readx;?? In the Records of the Confucian Confucianism, it can be said that the path of Confucian development and the prerequisites that eventually became the basis for the established education and statecraft of the subsequent dynasties of China. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 info¤八¤八¤Read¤Book,.☆.←o

As for the latter description, we can see the environment and core personnel of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty who "deposed the hundred schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone" from the content of "Historical Records: The Biography of Confucianism".

"Historical Records: The Biography of Confucianism":

At the beginning of this year, he ascended the throne and reinstated his virtue. The Confucianism has many diseases and destroys the solid, and it is said that "the old man is solid", and he returns to it. Shi Gu is more than 90 years old. The sign of solidity, the grandson of Xue Rengongsun Hong, also signs, looks sideways and looks at solid. Gu said: "Gongsun Tzu, Wu Zheng learns to speak, and no song learns to be a world!" All Qi people are noble with poetry, and they are all solid disciples.

Han Sheng, Yan people also. Emperor Xiaowen was a doctor, and Emperor Jing was the prince of Changshan. Han Sheng pushed the meaning of the poem and spread tens of thousands of words inside and outside, and his language is quite different from Qilu, but it is also one. Huainan Bensheng received it. Since then, Yan Zhao has spoken poets by Han Sheng. Han Sheng, Sun Shang, is Dr. Imagami.

Those who live in Jinan are also from Jinan. Hence Dr. Qin. When Emperor Xiaowen was in power, he wanted to be able to govern the scholars, but there was nothing in the world, but he heard that Fusheng could be cured, and he wanted to summon him. When Fu was born more than 90 years old, he was old and couldn't do it, so he often made the palm go wrong and accept it. Qin burned books, and hid them on the wall. After that, the army rose up, exiled, Han Ding, Fu Sheng begged for his book, died dozens of articles, and obtained 29 articles, that is, to teach between Qi and Lu. Scholars are quite able to speak of Shangshu, and all Shandong masters are involved in Shangshu to teach.

Fu Sheng taught Jinan Zhang Sheng and Ouyang Sheng, and Ouyang Sheng taught Qiancheng Erkuan. Er Kuan is both well-versed in books, and should be promoted by the county in literature, and he is employed by Dr. Yi and Kong Anguo. The children are poor and have no resources, and they often support their disciples, and they rent them in time to provide food and clothing. The practice is always with the scriptures, and the rest is recited and learned. For the first time, I made up the history of the court. At that time, Zhang Tang Fang Xiangxue, thinking that he was playing a good game, and used the ancient law to discuss the doubtful prison, and he loved Xingkuan. He is a gentle, incorruptible, self-reliant, and good at writing books and books, and is sensitive to literature, and his mouth cannot invent. The soup is regarded as an elder, and several praise it. And Tang is the imperial doctor, with Erkuan as Peng, and recommended as the son of heaven. The Son of Heaven asked and said. Six years after Zhang Tang's death, his son was promoted to the imperial doctor. Nine years and an official pawn. Wide in the three public positions, with a good intention to calmly for a long time, but there is no advice; in the official, the official is easy, not to do his best. Mr. Zhang is also a Ph.D. student. And Fu Sheng's grandson is still a sign of governance, and he can't be clear.

Since then, Lu Zhouba, Kong Anguo, and Luoyang Jia Jia have been quite able to talk about Shangshu. Kong has ancient texts, and An Guo reads them in modern texts, because he started his family. There are more than ten Yishu articles, and there are more than 10 books.

The scholars are more polite, and Lu Gaotang is the most original. Etiquette from Confucius sometimes and its scriptures are not available, and to the Qin burning of books, the book is scattered and more than more, in the present unique scholar ceremony, Gao Tang students can speak.

And Lu Xu is good. During the time of Emperor Xiaowen, Xu Sheng took Rong as a ceremonial official doctor. Passed on to Sun Yan and Xu Xiang. Xiang, its natural posture is good, can not pass the scriptures; Xiang Yirong is the official doctor of the Han Dynasty, to the internal history of Guangling. Extended to the Xu family's disciples, the public household satisfaction, Huan Sheng, and a single time, all tasted as Han Li official doctors. And Xiao Fen of the flawed hill is too guarded by Huaiyang. It is the one who can speak and be polite, by Xu Shiyan.

Since Lu Shang Qu received Yi Confucius, Confucius died, Shang Qu passed on Yi, the sixth to Qi people Tian He, Zi Zhuang, and Han Xing. Tian He passed on the Dongwu people Wang Tong Zizhong, and Zizhong passed on the Yang He of Jiangchuan. He Yiyi, the first year of Yuanguang, the official to the middle doctor. Qi people are inked into easy to the city and yang. Meng Danyi, a native of Guangchuan, is the doctor of the prince's gate. Lu people Zhou Ba, Ju people Henghu, Linjiang people master father Yan, all to Yi to 2,000 stones. However, those who want to say it are from Yang He's house.

Dong Zhongshu, a native of Guangchuan. In order to govern the Spring and Autumn Period, Xiaojing was a doctor. Under the curtain to recite, the disciples passed on to a long time to receive karma, or do not see their faces, cover three years Dong Zhongshu does not look at the garden, its essence is so. Advance and retreat are tolerated, indecent is not okay, and all bachelors are respected by teachers. Now he is on the throne and is the prime minister of the river. With the change of spring and autumn disasters to push the yin and yang, so the wrong line, so ask for the rain to close the yang, longitudinal yin, and the rain is the opposite. If you go to a country, you can't do what you want. The waste is a doctor, a house, and a record of disasters. At that time, the high temple disaster in Liaodong, the main father was sick, and the son of heaven who took his book to play. The Son of Heaven summoned all beings to show his book, and there was a thorn in it. Dong Zhongshu's disciple Lu Bushu didn't know his teacher's book and thought he was stupid. So he ordered Dong Zhongshu to die, and he was pardoned. So Dong Zhongshu didn't dare to say anything about the disaster.

Dong Zhongshu is honest and honest. It is the time to go out and fight the four Yi, Gongsun Hongzhi is not as good as Dong Zhongshu in the Spring and Autumn Period, and Hongxi is in the world, and he is the minister. Dong Zhongshu takes Hong as his obedience. Hongzhi said: "Du Dong Zhongshu can make the king of Xiang Miaoxi." "King Jiaoxi has heard that Dong Zhongshu has done something, and he also treats him well. Dong Zhongshu is afraid that he will be convicted for a long time and will be spared at home. When he died, he eventually lost his industry, and he took learning to write books. Therefore, between the five generations of Han Xing, only Dong Zhongshu's name was Ming in the Spring and Autumn Period, and his Ram clan was also.

Hu Wusheng, Qi people also. Xiao Jingshi is a doctor, and he is a professor of Lao Gui. Qi Zhiyan was mostly affected by Hu Wusheng in the Spring and Autumn Period, and Gongsun Hong was also quite affected.

The flawed Qiu River was born as the spring and autumn period of Guliang. Since Gongsun Hong has to use, taste the collection than its righteousness, and use Dong Zhongshu.

Zhongshu's disciples: Lanling Chu Da, Guangchuan Yin Zhong, Wen Lu Bushu. Chu Da to Liang Xiang. Bu Shu to the long history, holding the festival to make the Huainan Prison, in the princes arbitrary, do not report, with the righteousness of the Spring and Autumn Period, the Son of Heaven thinks it is. Those who are disciples are the doctors, and the number of those who are the lang, the confessors, and the deceased are hundreds. And Dong Zhongshu's son and grandson are all learned to become big officials.

The decline of Kong's family, the scriptures are chaotic. The six learnings of the words began with the Yan Han. Decree the establishment of officials, the four sides of the partridge wrist. The curved platform is a bad wall, the crown of the book ceremony. Spread the poems of Yiyan, and the clouds and fog dispersed. Xinghua Zhili, Hongyou Kezan.

......

Judging from this part of the content, the Confucianism respected by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is mainly summarized as a line of Confucianism inherited from the "Legend of the Ram in the Spring and Autumn Period".

The main representative of this vein is Dong Zhongshu.

However, during this period, the inheritance school of "The Legend of the Spring and Autumn Valley Liang" also developed to a certain extent. It can be said that before Dong Zhongshu's death, the Confucian school of "The Biography of Liang in the Spring and Autumn Valley" recommended by Gongsun Hong had actually developed to a certain extent.

There is a very important hint in the "Historical Records: The Biography of Confucianism", that is, the line of Confucius, which considers itself Confucian orthodoxy, has not been reused.

This point is not only because of the point described in the historical records, Kong's classic quotation at that time was quite disordered, but also in the early Han Dynasty, Kong's lineage admired Xiang Yu, the Duke of Lu, and "stubbornly resisted" Liu Bang's army had a lot to do with it.

Before this event, Confucius's position in the Han Dynasty was in fact unimportant.

And this one thing is:

In the middle of the Western Han Dynasty, natural disasters occurred frequently and social turmoil occurred. According to the Confucian scholar Mei Fu, this was due to the failure to properly arrange the sacrifice to Confucius, so the heavens became angry. The state power at that time accepted Mei Fu's proposal and named Confucius as a descendant of Shang Tang, continuing the sacrifice of the previous king.

It was not until the Eastern Han Dynasty that the state officially regarded Confucius as the public god of the country, and its status was the same as that of the god of Sheji. In the Tang Dynasty, every county was ordered to build a temple to worship Confucius. There are two major festivals in spring and autumn every year, and two small festivals on the first and fifteenth days of each month. The great festival was first presided over by a scholar and later by a magistrate. After the Tang Dynasty, the status of Confucius continued to improve, and the titles of Confucius also increased. In the Qing Dynasty, the Confucius sacrifice once became a "great ritual" at the same level as God and the country's ancestral gods. In addition to Lao Tzu, this kind of honor is only Confucius in the ages.

After Confucius became the god of the country, the religious status of Confucianism also increased accordingly. The Tang Dynasty established a system for Confucius to enjoy sacrifices, that is, to accompany and enjoy sacrifices (such as the four true people of Taoism). The first to be selected to accompany Confucius were 22 Confucians who had made significant contributions to the commentary on the Confucian classics, which was later expanded to include all of Confucius's disciples and famous Confucian scholars throughout the ages. In the Song Dynasty, the ritual system gradually became complete. There are four of the tallest, known as the "four matches", they are Yan Hui, Zeng Shen, Zisi and Meng Ke. This is followed by the "Ten Philosophers", ten outstanding disciples of Confucius. "Virtue: Yan Yuan, Min Ziqian, Ran Boniu, Zhong Gong. Words: Kill me, Zigong. Political affairs: Ran You, Ji Lu. Literature: Zi You, Zi Xia. Again, it is the "sages", who worship the disciples who have personally received the teachings of Confucius. Finally, there is the "first Confucianism", which worships the best Confucian scholars of all dynasties after the disciples of Confucius. Later Confucianists also regarded it as the highest honor to be able to enter the Confucian Temple after death and become a Confucian.

In terms of the fact that among the four major Confucian temples in China, the earliest Confucius Temple in Nanjing (the Confucian Temple was mostly renovated in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and has no comparative value), the large-scale sacrifice of Confucius was earlier than the construction time of the Confucius Temple in Nanjing, and later than the period when Emperor Yuan of the Han Dynasty officially resumed the worship of Confucius.

Nanjing Confucius Temple, namely Nanjing Confucius Temple, Nanjing Confucian Temple, is located in Qinhuai District, Nanjing City, Qinhuai River north bank of Gongyuan Street, west of Jiangnan Gongyuan, for the worship of Confucius, is the four major Confucian temples in China, for the ancient Chinese Jiangnan cultural hub place, Jinling history and humanities gathering place, is not only the Ming and Qing Dynasty Nanjing cultural center, but also the top of the southeast provinces of the cultural and educational buildings, is now an important part of the Confucius Temple Qinhuai scenery belt.

Confucius Temple is a group of large-scale ancient buildings, mainly composed of Confucius Temple, Xue Palace, Gongyuan three major buildings, covering a huge area. There are buildings such as Zhaobi, Panchi, archway, Juxing Pavilion, Kuixing Pavilion, Lingxing Gate, Dacheng Palace, Mingde Hall, Zunjing Pavilion and so on. Confucius Temple, known as the Qinhuai Scenic Spot and the characteristic landscape area of the ancient capital of Nanjing, is the largest traditional ancient street market in China, and is one of the four major downtown areas in China, along with Shanghai City God Temple, Suzhou Xuanmiaoguan and Beijing Tianqiao.

Confucius Temple was built in the Eastern Jin Dynasty Emperor Sima Yan Xiankang three years (337 years), the first year of Song Jingyou (1034) rebuilt as a Confucian Temple, in the Six Dynasties to the Ming and Qing dynasties, the family gathered in the vicinity, so there is the "Six Dynasties Gold Powder" said. Fan Li, Zhou Yu, Wang Dao, Xie An, Li Bai, Du Mu, Wu Jingzi and hundreds of other famous military strategists, politicians, and writers have created immortal achievements here and written a chapter that has been recited through the ages.

The Qinhuai River is the ancient place of Nanjing's cultural origin, and the Qinhuai River is 4.2 kilometers long from Dongshuitou to Xishuiguan on both sides of the river, from the Six Dynasties is the place where the Wang people live, merchants gather, literati gather, Confucianism is prosperous, known as the "Six Dynasties Gold Powder" reputation.

Located in Nanjing, the Confucius Temple on the bank of the Qinhuai River was built in the Eastern Jin Dynasty Emperor Sima Yan Xiankang three years (337 years), according to Wang Dao's proposal to "govern the country to cultivate talents as the priority", Litai studied on the south bank of the Qinhuai River. At that time, there was only a school palace, and no Confucian temple was built.

The Confucian Temple was expanded in the first year of Song Renzong Jingyou (1034) on the Eastern Jin Dynasty School Palace. Because it is Confucius who is worshipped, it is also called Confucius Temple. The purpose of building a Confucian temple in front of the school palace was to hope that the scholars would follow the way of the sages and sages and accept feudal education.

From the Six Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the prosperous scene and unique style of Qinhuai in ten miles have been praised by the literati of all dynasties. Confucius Temple is located on the north bank of the Qinhuai River, was originally a place to worship Confucius, was built in the first year of Jingyou in the Song Dynasty (1034), is the expansion of the old site of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Xue Palace.

It was burned down by fire during the Jianyan period of the Southern Song Dynasty.

In the ninth year of Shaoxing (1139), it was rebuilt again, called Jiankang Fuxue.

The Yuan Dynasty was changed to Jiqing Luxue.

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, it was Guozi Xue, and the Shangyuan and Jiangning county schools were merged, and then it was Yingtianfu School.

In the Qing Dynasty, the school was moved to the former site of the Ming Guozijian in the north of the city, and it became the county school of Jiangning and Shangyuan counties.

At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the school moved to the former Guozijian, and the original place of the Confucius Temple was changed to the county school of Shangyuan and Jiangning counties.

It was destroyed again by fire during the Xianfeng period, and was rebuilt in the eighth year of Tongzhi (1869).

In 1937, it was burned down by the Japanese army during the Anti-Japanese War and was seriously damaged.

As for the Confucius Temple in Nanjing, the most famous cultural development is not in the Confucian Temple culture itself, but in the famous Jinling Lantern Festival.

Qinhuai Lantern Festival, also known as "Jinling Lantern Festival", is a folk cultural activity spread in Nanjing area in history, mainly concentrated in the Spring Festival to the Lantern Festival held during the Spring Festival to the Lantern Festival every year, is the most famous lantern festival in China and the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage, has the reputation of "the world's first lantern festival" and "Qinhuai lantern color armor in the world", is the only large-scale comprehensive lantern festival in China that integrates lantern exhibitions, lantern festivals and lantern markets.

The Qinhuai Lantern Festival has a long history, as early as the Southern Dynasties, the national capital Jiankang (Nanjing) appeared to hold the custom of holding the traditional Lantern Festival, its grand occasion is the highest in the country, and it is the earliest lantern festival in China. After the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the painting boat (commonly known as the "lightboat") hanging lanterns on the Qinhuai River also became famous all over the world.

The historical Qinhuai Lantern Festival is mainly distributed in the Qinhuai River Basin of Nanjing, mainly concentrated in the Confucius Temple area after the 20th century, and has now expanded to the east side of the "Ten Miles of Qinhuai" five miles of the area, the core area includes Confucius Temple, Zhan Garden, Bailuzhou Park, Wu Jingzi's former residence, Jiangnan Gongyuan, Zhonghua Gate, Laomen East, Dabao'en Temple Ruins Park and Zhonghua Road, Pingjiangfu Road, Zhanyuan Road, Pipa Road.

The Qinhuai Lantern Festival creates a beautiful artistic conception of "ten thousand stars rotten in the sky, and the crowd in the wide court" through various forms such as lanterns, lanterns, etc., and entrusts the good wishes and life pursuits of the people. Other folk culture and art categories such as Nanjing paper-cutting, bamboo, knotting, carving, shadow puppetry, animal dance, Yangge, and stilt walking have also developed rapidly, which in turn has had a positive impact on folk culture and folk activities in other parts of China.

As an important folk cultural activity, it is an important space for the people of Nanjing to continue and inherit the folk culture, and it has become an important part of Nanjing culture for a long time. Nanjing's local and foreign culture and art run through the lantern festival, constituting its artistic connotation. [To be continued.] ]