readx;?? Gotl was the leader of a small tribe of the Huns, and as the leader of such a small tribe, the most important thing was to find a relatively reliable large tribe and accept the protection of the other party. Pen Fun Pavilion www.biquge.info6八6八6 read 6 books,.□.≠o

Gortle knew that he and his tribe would probably lose a lot if he did so, but for him, as long as his tribe could survive, such a price was not unacceptable.

And the most important point is that although the Xiongnu is a tribal alliance, if a small tribe like him does not have a strong tribe to protect it, maybe one day, it will be swallowed up by some other stronger tribes.

It can be said that this is caused by a pattern of natural selection and survival of the fittest on the grassland.

Not only Gotl, but also thousands of small tribes in the entire Xiongnu all rely on such rules to continue the inheritance.

At this time, he was wearing a standard leather armor and equipment of the Great Qin Emperor's ** team, disguised as a hundred generals, commanding the riders in his tribe and the Qin slaves who were coerced by them to disguise themselves as grain transport team people, waiting for the opening of the east gate of Cloud City.

In this operation, Gotel mainly accepted the assignment of the leader of the Aries tribe and asked him to lead people to control the east gate of Yunzhong County, and the tribal leader of the Aries tribe would quickly rush to Cloud City after the city gate was controlled by them, and then kill into Cloud City while the city gate was not closed.

What Gortle didn't know was that the leader of the Aries tribe, a large tribe that sheltered him, promised him, the leader of the small tribe, the benefits after capturing Cloud City, in fact, less than one-tenth of the benefits that Mao Dunshan promised the Aries tribe after capturing Cloud County.

If it weren't for the fact that the leader of the Aries tribe knew the difficulty of attacking Cloudsdale City, and it was likely that seizing the city gate would pay a heavy price, the leader of the Aries tribe would not even share such a benefit for Gotl and his small tribe.

The leader of the Aries tribe is in a dense forest in the distance, reporting back and forth from a team of scouts to find out whether Gottel's operation has been successful.

Although he is not optimistic that Gotel will succeed in this regard, he also vaguely hopes in his heart that Gottel's actions will succeed.

Although this idea is quite contradictory, there is no doubt that the existence of Gotlor at this time has become whether the Aries tribe can develop and grow again, or even become a large tribe in the Xiongnu tribal system.

Maudun's promise to the leader of the Aries tribe was that if the Aries tribe could capture Cloud City, then the two hundred miles of land centered on Cloud City would become the inherent pasture of the Aries tribe.

The area around Cloudsdale is not too suitable for development as a pasture, but if the Aries Department moves to this place, it will definitely have a great advantage for its development.

Although the Huns have long been accustomed to living in pursuit of water and grass, it does not mean that the Huns do not intend to settle in a more suitable place.

This can be said to be premised on the existence of corresponding conditions.

As far as Zhang Jiashi is concerned, not to mention anything else, the Yanzhi Mountain and the Qilian Mountain alone are areas that are likely to have become inhabited and controlled by the inherent forces of the Xiongnu.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period and the Qin and Han Dynasties, Yanzhi Mountain was a natural grassland with lush water and grass, and the ancient nomadic peoples Di, Qiang, Yueshi, Xiongnu, etc. had successively multiplied here, and it was also an important production area for the red and blue flowers of the ancient nomadic women to rub rouge. It is rumored that at that time, the wives and concubines of the Xiongnu vassal kings were mostly selected from the beauties in this area, and the Xiongnu language called the wives of the vassal kings "Yanshi", and "Yanzhi" or "Rouge" was the homonym of its Chinese translation, so Yanzhi Mountain got its name.

In the spring of 121 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered the hussar general Huo Qubing and the cavalry Marquis Gongsun Ao to lead tens of thousands of cavalry to attack the Hexi region, launching the famous Second Battle of Hexi in history. In this battle, the Han army achieved a brilliant record of killing more than 32,000 Xiongnu and capturing 6,500 people at the cost of nearly three-tenths of its own losses. The power of the Xiongnu in the Hexi region was devastated, and it has been in decline ever since.

In this battle, the Huns suffered heavy losses, which angered the Huns at that time. And it caused great dissatisfaction among the nobles within the Xiongnu. Under the rage, Yi Zhiyi was angry with the Hun Hun Hutu King and the Hun Evil King stationed in the local area, trying to kill the two kings to vent their anger and transfer internal contradictions. On the one hand, the powerful military deterrence of the Western Han Dynasty, and on the other hand, the attempt of his boss to kill people and blame him. The Huns, who were in internal and external difficulties, chose to surrender to the Han Dynasty after repeated weighing.

In 120 B.C., the Hun Hutu King and the Hun Evil King were officially listed and surrendered to the Western Han Empire. This kind of major event in which the two princes of the Xiongnu led tens of thousands of troops to surrender to the Central Plains Dynasty has never happened before. In order to be safe, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who was suspicious, sent Huo Qu to lead the elite cavalry to surrender. As expected, King Hutu, one of the two kings, suddenly repented at the instigation of his subordinates and led his subordinates to mutiny. In the face of the crisis, Huo Qu, who was only nineteen years old, had unimaginable courage after his illness, and after the deployment was properly deployed, he only took a few personal soldiers and went to the Xiongnu camp alone to face the evil king Li Chen.

Huo Quzhi's calm and fearless momentum, as well as the prestige of tens of thousands of Han army iron cavalry behind him, greatly shocked the Huns. At the same time, it also stabilized the forces of the main peace faction led by the Evil King. Under the tremendous pressure of the Han army, the Hun Evil King beheaded the King of Hugh Tu and his mutinous subordinates. Subsequently, he led more than 40,000 people under his jurisdiction to officially surrender to the Western Han Empire.

Since then, the Xiongnu have lost two important spheres of influence, Yanzhi Mountain and Qilian Mountain.

And the Xiongnu sang a sad song for this: "The loss of my Qilian Mountain will make my six animals not rest; ”

And if you have to count some places, so is the Hetao Plain.

Before the Zhou Dynasty, the Xiongnu (whose ownership is disputed) who belonged to the Di people lived in the Hetao. During the Spring and Autumn Period, King Wuling of Zhao extended his territory to the Yinshan Mountains and established Yunzhong County, which is located in the eastern part of the Tumochuan Plain. After the Qin Dynasty unified the Central Plains, Paimeng Tian led an army of 100,000 to drive the Xiongnu out of the Hetao, migrated 30,000 households to the border there, and set up two counties of Yunzhong and Jiuyuan.

During the Western Han Dynasty, in 127 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Wei Qing out of the clouds to defeat the two kings of Lou Fu and Baiyang of the Xiongnu and occupy the "Hejian", that is, the Hetao. The minister's father, Yan Shangshu, suggested that a city be built in Hetao to raise fields and horses as a base for defense and attack on the Xiongnu. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty accepted this suggestion and placed Shuofang County and Wuyuan County that year.

In 125 BC, it was placed in Xihe County. The Hetao area also includes the former Yunzhong County and Dingxiang County, as well as the northern part of Beidi and Shangjun counties. At that time, people diverted the Yellow River for irrigation, and the local agriculture developed rapidly and the economy prospered.

In fact, the Xiongnu adopted a settlement control method for some inherent grazing areas, which can be regarded as a manifestation of living in pursuit of water and grass.

"Living in the same area" refers to a way of life that does not always live in the same area, but moves periodically or periodically. Nomadic life is not an unrestricted and directionless roaming, but a temporary center of an environmentally appropriate area. The stability of the centre is determined by the effectiveness of food supply and access techniques. Nomadism includes 3 types: hunter-gatherers, herders, artisans or hawkers.

To a large extent, the pastoral life of nomads is a kind of nomadic culture of "living in pursuit of water and grass". They are mainly horses, cattle, sheep, camels, donkeys, and many kinds of wild horses. In peacetime, he made a living by shooting birds and beasts, using a bow and arrows at a distance and a knife and collar [similar to a spear] at close range. Children can also "ride sheep and shoot birds and mice with bows, and shoot foxes and rabbits for food".

Everywhere they live, a large number of horses, cattle and sheep have to eat a lot of water and grass, and when they eat about the same, they must "migrate by water and grass", and even plunder others. Where the profit lies, I don't know the etiquette."

Hunting and gathering usually bring a certain degree of nomadic life to an ethnic group, but the shift of habitat can vary on a daily basis [as in the case of the Kalaharians], monthly, seasonal, or semi-annual. In places where resources are abundant and storage is convenient, the population is relatively stable.

Nomadic hunters and gatherers often form small groups that operate within a defined area, where they are familiar with water, plant orientation, and prey habitats. Nomadic herders, who live on domesticated livestock, migrate to fixed areas in search of pasture for their livestock. Most of the groups occupy central bases that have a fairly long season of use. Herders may be entirely dependent on their herds, or they may hunt or gather, engage in certain agriculture, and exchange grains and other goods with agricultural peoples.

Therefore, for the Xiongnu, there is a fixed pasture area, which is the foundation for whether a tribe can successfully rise and develop in the inheritance.

Obviously, for the Aries Department, the area around Cloud City is very suitable for this condition, so in the plan for this sneak attack on Cloud City, the leader of the Aries Department simply took over this task.

......

In addition, as one of the earliest known nomadic peoples, the Scythians also had a similar way of life to the Huns:

There is a theory that before the 9th century BC, the Scythians may have been mainly distributed east of the Altai Mountains. In the middle of the 8th century B.C., King Xuan of Zhou conquered the Lynx and Xirong, who oppressed the Scythians to go west to South Russia. Natural disasters, such as drought, may also be a reason for their westward migration. When the Scythians reached the Caucasus and the northern shore of the Black Sea, they drove the Cimians there to flee westward, and most of them settled. The other part continued to move westward to settle in the Danube Valley. There is also a section that tracks the Cimilian southward to Asia Minor and the northwestern Iranian plateau.

The Scythian state consisted of four tribes, each of which was divided into districts, the chiefs of which were responsible for adjudicating cases, collecting taxes, and paying tribute to foreign subjects. The succession of kings and chiefs at all levels is hereditary. The clans and tribes were the social basis of the Scythians, and in wartime they were combat units, and the tribes met at the royal court every spring. In wartime, the whole army was divided into three parts: the main force was composed of the guards of the noble chiefs, followed by the troops composed of the tribesmen who had participated in the war, and the other old and weak formed auxiliary troops. The Scythians took pride in killing more enemies and had the habit of using enemy skulls as drinking vessels. Weapons include battle axes, spears, bows and arrows, etc. Horseback archery is their specialty, so they are called "horse archers".

The Scythians were mostly nomadic, raising horses, cattle, sheep, and dogs. A small number are engaged in fishing and hunting. After entering South Russia, there were still some settled residents. The Scythians excelled in the manufacture of handmade art. The Scythian art style of the entire Eurasian steppe is relatively consistent, that is, through a variety of techniques such as forging, casting, inlay, engraving, etc., using gold, silver, copper and other materials to create vivid bas-relief animal shapes, the most common of which are lions, tigers, reindeer, horses, elk, carnivorous birds and other imaginary animals, collectively known as "animal patterns" or "beast patterns". Another characteristic of Scythian art is that it is often decorated with hooks, handles, ornaments, etc., on horse harnesses, weapons, clothing, and utensils, which become symbols of wealth.

Before their demise, the Scythians had already transitioned from a nomadic to an agrarian people:

In 512 BC, the Persian emperor Darius I attacked the Stecytes, he conquered Thrace, crossed the Danube with a pontoon bridge, and according to Herodotus, the Persian army moved north along the Volga. The Scythians did not organize a large-scale resistance, they retreated slowly, destroying farmland, filling wells, leaving the enemy with nothing but white land. With a severe lack of supplies, Darius finally retreated to Asia, incurring several times the casualties in the retreat. The Scythian kingdom was formed in the 5th ~ 4th centuries BC (one says in the 2nd century BC).

From the 5th century BC to the 3rd century BC, the Scythians grew in power, monopolizing the slave trade from the Black Sea to Greece and gaining wealth. In the middle of the 4th century BC, the Scythians began to decline. From the 4th century BC onwards, there was a clear divide between the rich and the poor. In 339 BC, the Scythian king Attias was killed in a war against King Philip II of Macedon. As a result, Scythia was divided internally due to its defeat in the war. Although the Scythians later established new kingdoms, they were destroyed by the Goths in the 3rd century AD. The Sarmat gradually replaced the Stecy. In the 2nd century BCE, the Scythians were pushed to Crimea by the Sarmas and established their capital in Neapoli.

In this respect, it is likely that nomads will be more inclined to shift to farming or fishing and hunting cultures as long as they have a suitable place to settle, and this situation can also be seen in the Wuhu Sixteen Kingdoms or the Mongols who later founded the Yuan Empire.

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Little did Gotel know that the city in front of him was actually about to become the burial place for him and most of the people who raided the east gate of Cloudsdale this time.

What Gortle didn't know was that this camouflage raid plan had in fact been "seen through" by a person's experience in future lives.

What Gottel didn't know in the end was that while he was quietly looking at the city gate, Yang Wengzi came to the front of the city tower and looked at the members of the grain transportation team, including him, with a rather playful expression. [To be continued.] ]