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Chapter 145

Zhang Jiashi does not want empty talk and misleading people to dominate the court, if he really needs to choose, he hopes to be like Meng Weijun, and the wise men under his command may not be like Chen Ping and Zhang Liang and other wise and resourceful people, but they must have a skill or quick wit like the generation of chickens and dogs. Please search (product @ book ¥ net) to see the most complete!

However, compared with empty talk about misleading the country, Wang Yan, Ji Kang and others may not understand the world in this regard or talk in generalities, but only rely on their own preferences as the standard of action, such as the Donglin Party regional "spokesperson" seems to have a greater impact on a country.

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There is a view in later generations that it was the Ming Dynasty who died in Donglin.

The Donglin Party gradually emerged during the Ming Dynasty, and gradually developed into a large party that dominated the government and the opposition due to changes in some aspects.

But the main factor in these changes is partisanship.

The Donglin Party Controversy generally points out the struggle between the Donglin Party and its blood and bones, the Fushe, and the Eunuch Party, the Zhejiang Party, the Qi Party, the Chu Party, the Kun Party, and the Xuan Party. Since the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the government has become increasingly corrupt, with many parties and party disputes. Among these parties, the Zhejiang Party was the first to have a relatively large influence, and the leaders of the Zhejiang Party, Shen Yiyi and Fang Congzhe, successively served as the first assistant to the cabinet and were in power in the DPRK. Later, after the three cases of "Strike", "Red Pill", and "Moving the Palace", Guangzong Zhu Changluo ascended the throne, and the Donglin Party was powerful because of its meritorious support. The Zhejiang Party was defeated and turned to the eunuch head Wei Zhongxian.

"Those who speak and do things are better to govern at their discretion, and the day of governance and the pillars of the branches, the fire and water are thin, and they will die in the future. "The Donglin Party was a political group dominated by Jiangnan scholars in the late Ming Dynasty. In addition to the Donglin Party, there are also the Zhejiang Party, the Qi Party, the Chu Party, the Kun Party, the Xuan Party, etc., and the Donglin Party is almost a dispute between the Donglin Party and the national friend group. The period when the Donglin Party gained power was the period of Emperor Chongzhen at the end of the Ming Dynasty, and after Emperor Chongzhen ascended the throne, he vigorously pursued the eunuch party and appointed the Donglin party.

The Donglin Party has a very strong moral standard, they can find out the problems of society, but they have never found a solution, so the American scholar He Kai's evaluation of the Donglin Party is "They are a crusader to reorganize morality, but they are not a group of scholars and doctors who reform politics." ”

From the dispute over the national capital in the Wanli era, the three cases at the end of the Ming Dynasty, and the dispute between Beijing and Chacha, there is the shadow of the Donglin party dispute. In the thirty-second year of Wanli (1604), Gu Xiancheng, the official of the Ministry of Lang, was dismissed because he offended the emperor, he and Gao Panlong, Qian Yiyi, etc. gave lectures in his hometown of Wuxi Donglin Academy, "after the lecture, he often satirized the government and decided the figures", and often talked about the gains and losses of the government with the people of the Donglin Academy, and they gradually formed an opposition group, known as the "Donglin Party", "The History of the Ming Dynasty" Sun Piyang Biography said: "The North and South Yanguan attacked Li Sancai, Wang Yuanhan, and even lived in Gu Xiancheng, called the 'Donglin Party'. ”

Their views on opening up the way of speech and reforming current politics were widely supported, but at the same time met with fierce opposition from courtiers and eunuchs.

At the same time, Shen, a native of Ningbo, Zhejiang, always gathered Zhejiang bureaucrats in Beijing to form an opposition faction of the Donglin Party, which was called the "Zhejiang Party"; the Chu Party, which was dominated by Guan Yingzhen and Wu Liangsi, and the Qi Party in Shandong, were all attached to the Zhejiang Party, and were collectively called the "Qi, Chu, and Zhejiang Parties." Other parties formed by geographical relations included the Xuan Party and the Kun Party. The Xuan Party, the Kun Party, the Chu Party, the Qi Party, the Zhejiang Party, and the Donglin Party attacked each other, and the "Donglin Party Struggle" lasted for decades, and there was almost no peace. The synopsis of "Wang Xue's Questioning" says: "The death of Fu Ming is the death of the portal, the portal begins with the friends, and the friends begin with lectures." ”

Xia Yunyi's "Surviving Record" said in the "Portal Sketch": "Since Wanli before, there has been no party name, and the four Ming are the prime ministers, and they promise themselves to be talented, not to be subordinate, and for a while, sages such as Gu Xiancheng, Sun Piyang, Zou Yuanbiao, Zhao Nanxing and the like, are conceited and hold each other. Those who attach the four wisdoms also have people who speak and walk.

And Xiancheng lectured in Donglin, celebrities and celebrities were happy to tending to it, and this Donglin and Zhejiang Party were also white. ”

"Hongguang Dynasty Puppet East Palace Puppet Empress and Party Disaster Chronicle" also contains: "The party disaster began in Wanli, Zhejiang Shen has always been the prime minister, arbitrarily powered, and more private people on the road; And Gao and Gu lectured in Donglin, and celebrities were attached to it, and this Donglin party disaster was also from the beginning. ”

Shen has always been a famous figure in the rise of the Donglin Party, although he is not Donglin, but because of some of his deeds, it eventually led to the intensification of the Donglin Party dispute.

Because Mingshenzong has not been able to confirm the candidate for the crown prince for a long time, there have been endless disputes about the establishment of the prince for more than ten years. Until the emperor's eldest son reached the age of eighteen and reached the age of the wedding crown, Shen Yishu, who was a cabinet scholar at the time, received immediate results. Shen Shu "had many sons and many grandchildren" and persuaded Mingshenzong to establish a prince as soon as possible, and Shenzong then decreed that he would make a crown prince ceremony and set up his eldest son Zhu Changluo as the prince.

Because of this, Concubine Zheng fell out with Mingshenzong, which made Mingshenzong shake, and under the pretext of "unprepared ceremony", she wanted to reschedule the crown prince. At this time, Shen was about to return the edict of the Mingshen Sect, and resolutely disagreed with the rescheduling of the canonization. Mingshenzong then made up his mind and officially canonized Zhu Changluo as the crown prince on October 15, and named Zhu Changxun as the blessed king.

During the Ming Dynasty, the party struggles were fierce, and the famous and powerful big parties included the Eunuch Party, the Zhejiang Party and the Donglin Party, and Shen was always the leader of the Zhejiang Party.

In the twenty-seventh year of Wanli, Jihai Jingcha, Li Dai, who was the chief accountant of the Northern Cha and was the secretary of the Ministry at the time, vigorously attacked political opponents under the instructions of Shen.

In the thirty-second year of Wanli, Gu Xiancheng, the official Lang, was angry with Emperor Wanli and was dismissed, so he and Gao Panlong, Qian Yiyi and other scholars gave lectures in Donglin Academy in his hometown of Wuxi, and often commented on the praise and depreciation of the government and formed a political force, known as the "Donglin Party". At the same time, there is a group of eunuchs, whose eyes are all over the government and the opposition, and they are known as the "eunuch party". At the same time, Shen had always been in power, so he entangled with the Zhejiang bureaucrats in Beijing to form the "Zhejiang Party", which competed with the Donglin Party and sang peace with the Eunuch Party. From time to time, there were small factions, one was the "Chu Party" with Guan Yingzhen and Wu Liangsi as the leading figures, and the other was the "Qi Party" which was mainly composed of Shandong bureaucrats, and the Chu Party and the Qi Party were often attached to the Zhejiang Party, and were collectively called the "Qi Chu and Zhejiang Party". There are also the "Xuan Party" and the "Kun Party" formed by the same geographical relationship. The various parties attacked each other, calculated and harmed each other, and refused to give in to each other, with the result that the party struggle lasted for decades and the government and the opposition were not at peace.

In the thirty-third year of Wanli, the party struggle ended with Shen's comprehensive victory.

In the thirty-fourth year of Wanli, Chen Liangxun and Sun Juxiang, the ministers of Nanjing, once again impeached Shen Zheng. It is called the "Jingcha dispute" After Shen resigned, the party struggle continued to stop, and the Jingcha incident was troubled again and again.

In the forty-fifth year of Wanli, Zhejiang Party officials were in charge of Jingcha and vigorously attacked and framed Donglin Party members.

In the forty-eighth year of Wanli, the palace transfer case broke out, and Donglin Party members Yang Lian and Zuo Guangdou were reactivated because of their "meritorious service".

In the third year of the Apocalypse, when the Donglin Party officials presided over the Beijing Chacha, they vigorously counterattacked and expelled the Qichu and Zhejiang Party members.

The Zhejiang Party was formed and developed in the process of Shen always being under the restraint of Shen Zheng, excluding dissidents, and pervading private individuals. The gradual formation of the Zhejiang Party and the expansion of its power and Shen's consistent rise in the imperial court were closely related to the national political events of the Wanli Dynasty, and the influence of the Zhejiang Party on the political situation in the late Wanli period was far-reaching. The Zhejiang Party was the earliest party formed by the friends in the late Ming Dynasty, and the Zhejiang Party maintained a fairly strong power in the period when Shen was the head of the cabinet, and it controlled the major affairs of the government at that time, so that the court only had the rights and wrongs of the Zhejiang Party and had no axiomatic rights and wrongs.

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On the road to the rise of the Donglin Party, it once encountered a strong blow from the eunuch party headed by Wei Zhongxian.

In the fourth year of the Apocalypse, Fu Mukui befriended Wei Zhongxian's nephew Fu Yingxing as a brother, falsely accused Shu Wang Yan, and connected Zuo Guangdou and Wei Da. Wang Yan was thrown into the Zhenfusi Prison and will be charged with trumped-up charges. Liu Qiao, who was in charge of the Zhenfu Division, accepted Ye Xianggao's teaching and did not convict Wang Yan. Wei Zhongxian was furious, removed Liu Qiao from his post, and replaced him with a private Xu Xianchun. At this time, the imperial history Li Yingsheng gave advice on the matter of internal exercises, and gave Huo Shoudian advice because Wei Zhongxian begged for a plaque in the ancestral hall, and Liu Tingzuo of the imperial history gave advice to Wei Zhongxian's indiscriminate use of shade, and Shen Weibing gave advice to Shen Weibing with shackles, and Wei Zhongxian reprimanded him for falsely transmitting the holy decree. So Yang Lian, the deputy capital of Yushi, was very angry and impeached Wei Zhongxian for the twenty-four major crimes. After the submission, Wei Zhongxian was frightened and asked Han Huoguang for mediation. Han Huoguang didn't agree, so he ran to Xizong to cry and resigned from the East Factory. And the Hakka family explained to him from the side, and Wang Tiqian and others also protected him together. Xizong was confused about the truth, so he comforted him gently, and the next day he called back Yang Lian's recital and reprimanded him bitterly. Yang Lian was reprimanded, and more than 70 people, including Wei Da and Chen Liangxun and Xu Yuqing, Zhu Guobi, Marquis of Funing, Chen Daoheng, Shangshu of the Nanjing Military Department, and Yue Yuansheng, the waiter, played Wei Zhongxian's illegal deeds one after another. Ye asked Weng Zhengchun, the secretary of the Ministry of Rites, to send Wei Zhongxian back to his private residence to quell public accusations. Xizong did not allow it.

At that time, Wei Zhongxian was very angry and wanted to kill all the dissidents. Gu Bingqian secretly recorded the people Wei Zhongxian hated and handed them to him, asking him to denigrate them one by one. Wang Tiqian also proposed to use the court staff to threaten the courtiers. Soon, Lang Wan Huojingshu of the Ministry of Works accused Wei Zhongxian and was immediately killed by the cane. Wei Zhongxian insulted Ye Xianggao on the pretext of the imperial history Lin Ruzhuo, Ye Xianggao resigned because of this, and Lin Ruzhuo was also beaten with a cane, and the courtiers were very afraid. For a time, those who were reprimanded were Zhao Nanxing, the secretary of the ministry, Gao Panlong, the imperial history of Zuodu, Chen Yuting, the servant of the ministry, and dozens of people before and after Yang Lian, Zuo Guangdou, and Wei Da. Later, he expelled Han Huoguang and Li Banghua, a squire of the military department.

The righteous man left the court like shaking the leaves of a dead tree. Wei Zhongxian then falsely preached the holy decree and used the old example to transfer the Taoist officials. With Zhu Tongmeng and Guo Yunhou as the servants of Shaoqing, Lu Pengyun and Sun Jie as the Dali Temple, Huo Weihua and Guo Xingzhi were restored as the matter, Xu Jinglian, Jia Jichun, and Yang Weiyuan were the imperial history, and Xu Zhaokui, Wang Shaohui, Qiao Yingjia, Xu Shaoji, Ruan Dacheng, Chen Eryi, Zhang Yangsu, Li Yingjian, Li Song, Yang Chunmao and others were used as his minions. Soon, Cui Chengxiu, who was to be sent off, was appointed as the imperial history. Cui Chengxiu then fabricated "Tianjian Lu", "Comrade Lu", etc., and Wang Shaohui also fabricated "Point General Lu", all of which were headed by Zou Yuanbiao, Gu Xiancheng, Ye Xianggao, Liu Yihuojing, etc., and all the people who were not attached to Wei Zhongxian were included, and they were pointed out as Donglin Party members and dedicated to Wei Zhongxian, Wei Zhongxian was very happy, so these villains flattered Wei Zhongxian even more, and joined hands to attack the Donglin Party.

At the beginning, the courtiers debated the three cases and the Jingcha and Xiong Tingbi cases in Xinhai and Guihai in the past two years, and Wei Zhongxian did not participate. His party members wanted to use Wei Zhongxian's power to squeeze out those upright people, so they successively joined Wei Zhongxian, claiming to be their righteous son, and said: "The Donglin Party will want to harm your old man." Therefore, Wei Zhongxian also wanted to be happy. Yushi Zhang Ne, Ni Huan, Li Lusheng, and Cao Qincheng, the director of the Ministry of Industry, competed to retaliate against good people, and Yushi Liang Menghuan revived Wang Yan's case and tortured him to death in the Zhenfu Division. Xu Xianchun compiled the confessions of the prisoners, and the words were connected to more than 20 people, including Zhao Nanxing and Yang Lian, so that they were either removed from their posts or sent off. He also arrested Yang Lian, Zuo Guangdou, Wei Da, Zhou Chaorui, Yuan Hua, Gu Dazhang and other six people, implicated them in the Xiong Tingbi case, threw them into prison, and tortured them to death. He also killed Xiong Tingbi, beat his in-law Wu Yucane to death, and removed more than 50 people, including Shangshu Li Zongyan, Zhang Wenda, and Shilang Gongnai, from their posts, and the court was empty. And specially summoned Qi Shijiao, Liu Shuzu and others as the imperial history.

Anyone who has a personal relationship with Wei Zhongxian has to be promoted, so Wei Zhongxian's henchmen are all over the government and the opposition.

At that time, all the internal and external power belonged to Wei Zhongxian, and in addition to Wang Tiqian and others, there were more than 30 eunuchs, including Li Chaoqing, Wang Chaofu, Sun Jin, Wang Guotai, and Liang Dong, who supported them left and right. The foreign courtiers were Cui Chengxiu, Tian Ji, Wu Chunfu, Li Kuilong, and Ni Huan, who were the main conspirators, and were called the "Five Tigers"; the military ministers were Tian Ergeng, Xu Xianchun, Sun Yunhe, Yang Huan, and Cui Yingyuan, who were the main culminators, and were called the "Five Biao." There are also Zhou Yingqiu, the secretary of the ministry, Cao Qincheng, the Shaoqing of the Taifu Temple, and others, known as the "Ten Dogs". There are also names such as "ten children" and "forty grandchildren". And there are countless people who are under Cui Chengxiu's gang. From the cabinet and the six ministries to the governors and governors of the Quartet, they are all full of his dead friends. He hated Empress Zhang in his heart, and in the autumn of this year, he falsely accused Empress Zhang's father Zhang Guoji of committing a slave offense, and then falsely passed on the palace decree in an attempt to shake Empress Zhang. Wei Zhongxian was not satisfied, and sent Liu Zhixuan, the Cheng of Shuntianfu, and Liang Menghuan, the imperial historian, to expose Zhang Guoji's crimes in turn, and said that the queen was not Zhang Guoji's daughter. It happened that Wang Tiqian was dissuaded by dangerous words, and Wei Zhongxian was just that.

In the winter of the sixth year of the Apocalypse, the three halls were completed. Li Yongzhen and Zhou Yingqiu played Wei Zhongxian's exploits, and Xizong then made Wei Zhongxian a duke, and he was given the third class. Wei Liangqing had been promoted to the Marquis of Suning at that time, and at this time he was promoted to the Duke of Suning, and Shilu was issued according to the official regulations of the Wei State, and then the commander of the Yin Jinyi Guard was one person and one person was also known. Xue Fengxiang, the secretary of the Ministry of Works, gave Wei Zhongxian a mansion. Soon the eunuch Tao played the Xifeng Pass to be built, the supervisor Wang Zhichen played the construction of Shanhaiguan City, the criminal department Shangshu Xue Zhen played the robbery of the Wang's brocade prison case, the construction of the filial piety tomb in Nanjing was completed, Ganzhen played the victory, and Zhang Yongzuo of the Fan Education Department captured the thieves, they all said that it was due to Wei Zhongxian's planning and strategy. Wei Zhongxian played the credit for the arrest for three years, and Xizong issued an edict to praise him. For half a year, Wei Zhongxian was sheltered by four Jinyi Guards, three Tongzhi, and one servant. He also gave his nephew Ximeng hereditary Jinyi Wei Tongzhi, nephews Fu Zhicong and Feng Jixian as governors, and promoted Cui Chengxiu's younger brother Cui Ningxiu to the deputy chief soldier of Jizhen. Famous utensils have been abused by usurped people, and they have reached the extreme. All his comrades sat in Ji, Liao, as well as Shanxi Xuanfu and Datong. The general soldier Liang Zhuchao, Yang Guodong and others have dedicated famous horses and treasures to him every year, and they have never stopped.

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