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(1) Overview of Hechuan

Hechuan is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, northwest of Chongqing, about 70 kilometers away from the main urban area of Chongqing. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

There are famous historical and cultural monuments such as Diaoyu City and Laitan Ancient Town in Hechuan, where celebrities such as Zhou Dunyi, Zhang Senkai, Lu Zuofu and Tao Xingzhi have taught and started a business, and it is the hometown of Liu Wenxue, the first young hero of New China.

Hechuan is the traffic artery of Chongqing to Shaanxi, Gansu and other places and the transportation hub of northwest Chongqing and northeast Sichuan.

Hechuan is one of the birthplaces of Ba culture.

Hechuan, the ancient name of Dianjiang (originally the Yanjiang River, take Jia, Fu Erjiang in the north of the city of Yazui's confluence of the water such as the overlapping meaning of clothes, "Hanshu Geographical Chronicles" mistakenly recorded as Dianjiang), before the Ba people entered, it was the main residence of the Pu people, and the ancient city of Hechuan "Bazicheng" (now under the Tongliang Mountain in the urban area) was once the capital of Ba country.

In 314 B.C., Dianjiang County was established, and the county governed Hechuan, Wusheng, Tongliang, Anyue, and Yuechi counties, and belonged to Ba County, and the governance was located in Hechuan.

II. A Great War That Influenced World History - The Battle of Diaoyu City (Battle of Hezhou)

(1) Diaoyu City

Diaoyu City is located on the Diaoyu Mountain, 5 kilometers east of Hechuan District, and its mountain stands abruptly and towering, with a relative height of about 300 meters.

The confluence of the three rivers of Jialing River, Qujiang River and Fujiang River under the mountain, surrounded by water on three sides in the south, north and west, the terrain is very dangerous. Diaoyu City is divided into inner and outer cities, and the outer city is built on the cliffs, and the city walls are made of stones.

(2) The Battle of Diaoyu City

The most shocking thing in this battle was that Meng Ge was wounded in battle and died of his injuries.

Meng Ge, the Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, known as "Meng Ke Khan" in history, is the grandson of Genghis Khan, the eldest son of Tuolei, and his fourth brother is Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan dynasty.

At the end of the eighth year of Möngke Khan (1258), the Mongol army advanced into Chongqing of the Song Dynasty and was blocked under the Diaoyu City of Hezhou north of Chongqing.

Meng Ge sent people to recruit him, but Song Zhi Hezhou Wang Jian sternly refused and killed the envoy.

Möngke was then determined to conquer the Diaoyu City by force.

In the first month of the following year, Meng Ge attacked Hechuan.

At the same time, Meng Ge divided his troops to attack Quxian and Bazhong in Sichuan, cutting off their connection with Diaoyu City, and then attacked Zhong (now Zhongxian County, Chongqing) and Fu (now Fuling, Chongqing) all the way to cut off the reinforcements of the Song army downstream, leaving Diaoyu City completely isolated.

In February, Meng Ge personally led his troops to garrison on Shizi Mountain in the southeast corner of the city and cleared the Song ships on the river.

However, the Mongol army continued to attack Diaoyu City and its surrounding camps, but they were all repulsed.

In April, although the Mongol army made a detour to the northwest to attack the outer city, and even reached the top of the city for a time, it was still repulsed.

Due to repeated attacks, the forward coach and famous general Wang Dechen was injured and died, coupled with the arrival of summer, the local heat and epidemic epidemics, which made the morale of the Mongolian army low.

On the other hand, the Southern Song Dynasty soldiers and civilians in the city, under the leadership of Wang Jian, resisted the attack of the Mongol army during the day, and attacked the Mongol army camp at night, and the Mongol army had nothing to do.

In July, Meng Ke was wounded during the attack on Diaoyu City, and later died of his wounds, and the Mongol army that conquered Bashu was forced to retreat (this is the greatest achievement of the Battle of Hechuan and the place where it is remembered).

(3) The great impact of the Battle of Diaoyu City

First, it led to the complete collapse of the Mongol war against the Song Dynasty, which allowed the Song Zuo to last for 20 years.

Second, it halted the Mongol army's third westward expedition and alleviated the threat of Mongol forces to Europe, Asia, Africa and other countries.

Beginning in 1252, Möngke Khan sent his brother Hulegu to launch a third expedition to the west, conquering large areas of the Arabian Peninsula such as present-day Iran, Iraq, and Syria.

Just as Hülegü was preparing to march to Egypt, he learned of Möngke's death, so Hülegü left a small army to continue the campaign, and led his army back east.

As a result, the Mongol army was outnumbered and defeated by the Egyptian army, and the Mongol army was never able to enter Africa.

The Mongols' massive expansion campaign was at a low ebb.

Third, it provided an opportunity for Kublai Khan to take charge of the Mongol regime and had a significant impact on the development of Chinese history. Due to the death of Meng Ge, Kublai Khan, who attacked Jing'e, also fought for the throne in the north at the end of the year and finally succeeded.