benevolence, and courage will be enough to lead the people to calm the people and fear the enemy. Do not [dare] to commit an offense when you give orders. [and] Kou did not dare to fight. The country that gains is strong, and the country that goes to perish. It is a good general. ”

Wu Zi said: "Fu Mo drum Jin Duo." Therefore the prestige, the banner is prestigious, and the prohibition and punishment are therefore prestigious. The ears are mighty in the sound, and they must not be clear, the eyes are in the color, and the heart is in the punishment, and they must not be strict. If the three do not stand, though they have their own kingdoms, they will be defeated by the enemy. Therefore, it is said: Where it is, it must be moved. If you point to it, you can't die. ”

Wu Zi said: "All the important things in the war, we must first occupy their generals and observe their talents, because of the form of the use of power, then do not work but merit." They will be foolish and trustworthy, but they can be deceived and seduced. Greedy and ignorant of fame, but goods and bribes. Effortless. It's hard to work and be sleepy. The rich are arrogant, the poor are resentful, and they can be separated. Suspicious of advance and retreat, they have no support, and they can be shocked away. The soldier is light and has a return, and it is easy to open up the risk. Available by invitation. It is easy to enter, but difficult to retreat. The approach is dangerous, the retreat is easy, and it can be thin. The army is wet, the water is not passable, and the rain is coming. Can be poured and sunk. The army is barren, the grass is filthy, and the wind is suffocating, and it can be burned and destroyed. If it stops for a long time, the soldiers are slack, and its army is unprepared, so it can sneak attack. ”

Wuhou asked: "The two armies look at each other, I don't know their generals, I want to get along, how is its technique?"

He said: "The cheap and brave will be light and sharp, and they will be in the north, and they will not be able to get it." Watching the enemy come, sitting together, its politics is reasonable, its pursuit of the north is too late, its see the benefits of the pretend not to know, such a general, called a wise general, do not fight. If its people are in an uproar, the banner is disturbed, its pawns stop themselves, its soldiers are vertical or horizontal, they are afraid that they will not be able to chase the north, and they will not be able to see the benefits, this is a foolish general, although the public can get it. ”

"Contingency 5":

Wu Hou asked: "Che Jian Ma Liang, the general is brave and strong, and when he encounters the enemy, he loses his line in chaos, what is the case?"

Wu Qi said: "The method of warfare is to take the banner as the festival during the day, and the golden drum and flute as the festival at night. Left to left, right to right. The drum is advanced, and the gold is stopped. Blow and go, and then blow and gather. Those who do not obey the order will be punished. The three armies are powerful, and the soldiers use their lives, then there is no strong enemy in the battle, and there is no strong attack. ”

Wu Hou asked: "If the enemy is outnumbered, what can I do?"

He said: "Avoid it in the easy, invite it in the open." Therefore, it is said: Do not be good at striking ten with one blow, do not be good at danger with ten strikes, and be good at blocking with thousands of strikes. Today, there are young (years) to rise, beating the golden drum on the road, although there are the public, all of them are alarmed. Therefore, it is said: It is easy to use the many, and it is easy to use the few. ”

Wu Hou asked: "There is a division that is very heavy, both martial and brave, with great dangers and obstacles, the right mountain and the left water, the deep ditch and high base, the defense is strong, the retreat is like a mountain, the advance is like a wind and rain, and there is a lot of food, it is difficult to keep it for a long time, so what is it?"

He said: "This is not the power of the chariot, but the strategy of the saint." It can prepare thousands of horses, and on foot, it is divided into five armies, and each army has a qu. The five armies and five qus of the husband, the enemy will be confused, and there is nothing to add. If the enemy holds on to strengthen his army, he will rush to spy to see his worries. He listened to me, and went away, but if he didn't listen to me, he burned the book. It is divided into five battles, and if you win, don't chase, and don't win. If it is a feint north, it will fight quickly, one will be in front of it, one will be in the back, and the two military ranks, or left or right, will attack it. When the five armies are handed over, they must have their (strength) [benefit]. This is also the way to fight strongly. ”

Wu Hou asked: "The enemy is close and thin, and there is no way to go, and I am very afraid, what can I do about it?"

He said, "For this reason, if we have many and they are few, we will divide and multiply them, and if we are few, we will follow them, and there will be no interest from them, although they can be obeyed." ”

Wu Hou asked: "If you encounter an enemy between the valleys, there are many dangers, and they are outnumbered, what can I do about it?"

He said: "[Encounter] hills, forest valleys, deep mountains, and Daze, go quickly, don't be calm." If the mountains and valleys meet suddenly, they must first make noise and ride them, enter the bow and crossbow, and shoot and capture. If you examine its politics, chaos will undoubtedly hit it. ”

Wu Hou asked: "The mountains on the left and right, the land is very narrow, and when you encounter the enemy, you don't dare to hit it, you can't go there, what can you do about it?"

Qi said: "This is called a valley war, although the public does not use it." Recruit our soldiers and the enemy equal, light foot and sharp soldiers thought to move forward, divided into chariots and cavalry hidden on the side, a few miles away, no soldiers, the enemy will be firm, advance and retreat dare not. So they went out of the mountains and camps outside the mountains, and the enemy was afraid. Don't let the car ride to pick it up. The method of this valley battle is also. ”

Wu Hou asked: "I met the enemy in the great water, the wheel was tilted, the water was thin, the car was ridden, the boat was not set, and there was no way to advance or retreat, what could I do about it?"

He said: "This is a water war, useless cars to ride, and leave it behind." Climb high and look around, you will get the water situation, know its breadth and narrowness, and try its shallow and deep, which can be surprising to win. If the enemy is cut off from water, half of it will be thin. ”

Wu Hou asked: "It has been raining for a long time, the horses are stuck in the carriage, the enemy is being attacked on all sides, and the three armies are frightened, what can they do?"

He said: "Whoever uses the car, if it is damp, it will stop, and if it is dry, it will rise; if you go down to the noble and low, you will ride its strong car; if you enter and stop, you will follow its way." If an enemy arises, he will chase away his trace. ”

Wu Hou asked: "What if the tyrants come and plunder my fields and take my cattle and sheep?"

He said: "When the tyrant comes, he must consider his strength, and he must not respond to it." He will be gone, his clothes will be heavy, his heart will be afraid, and he will retreat quickly, and there will be no belonging. Pursue and attack it, and its soldiers can be overturned. ”

Wu Zi said: "Whenever the enemy besieges the city, the city is broken, each enters its palace, controls its rank, and collects its utensils." Wherever the army went, there was no publication of its wood, no distribution of its house, taking its millet, killing its six animals, and burning its accumulation, showing that the people had no cruelty. It has to surrender, and it is allowed to be peaceful.

"Respires Sixth":

Wu Hou asked, "Is it enough to punish and reward?"

He said: "The minister can't know about the strict things." Although, it is not to be feared. The husband gives orders and people are happy to hear it, the division moves the people and people are happy to fight, and the soldiers are happy to die. These three are also the things that the master of man can rely on. ”

Wu Hou said: "What can I do?"

He said: "The king has meritorious deeds and enters, and meritorious deeds are encouraged." ”

So Wuhou set up a temple to sit in the court, for the three elements, and the doctor of the scholars. The second gong sits in the middle of the line, and the food table is reduced by the difference between the food and the table, and the reactive power sits and the back line, and the food table has no heavy equipment. After the feast was completed, he also awarded the parents and wives of the meritorious people outside the temple gate, and also took merit as a difference. There is a house of death, and the messenger of the year (reprimanded) gives it to his parents, and he does not forget it.

After three years of practice, the Qin people rejuvenated the division and faced the West River. When Wei Shi heard this, he didn't wait for the order, and there were tens of thousands of people who fought hard.

Wuhou summoned Wu Qi and said: "The teaching of the day before yesterday is carried out." ”

He said: "The ministers heard that people have short and long, and their qi has ups and downs." There are 50,000 people who have failed to do so, and the ministers are invited to take the lead. Get rid of its invincibility, make fun of the princes, and lose power in the world. Now make a dead thief lie in wait in the wilderness, and a thousand people will chase him, and they will not look down on the wolf. Who? Don't let it break out and harm yourself. It is a man who throws his life, and he is afraid of a thousand people. With 50,000 people, and for the sake of four thieves, it is difficult to defeat them. ”

So Wuhou followed, and the car was 500 rides, riding 3,000 horses, and breaking the Qin 500,000 people, which was also a meritorious achievement.

On the first day of the battle, Wu Qi ordered the three armies to say: "All officials and soldiers should be subject to (Chi) [enemy]." If the car is not ridden, the ride is not ridden, and the vain is not allowed to be a disciple, although the army is broken, there is no (easy) [merit]. "On the day of the war, its order was not annoying and shocked the world.

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The content of these three volumes of "Wu Zi" should actually be understood together, because in Wu Qi's description, as an excellent general, he must understand the principle of adapting and encouraging soldiers to fight.

Zhang Jiashi can believe that if it were not for the loss of most of the content of "Wu Zi", perhaps the "Seven Books of Wujing" would have listed "Wu Zi" as a more important textbook.

(To be continued.) )

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