Ruan Si Zongkou no matter how good people are, I can't reach each teacher;

To be roped by the people of etiquette, the disease is like an enemy, fortunately the general keeps the ear. I am not as good as the capital of the heir, but I have the opportunity to relax, I don't know people's feelings, I am secretly in the right place, I am not cautious of ten thousand stones, but I am tired.

For a long time, the provocation is rising, although there is no trouble, it can be obtained? and polite, the court has the law, since the only to be familiar, there must be unbearable seven, even the two: lying happy to get up late, and when the call is not placed, a unbearable also.

Holding the piano and chanting, fishing in the grass and fields, and the officials guarding it, they must not act rashly, and they are unbearable. Sitting in danger for a while, paralysis can not be shaken, sex complex lice, scratching endlessly, and when wrapped in a chapter uniform, bow to the official, three unbearable.

It is not convenient to write, and I don't like to write books, and there are many things in the world, and there are many cases in the world, and there are many opportunities to pay each other, so I am guilty of teaching and hurting righteousness, and I want to force myself, so I can't last long, and I can't bear it.

I don't like mourning, but humanity attaches great importance to it, and it has been complained by those who have not seen forgiveness, and I want to see those who are slandered; although I blame myself, but my nature cannot be transformed, and if I want to be obedient to the customs, I will be ruthless, and I will not be able to get blameless and honorless.

I don't like the laity, but when I work with them, or the guests sit in full, the sound is deafening, the noise is dusty, and there are a lot of tricks, and in front of people, six unbearable.

The heart is impatient, and the official affairs are in the palm of the hand, the machine is entangled in his heart, the world is troubled, and he is unbearable. And every time it is not soup, martial arts, but Bo Zhou, and Kong, there is more than one in the world, and this matter will be revealed, and the world religion will not tolerate it, and this is even indispensable.

Just intestinal disease, reckless and outspoken, when something happens, this is even indispensable. In order to promote the nature of caution, unify these nine troubles, there is no external difficulty, when there is an internal disease, would rather be in the world for a long time?

I also heard the last words of the Taoist priest, the bait technique yellow essence, make people live for a long time, and believe it very much; travel to the mountains, watch fish and birds, and the heart is very happy; a line of officials, this matter will be abolished, and An can give up his pleasure and follow his fear!

Empty talk, in the Wei and Jin dynasties, was mainly manifested in metaphysical debates between celebrities and scholars, and this situation was called Qing talk.

Metaphysics had already formed a scale at that time, but in many ways, metaphysics did not have much significance for governing the country or the governance of the place itself.

Metaphysics itself is a term of Taoist doctrine, and after a period of time, metaphysics became known as Neo-Taoism, a study and commentary of Laozi, Zhuangzi, and Zhou Yi, which arose in the Wei and Jin dynasties.

Metaphysics is a trend of thought that emerged from the Wei and Jin dynasties to the middle of the Song Dynasty in China. It can also be said to be a new way of expression of Taoism, so it is also known as a new Taoist. The duration of its ideology lasted from the end of the Han Dynasty to the end of the Song Dynasty. Metaphysics was the mainstream of thought that replaced the two Han classics in the Wei and Jin dynasties.

Metaphysics is "Xuanyuan Learning", which is based on "Ancestral Narrative of Laozhuang", and calls "Laozi", "Zhuangzi" and "Zhou Yi" "Three Xuan". Taoist metaphysics is also the only discipline other than Confucianism that has been designated as official science.

In the origin of metaphysics, the famous group of the Wei State during the Three Kingdoms period, "Sicong Bada", can be said to be the founder.

But in terms of influence, Ji Kang was a master figure in the early days of the metaphysical epidemic.

......

Ji Kang lost his father at a young age and was raised by his mother and brother. Bright at an early age, well-read, and learning various skills. When he became an adult, he liked to read Taoist works, and he was seven feet eight inches long, and his appearance was outstanding, but he didn't pay attention to dressing up. Later, he married the daughter of Cao Lin, the king of Pei, and the lord of Changle Pavilion as his wife, so he was worshiped by Langzhong, and later served as the doctor of Zhongsan.

Ji Kang and Changle Pavilion have a son and a daughter. He often cultivates the things of cultivating his temperament and serving Neidan, playing the piano and reciting poems, and is self-satisfied.

Ji Kang admired Lao Zhuang and once said: "Lao Zhuang, my teacher is also!" Advocating the way of life of "teaching more than the name and letting nature go", he wrote "Theory of Health" to explain his own health preservation. He praised the deeds of the ancient hermit Dashi, longed for the life of birth, and did not want to be an official.

Ji Kang once swam in the mountains to collect medicine, and when he was proud, he forgot to go home in a trance. At that time, there were people who cut wood and met him, and they all thought that he was a god. When he saw the hermit Sun Deng in the mountains of Jijun, Ji Kang traveled with him. Sun Deng was silent and didn't say anything. When Ji Kang was leaving, Sun Deng said: "You have a strong temperament and are talented, how can you avoid calamity?" Ji Kang met the hermit Wang Lie again, and went into the mountain together, Wang Lie had obtained the essence of the stone, so he ate half of it himself, and gave the remaining half to Ji Kang, and it was all condensed into stone. When he saw a book written on white silk in the stone room, he immediately called Ji Kang to get it, and the book was gone. Wang Lie then sighed: "Ji Kang's ambitions are unusual but he always has no talents, this is fate!"

The powerful general Sima Zhao wanted to hire him as a subordinate of the shogunate, and he fled to Hedong County to avoid the conquest. Captain Zhong Hui went to visit and was given a cold reception by him. When Shantao, who is also the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest, left the post of election official, he recommended Ji Kang to replace him. Ji Kang wrote "Breaking Friendship with Shan Juyuan", listing that he had "seven unbearable" and "two indispensable", and resolutely refused to go out.

The contents of "The Book of Breaking Friendship with Shan Juyuan" are as follows:

Kang Bai: In the past, I was called in Yingchuan, and I often called it Zhiyan. The year before last, when he returned from Hedong, Xianzong and Adu said that they would discuss it on their own behalf, and although things did not work, they did not know what they were content with. The foot is clear, more can be less strange; I am straight and narrow, many unbearable, and occasionally know each other under the foot. Idle smell of the foot move, dislike, afraid of the foot under the shame of the person's single cut, lead the corpse to self-help, hand recommended Luan knife, diffuse fishy, so with the foot to show its ability.

In the past, I read books, and those who were introduced to him may not be able to say nothing, but now I believe that they really have ears. Sex is unbearable, and it really can't be forced. Today's empty language knows that there are masters who are unbearable, not vulgar on the outside, but not bad on the inside, and the same wave as the first life, and regret is not heard. Lao Tzu, Zhuang Zhou, my teacher, also live in a lowly position; Liu Xia Hui, Dongfang Shuo, the master also, peace and humility, how dare I be short! and Zhong Ni and love, not ashamed to whip; Ziwen has no desire to be a prime minister, and Sandeng Ling Yin is the meaning of a gentleman's thinking of things. The so-called Danone is both good and unswerving, and poor is self-satisfied and not bored. From this point of view, the monarch of Yao and Shun, the rock of Xu You, the Zuohan of the ovary, and the song of the public opinion, its one also. Looking up to the number of gentlemen, it can be said that those who can fulfill their aspirations are also. Therefore, the gentleman has a hundred lines, different paths and the same, moving according to nature, and each attaching to it. Therefore, there is a theory that the court does not go out, and enters the mountains and forests without returning. And the wind of Yanling Gaozi Zang, Changqing Mu Xiangru's festival, the ambition is trusted, and it cannot be taken away. Every time I read the biography of Shang Ziping and Tai Xiaowei, I admire it and want to be a person. Less solitary dew, mother and brother are arrogant, and they are not involved in scripture. Sexual repetition is lazy, muscles and flesh are slow, the head and face are often not washed on January 15, not too itchy, and can not be bathed. I often urinate and can't bear it, so that the cells turn slightly and the ears are raised. and indulge for a long time, the affection is arrogant, the simplicity and etiquette are contrary to each other, the laziness and the slowness are compatible, and the peers see the leniency, do not attack it. I read "Zhuang" and "Old" again, and re-increased its release, so that the heart of Rongjin is declining, and the feeling of Ren Shi is turning. This is like a bird and deer, rarely domesticated, then obey the teaching system; long and see the restraint, then go wildly, go to the soup fire; although decorated with gold, feast with delicacies, the more you think about the long forest and aim at the abundant grass.

Ruan Si Zongkou no matter how good people are, I can't reach each teacher; To be roped by the people of etiquette, the disease is like an enemy, fortunately the general keeps the ear. I am not as good as the capital of the heir, but I have the opportunity to relax, I don't know people's feelings, I am secretly in the right place, I am not cautious of ten thousand stones, but I am tired. For a long time, the provocation is rising, although there is no trouble, it can be obtained? and polite, the court has the law, since the only to be familiar, there must be unbearable seven, even the two: lying happy to get up late, and when the call is not placed, a unbearable also. Holding the piano and chanting, fishing in the grass and fields, and the officials guarding it, they must not act rashly, and they are unbearable. Sitting in danger for a while, paralysis can not be shaken, sex complex lice, scratching endlessly, and when wrapped in a chapter uniform, bow to the official, three unbearable. It is not convenient to write, and I don't like to write books, and there are many things in the world, and there are many cases in the world, and there are many opportunities to pay each other, so I am guilty of teaching and hurting righteousness, and I want to force myself, so I can't last long, and I can't bear it. I don't like mourning, but humanity attaches great importance to it, and it has been complained by those who have not seen forgiveness, and I want to see those who are slandered; although I blame myself, but my nature cannot be transformed, and if I want to be obedient to the customs, I will be ruthless, and I will not be able to get blameless and honorless. I don't like the laity, but when I work with them, or the guests sit in full, the sound is deafening, the noise is dusty, and there are a lot of tricks, and in front of people, six unbearable. The heart is impatient, and the official affairs are in the palm of the hand, the machine is entangled in his heart, the world is troubled, and he is unbearable. And every time it is not soup, martial arts, but Bo Zhou, and Kong, there is more than one in the world, and this matter will be revealed, and the world religion will not tolerate it, and this is even indispensable. Just intestinal disease, reckless and outspoken, when something happens, this is even indispensable. In order to promote the nature of caution, unify the nine troubles, there are no external difficulties, when there are internal diseases, rather than be in the world for a long time? and hear the last words of the Taoist priest, bait trick yellow essence, make people live for a long time, the meaning is very believing; travel to the mountains, watch fish and birds, the heart is very happy; a line of officials, this matter will be abolished, An can give up his pleasure and follow his fear!

The lady knows each other, and you know her nature, so she helps her. Yu does not force Bo Chengzi to be high, and all of it is also a festival; Zhong Ni does not fake cover in Zixia and protects its shortcomings; near Zhuge Kongming does not force Yuan to enter Shu, Huazi Yu is not strong and young An is to be a prime minister, this can be said to be the beginning of the end, and the truth is also known. Seeing that the straight wood cannot be used as a wheel, and the curved wood cannot be used as a tree, the cover does not want to waste its genius, so that it can be obtained. Therefore, the four people have a business, each to get the will for the pleasure, only the one who can pass it, this foot to the inner ear. Don't see yourself as a good Zhang Fu, force others to be crowned with literature, and you are fond of stinky rot, and raise mandarin ducks to kill mice. I am learning the art of health preservation, the glory of the outside, the taste, the heart of loneliness, and the value of doing nothing. Even if there are no nine troubles, those who do not care about what they are good for. I also have a stuffy heart, and I am getting worse, and I try myself privately, and I can't be unhappy. Self-divination has been judged, and if the road is exhausted, it has been heard. There is nothing wrong with the feet, and the order is turned to the ravine.

My new loss of mother and brother's joy is often poignant. The female is thirteen years old, the male is eight years old, and he is not yet an adult, and he is sick. Looking at this, how can it be said! Today, I hope to guard the alleys, raise my children and grandchildren, and when I am separated from my relatives, I will talk about my life, have a glass of turbid wine, play a song on the piano, and complete my volunteering. If you don't say anything about it, but if you want to win people for the official, you can use your ears when you benefit. The old acquaintances are careless and careless, and they don't do anything, but they are not as good as today's talents. If the laity are happy with the glory and can only leave it, it is fast to do so, and this is the closest, and it can be heard. However, so that the breadth of the long talent is all-encompassing, and the ability not to camp is a precious ear. If I am sick and poor, and want to leave the matter for a better time, in order to save the rest of the year, this is really lacking, how can I see the Yellow Gate and call it chaste! If I want to ascend the royal road together, I hope to be together, and the time is happy, and once I am forced to do so, I will go crazy. Since you are not resentful, it will not be like this.

The savage has a fast back and a beautiful celery, and the supreme who wants to offer it, although it has a mere meaning, it has also been sparse. May it not be like that. The meaning is so, both to relieve the foot, and to think otherwise. Ji Kangbai.

But after that, an incident occurred that eventually led to Ji Kang's killing.

Lu An's wife Xu is beautiful and is Lu An's brother Lu Xun**. Lu An was resentful and wanted to sue Lu Xun. Ji Kang had dealings with Lu Xun and Lu An's brothers, so he advised Lu An not to expose family scandals and to clean up his reputation with the whole family. But Lü Xun was afraid of retaliation, so he preemptively accused Lü An of being unfilial, causing Lü An to be arrested by the government. Ji Kang was very angry and came forward to testify on behalf of Lu An, thus angering Sima Zhao. At this time, Zhong Hui, who had a grudge against Ji Kang, took the opportunity to frame Ji Kang to Sima Zhao and ordered Lu An and Ji Kang to be executed.

On the day of Ji Kang's execution, 3,000 Taixue students collectively petitioned the imperial court to pardon him and ask for Ji Kang to come to Taixue to teach, but these demands were not granted. Before the execution, Ji Kang's expression remained unchanged, as usual. He looked at the shadow of the sun and knew that there was still some time before the execution, so he asked his brother Ji Xi for his favorite piano, and stroked the song "Guangling San" on the execution ground. After the song was finished, Ji Kang put down the piano and sighed: "In the past, Yuan Xiaoni once studied "Guangling San" with me, but I always regretted and insisted on not teaching him, and "Guangling San" is now going to be lost. ”

After speaking, Ji Kang calmly killed at the age of Chinese New Year's Eve. There was nothing in the sea that did not regret it, and Sima Zhao soon realized his mistake, but he regretted it.

Xie Wan, a famous scholar of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, listed it as one of the "Eight Sages".

Yuan Hong also called Ji Kang and other seven people "Bamboo Forest Celebrities" in "The Biography of Famous Scholars".

......

During the Wei and Jin dynasties, the style of "clean talk" prevailed in society. "Clear talk" is relative to mundane talk, which is also called "clear talk". Whoever wants to talk about how to govern the country, how to strengthen the army and enrich the people, and who has made remarkable political achievements, etc., will be degraded as talking about mundane affairs and being ridiculed. Therefore, not talking about mundane things, but talking about Lao Zhuang and Zhou Yi, is called "Qingyan".

This kind of "pure speech" was very popular at that time, especially the ruling class and cultured people, who regarded it as an elegant thing and a romantic act. They discuss and argue together, express their differences, present their opinions, and cite arguments in order to refute others. Due to the general participation of the upper class, "clear talk" became fashionable.

The vast majority of the way of "clear talk" is oral talk. And as far as oral talk is concerned, there are several ways:

The first is the dialogue between the two people, that is, the so-called host-guest dialogue. A person who puts forward his or her own views on a certain issue is called a "master", and a person who puts forward different opinions and questions is called a "guest". The host and guest question each other and answer each other, and it is difficult to go back and forth, which is the main form of "clear talk".

The second is one host with multiple guests or one guest with multiple hosts. However, both the host and the guest are dominated by one person, and the rest can interject.

The third is "self-hosting". When no one else has a high opinion on the problem, someone can ask their own questions about the problem and answer it by themselves, so as to express their superb opinion. Once, everyone argued about a question, and in the end they were all exhausted in words, and the prime minister at that time, Xie An, "described his meaning and made more than 10,000 words", talking eloquently and with unique opinions. After finishing speaking, he was complacent, and there was nothing in the four that he did not admire.

At that time, people took the "Qing Talk" as a good opportunity to express their feelings, and many celebrities and idlers were keen on it. However, its purpose is not to discuss politics, but only for officials and literati to entertain and show that they are noble and do not talk about mundane affairs. In the "Orchid Pavilion Preface", it is said that "the ninth year of Yonghe,...... At the beginning of late spring, it will be in the Lanting of Huiji Shanyin, and repair things. "Cultivation" was originally an activity of bathing and descaling, playing in the water and picking orchids, and purifying and praying for auspiciousness on the third day of the first month of March, and "the gathering of sages and young people and the gathering of young and salty" is obviously not just an ordinary "repair";,......

"Qing Talk" is a polemical speech, and what it has in common with modern speech is that it requires new and different views, to "see what people have not seen, say what others have not said, and explore the subtleties of righteousness and reasoning to achieve the subtlety." If you step into the footsteps and pick up people's teeth, without new ideas, it will be irritating and boring. Sun Sheng went to Yin Hao's house to "talk" until he forgot to sleep and eat, and was unwilling to leave, if they talked about all the same thing, they would not be attracted to each other to this point.

A good "clean talk" requires a theoretical viewpoint to be unconventional, and at the same time, it must also have superb language skills to express the viewpoint. Once, Liu Yi went to Wang Meng's house to "talk", and after Liu left, Wang Meng's son asked his father: "Who won between you and Liu Yi?" Wang Meng said: "The rhyme is not as good as me, and the one who is broken is better than me." "The rhyme is beautiful and beautiful language, and the "broken" means that the theory is in the middle. The former includes the form of "clear talk" because of the tone of the voice, and the tone is melodious, and the words are accurate, sharp, precise and powerful, and the latter is the content of the clear talk. It can be seen from this that Wang Meng treats the content and form of "Qing Talk" side by side.

In "Qing Talk", the atmosphere is generally very casual, and when excited, it is often assisted by gestures, body swings, and even dancing and inducing; when it comes to drunkenness, there are no scruples, and there are also foul words.

There are also sophists in "Qing Tan". Of course, a sophist needs to have quick thinking and eloquent eloquence. Wang Gouzi and Xu Xun debated, Wang Gouzi could not win, and on the contrary, "Xu Fu ruled Wang Li, Wang ruled Xu Li", Wang Gouzi still lost. It can be seen how clever Xu Xun's sophistry is.