readx;?? If you want to develop the horse breeding industry on a large scale, you not only need national policies, but also need corresponding supporting facilities more crucially, such as full-time horse breeders, veterinarians and even .lā.vd who purchase horse forage.

Zhang Jiashi said that other situations are easy to solve, but there is one point that he is more and more helpless, that is, the more horses there are, the greater the need for forage and the larger the scope of the horse farm. Pen, fun, and www.biquge.info

Zhang Jiashi was reluctant to fish with all his might, but in the face of the increase in the number of horses, he could be said to be both painful and happy.

From the current situation, even if the scale of the horse farm is limited on the premise of protecting the environment, the supply of forage and corresponding concentrate cannot be cut off, which is why Zhang Jiashi's investment in this area has become more and more short.

Zhang Jiashi did not think about letting the people also invest in the horse breeding system, but for the current situation of people's livelihood withering, Zhang Jiashi is very clear that letting the people raise horses will undoubtedly make the burden of the people heavier.

Zhang Jiashi couldn't help but think of the introduction of alfalfa during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, which solved some of the problems.

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In later generations, alfalfa was the common name for the alfalfa genus, commonly known as "clover", perennial flowering plants, the most famous of which is alfalfa as a pasture grass, which is livestock feed.

Annual or perennial herbaceous, sparse shrub, no vanilla smell. pinnate compound leaves, alternate, pedicles partially conniving with petioles, entirety or lobed, leaflets 3, margins often serrate, lateral veins extending to the apex. racemes axillary, sometimes capitate or solitary, flowers small, usually peduncles, bracts small or absent, calyx bell-shaped or cylindrical, calyx teeth 5, equal length, corolla yellow, alfalfa and other hybrids often purple, violet, Brown, etc., flag petals obovate to oblong, narrow at base, often folded back, wing lobes oblong, with apical protrusions on one side hooked to each other with the auricular body of the keel lobe, disengaged after pollination, keel petals blunt; stamens two-bodyed, filaments apex not expanded, anthers homotyped; columella short, tapered or linear, slightly flattened on both sides, glabrous, stigma apical, ovary linear, sessile or with short stalk, ovules 1 to many. Pods spiral-turned, kidney-shaped, sickle-shaped, or nearly straight, longer than the calyx, dorsal seams often ridged or thorny, with 1 to many seeds. The seeds are small, usually smooth, more or less kidney-shaped, without mons, and the base of the cotyledons is not swollen and has no joints.

In Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, China, alfalfa is called grass head, also known as golden cauliflower, alfalfa is called grass purple, and sometimes both alfalfa are called grass purple.

There are about 70 species in this genus, which are distributed in the Mediterranean region, Southwest Asia, Central Asia and Africa. There are 13 species in our country, 1 variant.

Another said that a total of 65 species, distributed in Europe, Asia and Africa, there are 16 species in China, widely distributed, wild and cultivated, for good feed.

The one introduced and planted during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is likely to be alfalfa.

Alfalfa, original name: Alfalfa, also known as alfalfa, Rosaceae, leguminaceae, alfalfa is a perennial herb with thick roots, deep into the soil, and a developed root neck. The stems are erect, clumped or even flat, quadrangular, glabrous or slightly pubescent, with lush foliage. The seeds are ovate, 1-2.5 mm long, smooth, yellow or brown. The flowering period is from May to July, and the fruiting period is from June to August. It is native to Asia Minor, Iran, and Transcaucasia. It is cultivated or semi-wild all over the world. Born on the edge of fields, roadsides, wilderness, grasslands, riverbanks and valleys. It is widely cultivated as fodder and pasture grass in Eurasia and countries around the world.

Alfalfa is a perennial herb with a height of 30-100 cm. The roots are stout, deep into the soil, and the root neck is well developed. The stems are erect, clumped or even flat, quadrangular, glabrous or slightly pubescent, with lush foliage. pinnate three-out compound leaves; pedicles large, ovate-lanceolate, apex acute, base entire, or with 1-2 toothed lobes, well-veined; petioles shorter than leaflets; leaflets oblong-ovate, oblong-ovate to linear-ovate, equal in size, or slightly larger in apical leaflets, 10-25 mm long, 3-10 mm wide, papery, apex obtusely rounded, with long toothed cusps protruding from the midrib, narrow, wedge-shaped, margins more than one-third serrate, glabrous above, dark green, pubescent below, lateral veins 8-10 pairs, at acute angles to the midrib, slightly bifurcated near the leaf margins; Inflorescences racemes or capitates, 1-2.5 cm long, with 5-30 flowers, pedicels straight, longer than leaves, bracts linear-conical, longer or equal than peduncles, flowers 6-12 mm long, pedicels short, about 2 mm long, calyx bell-shaped, 3-5 mm long, calyx tooth-linear-conical, longer than the calyx, pubescent; corolla of various colors: pale yellow, Dark blue to dark purple, petals with long petals, flag petals oblong, slightly concave apex, obviously longer than the wing and keel petals, wing petals slightly longer than keel petals, ovary linear, pubescent, columella short and broad, upper end finely pointed, stigma punctate, ovules numerous. The pods are tightly rolled in a spiral shape 2-4 times, without or nearly no holes in the center, 5-9 mm in diameter, pubescent or gradually shedding, finely veined, not clear, brown when ripe, with 10-20 seeds. The seeds are ovate, 1-2.5 mm long, smooth, yellow or brown. The flowering period is from May to July, and the fruiting period is from June to August.

Alfalfa grows on the edge of fields, roadsides, wilderness, grasslands, riverbanks and valleys.

This is likely to indicate that alfalfa is not too strict in terms of planting area, but Zhang Jiashi feels that the more helpless place is that alfalfa is native to Asia Minor, Iran, and Transcaucasia. Driven by the migration and development of human beings and the corresponding commercial activities, this alfalfa is estimated to be only gaining a foothold in the Western Regions at the moment.

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In later generations, the cultivation of alfalfa can be said to have formed a fairly mature system.

Alfalfa seeds are small, young shoots are weak, the top soil strength is poor, the land preparation must be fine, the ground is required to be flat, the soil clods are finely broken, there are no weeds, and the moisture is good. Alfalfa has a well-developed root system and deep soil, and the sowing ground must be turned deep in order to fully develop the roots. Alfalfa has a long growth life, is mowing and uses more often, and absorbs more nutrients from the soil. Alfalfa is reported to absorb 13.3 kg of nitrogen, 4.3 kg of phosphorus and 16.7 kg of potassium per mu per year. Nitrogen and phosphorus are 1~2 times more than wheat, and potassium is 3 times more. The land used for sowing alfalfa should be harvested before the previous year, that is, after shallow tillage and stubble, and then deep ploughing, and harrowing and suppressing water storage and moisture conservation work in winter and spring.

Watered land to irrigate enough winter water, before sowing, and then shallow tillage or harrowing land preparation, combined with deep ploughing or shallow tillage before sowing, 1500 ~ 2500 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, 20 ~ 30 kg of superphosphate as the base fertilizer. For low soil fertility, ammonium nitrate and other fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer should be applied at the time of sowing to promote the growth of seedlings. Top dressing should be carried out after each mowing, and 10~20 kg of superphosphate or 4~6 kg of phosphorus diammon per mu is required.

1. After sowing, before the emergence of seedlings, in case of rain soil compaction, it is necessary to remove the compacted layer in time to facilitate the emergence of seedlings.

2. The seedling stage grows very slowly, and it is easy to be harmed by weeds, so it is necessary to cultivate and weed 1~2 times.

3. In the year of sowing, before the end of the growing season, mowing and utilization once, when the height of the plant does not reach the degree of utilization, the seedlings should be left for winter, and grazing is strictly prohibited in winter.

4. Alfalfa land more than two years old, before germination in spring every year, clean up the stubble in the field, and carry out plough protection, after the last mowing and harvest in autumn, to loosen the soil and top dressing. After each mowing, it is necessary to harrow the ground and top dressing, and the irrigation area is combined with irrigation and top dressing, and the winter water should be filled with enough winter water.

5. The height of alfalfa mowing stubble is 3~5 cm, but the height of the last mowing stubble in autumn in arid and cold areas should be 7~8 cm, so as to maintain root nutrients and facilitate winter snow cover, which has a good effect on overwintering and spring germination.

6. The last mowing in autumn should be completed 20~30 days before the end of the growing season, which is not conducive to the accumulation of nutrients in the roots and rhizomes of the plant too late.

7. Seed fields should be pollinated by hand or bees during the flowering period to improve the seed setting rate.

8. Alfalfa has many pests and diseases, common pests and diseases are downy mildew, rust, brown class disease, etc., which can be controlled by Bordeaux liquid, stone flow mixture, Tobuzin, etc. Insect pests include aphids, floating dust, blind bugs, beetles, etc. It can be prevented and treated with dimethoate, ****** and other medicines. However, once the pests and diseases are found, it is advisable to mow and feed the animals.

The growth of alfalfa seedlings in the year of sowing is weak, and the cultivation operation should be mainly weeding, and two shovels and two shovels should be done in two trips or two shovels and one trip. After returning to green in spring and after each mowing, a tillage is carried out to break the soil compaction. Cultivating is generally carried out in combination with top dressing operations.

Fertilization is an important measure to increase alfalfa yield. Alfalfa fertilization methods include base fertilizer, seed fertilizer and top dressing during the growth period. The base fertilizer is mainly farmhouse fertilizer, and phosphate fertilizer with a long fertilizer effective period can be added, and the application rate of farmhouse fertilizer is generally about 3000 kg per mu. Seed fertilizer is the fertilizer applied at the time of sowing, generally 40~60 kg of superphosphate per mu as seed fertilizer. Top dressing is generally carried out in combination with irrigation after spring regreening, branching stage, budding stage or after each mowing, and the methods of top dressing include inter-row strip application, sprinkling and foliar spraying.

Alfalfa is a deep-rooted plant with a well-developed root system that can absorb deep soil moisture, so alfalfa is relatively drought tolerant. At the same time, alfalfa is a plant that needs more water, and its water needs are higher than that of grasses. Alfalfa is not resistant to flooding and is not suitable for growing in low-lying areas and places with high water tables. Waterlogging during the growth process will cause root rot and a large number of deaths, so in the rainy season, attention should be paid to waterlogging and drainage in time.

Farming measures to control weeds:

Before sowing, the ground is deeply ploughed, and the surface grass seeds are buried deep so that they cannot be unearthed. Plough and prepare the ground in advance. Let the surface weed seeds germinate in advance, and perform another rotary tillage and harrow before the alfalfa is sown to kill the germinated weeds. Adjust the sowing date. Autumn is appropriate for late sowing, when the weeds are in the seedling or seedling stage, they are frozen to death before winter. Alfalfa strip sowing, manual weeding.

Chemical agents to control weeds:

When alfalfa is planted in large areas, weeds can be eliminated with herbicides. The herbicides for stem and leaf treatment are: Pusit, Bean Xerox, Bendasone, Broad-leaved Zhe, Nayujing, Steady Killing, Gaicao, Hecaogram, etc.

In China, the first two crops of alfalfa account for about 70% of the annual production, and the quality is good and the commerciality is good. Therefore, after the harvest of the first crop of alfalfa, it is necessary to strengthen field management in time to obtain better benefits.

Strengthen water and fertilizer to ensure the growth needs of alfalfa:

China has a lot of precipitation in May, and the soil moisture is generally good, so all localities should appropriately replenish water according to the soil moisture content. If the water content in the 0-20 soil layer is less than 10%, it should be watered appropriately, but the amount of water should not be too large, and the sprinkler irrigation can be done for about 4-6 hours. Alfalfa has a short growth period in the second crop, and in order to obtain higher yield and quality, it needs to have more nutrient accumulation than the first crop. For plots that have not been topdressed during the regreening period, the first crop of alfalfa should be topdressed in time after harvesting in combination with watering. Generally, 20-30 alfalfa special fertilizer is applied per mu.

Pay attention to diseases, insects and weeds, and take effective control measures:

The second stubble of alfalfa grows in summer, with high temperature and high humidity, which is prone to diseases, insects and weeds. The main diseases that are prone to occur are sclerotinia sclerotinia and anthracnose, and the main insect pests are thrips and aphids. The following methods can be selected for the control of pests and diseases: sclerotinia can be controlled with 50% Suclin wettable powder 60/mu, anthrax can be controlled with 10% Shigao wettable powder 60/mu, thrips and aphids can be controlled with 5% cypermethrin EC 2000 times and 10% imidacloprid EC 2000 times.

Harvest at the right time to prevent mildew rot during the rainy season:

The second harvest of alfalfa is in the rainy season, so in order to prevent mildew, it is best to harvest it in good weather. If there is a lot of rain, the alfalfa can be mowed in advance or staggered before and after the flowering period, so that although the yield or quality is affected to a certain extent, the overall view is greater than the loss. After harvesting, try to minimize the drying time in the field, send it to the yard in time after baling, and choose a ventilated and rainy place to dry naturally to avoid rain.

Avoid trampling and grazing by livestock to ensure later growth:

After the first harvest of alfalfa, the number of new leaves and shoots plays a decisive role in the yield of alfalfa, and if it is trampled or eaten by livestock, it will have a serious impact on the later growth of alfalfa, and even lead to the death of patches. According to the actual situation, all regions should send special personnel to supervise or strengthen field inspections, and grazing is strictly prohibited.

Later generations believed that alfalfa was widely cultivated as fodder and pasture in Eurasia and countries around the world. Alfalfa stems and leaves are tender and delicious, whether it is green feed, silage, preparation of green hay, processing grass meal, used for compound feed or mixed feed, all kinds of livestock and poultry are the most favorite food, and it is also the first choice for pig and poultry industry.

Alfalfa contains 5 kinds of vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin E, 10 kinds of minerals and flavonoids, carotenoids, phenolic acids three plant-specific nutrients, its main functions are as follows:

1. Flavonoids: have antioxidant effects, and can prevent the deposition of cholesterol on the arteries, and avoid blood clotting, so as to reduce the probability of arteriosclerosis. Flavonoids can also block the undesirable activity of certain hormones, inhibit the activity of enzymes that cause inflammation, and inhibit microvascular proliferation.

2. Phenolic acid: It has an antioxidant effect and can be regarded as an antioxidant substance, which can prevent blood from clotting into plates, make blood unobstructed in blood vessels, and reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases.

3. Carotenoids: can protect the eyes and prevent degenerative diseases of the ophthalmic nerve. In the human body, it can make cells mature and differentiate, and in the prevention of diseases, it has been proven to have a certain effect on preventing the recurrence of cancer and preventing the occurrence of heart disease. Clinically, certain carotenoids have been started as additional preventive chemotherapy in cancer patients.

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Zhang Jiashi is not very clear about the multi-effect economic role of alfalfa at the moment, but there is no doubt that if you want to properly maintain the foundation of horse breeding, introduce alfalfa at the most suitable time, and research the most suitable planting plan, there is no doubt that it is a good way to reduce the pressure of the horse breeding industry on the state and the people.

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