Yan Yannian is short, shrewd and fierce, and quick to do things, even if Zigong and Ran You are excellent in political affairs, they can't surpass him.

The subordinate officials tried their best to preserve the discipline, and Yan Yannian treated him well like flesh and blood, so his subordinate officials were close to him, took refuge in him, and gave up their lives.

However, Yan Yannian hated evil excessively, and there were many people who were framed by his conspiracy, especially those who were good at writing prison speeches, good at official scripts, and those who wanted to kill were written in hand, and the main book and other close officials could not know.

And if the ruler speaks that he can be condemned to death, he shall be slain as swift as God. In winter, Yan Yannian ordered the prisoners of his counties to gather in the county government and sentence him to the crime of killing his head, bleeding for several miles, and Henan County called him

"Tu Bo". The order is forbidden, and the politics of the county are clear.

And Zhang Jiashi knew very well that if the laws of a country can be effectively enforced, then Confucius thinks that the law is not important, and even the idea that the ritual law is above the law is a joke.

And more importantly, there is a very interesting word for the main body of national policy in China's governance of the country, that is, the Confucian bones.

......

The Confucian skin bone can also be called the "outer Confucian inner law".

"Outer Confucianism and Internal Law" is an internal guiding ideology of a series of national policies implemented by the state power in China for a long period of time from the Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty. That is, on the surface, Confucianism is admired, but in practice it also relies on the ideas of Legalism, which is often the combination of Confucianism and law, and the mutual assistance of Confucianism and law.

Political merit and ethical persuasion are the two core means used by successive rulers to stabilize their rule, and they are also important factors for the formation of Chinese culture, which is Confucianism and internal law. Generally speaking, Confucianism emphasizes benevolent government and implements rule through ethical persuasion, while Legalism emphasizes the legal system and focuses on political achievements. However, these two ideas were mixed with each other during the Han Dynasty to form a complementary ruling technique.

Since the Han Dynasty, China has mostly adopted a "Confucianism and Outer Law" style of governance. The so-called "internal" is the internal core values and guiding ideology. "Inner Confucianism" is based on the Confucian concept of valuing people, people-oriented, and rational distribution of benefits. The so-called "outside" is the external realization, specific measures. "Foreign law" refers to the establishment of a political structure with the concept of Legalism and the rule of law.

With the development of online consulting and the decline in the price of books, many people have come into contact with the term "internal Confucianism and external law", and mistakenly understand "inside" and "outside" as "actual content" and "skin". Therefore, it is believed that in Chinese history, it should be "external Confucianism and internal law", that is, it shows Confucian benevolence and righteousness, and takes Legalism as the foundation. This is a mistake caused by a lack of comprehension of the Chinese language.

In fact, the "rule of law" of Legalism is different from the rule of law as understood in modern Western legal thought. Legalism takes the monarch as the law, the monarch is the core of everything, the words spoken by the monarch are the law, and the essence of the rule of law is to obey the orders of the monarch.

Emperor Xuan used to use torturers, and when the prince suggested to him to use more Confucian scholars, his answer was: "The Han family has its own system, and it is supposed to be a tyrant.

This shows that the rulers of the Han Dynasty had consciously combined Confucianism and law to rule.

Outer Confucianism puts a layer of benevolence on the feudal rulers, and the internal law provides a strong backing for the ruler's **** rule. According to Confucianism, the monarchs of heaven and earth have the ethical constraints of "monarchs, ministers, fathers, fathers, sons", but this kind of ethical constraints do not yet have the compulsion of law, so they gave birth to the "three outlines" of the monarch as the minister, the father as the son, and the husband as the wife. The legalization of ethics stipulates all feudal etiquette and religion in the form of law. If you violate etiquette and religion, you will no longer be judged by morality, but punished by the legal system.

In a sense, the structural form of the feudal patriarchal society is the inevitable product of the rule of external Confucianism and internal law. Feudal laws are clothed with a layer of benevolence and virtue of "Confucianism", so that all laws have found an ethical basis. Turning the pages of the legal books of the past dynasties, you can find that the beginning is a high-sounding hat with a benevolent and ethical style. The result of this is, on the one hand, to leave a way out for the rulers to shield and condone crime, and to provide a convenient door for the extension of the law to every social cell.

As long as the ruler is unwilling to punish the person, the emperor or the local officials can easily "forgive" him and give him a chance to mend his ways, so that not only will there be no responsibility for "bending the law", but it will show the ruler's generosity and compassion. And when a criminal appears in the family as a social cell, the ruler can magnify the punishment of a member of a certain family to the crime of the entire family: the clan fails to implement the rituals and religions well, resulting in this scum!

It is on this basis that the "full door of copying" is carried out.

At the same time, this combination of Confucianism and law can also be extended to every cell of the feudal patriarchal society, especially in the later period of feudal centralized rule, the state will "decentralize" the legal system to the clan, the patriarch has the right to take legal means to punish the clan, and the law at this time is not to protect the interests of the clan, but the stability of the clan system: as long as the patriarch thinks that there is a mistake, he can go to the ancestral hall to punish the clan. This is the reason why private courts are not seen as crimes in feudal society.

An important embodiment of the "external Confucianism and internal law" during the period of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty was that when Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty governed the country, he appointed many "capable officials" who strictly enforced the law.

And many of these capable officials are from the "Hanshu Cool Officials".

Among them, Yan Yannian is one of the representatives.

......

Yan Yannian, the year of birth and death is unknown, the word is secondary, and he is a native of Pi in the East China Sea.

When Yan Yannian's father served as the prime minister's subordinate official, Yan Yannian learned a little legal knowledge in the prime minister's mansion and served as a county official after returning to Donghai County. Through the selection, Yan Yannian served as a subordinate official of the imperial history, and was later elected to serve as the imperial historian.

In the first year of Yuanping, the general Huo Guang deposed Liu He, the king of Changyi, and established Liu Xun, Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty, as emperor. As soon as Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, Yan Yannian played the impeachment of Huo Guang for "deposing the emperor without authorization, without the etiquette rules of his subordinates, and being unkind." Although the chapter was put aside, the court kept Yan Yannian away.

Later, Yan Yannian impeached Dasi Farmland Yannian for violating Emperor Xuan's attendant car with a weapon in his hand, and Tian Yannian defended himself for not attacking Emperor Xuan's attendant car. Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty handed over the matter to Yu Shi Zhongcheng, who reprimanded Yan Yannian for why he did not transfer documents to the palace gate to prohibit Tian Yannian, but allowed him to enter and leave the palace. So Yushi Zhongcheng in turn impeached Yan Yannian for accepting sinners without authorization, and should be executed according to the law. Yan Yannian fled abroad.

Just as the amnesty decree was encountered, the conscription letter from the prime minister and the imperial history mansion arrived on the same day, and Yan Yannian arrived at the imperial history mansion because the letter from the imperial history mansion arrived first, and he re-served as the imperial historian. Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty remembered that Yan Yannian had impeached Huo Guang for deposing the emperor without authorization, so he gave him an official position and let him serve as the commander of Pingling County. Later, he was dismissed for the crime of killing innocent people. Later, he served as a subordinate official of the prime minister, and was soon promoted to serve as the county magistrate of Haoqi County.

During the Shenjue period, Xiqiang rebelled against the Han Dynasty, and the crossbow general Xu Yanshou asked Yan Yannian to serve as the chief historian, and Yan Yannian followed the army to defeat Xiqiang, and served as the Taishou of Zhuojun after returning.

At that time, Zhuo County had no talent for several successive Taishou, and Bi Yebai, a native of Zhuo County, and others were cunning because of the abolition of public law. The big surnames are the West Gao clan and the East Gao clan, and the officials from the county officials down are afraid and avoid them, and no one dares to oppose them, and they all say: "It is better to owe 2,000 stone than to turn your back on the heroes." "The guests indulged in thieves, and once they were discovered, they hid in Gao's house, and the officials did not dare to chase after them. Gradually, the thieves became more and more numerous day by day, and only on the road did they draw their bows and swords, and then they dared to walk, and the confusion reached such a point. After Yan Yannian arrived, he sent his subordinate officials Li Wu and Zhao Xiu to torture Gao, and learned that he was guilty of capital crimes.

Zhao Xiu saw that Yan Yannian was a newly appointed county guard, and he was afraid in his heart, so he prepared two documents exposing Gao's crimes, and planned to tell Yan Yannian the one with the lesser crime first, and then take out the one with the more serious crime after observing Yan Yannian's intentions. Yan Yannian already knew that Zhao Xiu wanted this.

After Zhao Xiu's subordinate arrived, he really told Yan Yannian the document with the lesser crime, and Yan Yannian searched in his arms and got the document with the more serious crime, so he arrested him and sent him to prison. He was imprisoned at night, and the next morning he was taken to the market and convicted and killed, and killed in front of the Gao clan whom he tortured, and the officials trembled in their legs. Yan Yannian also sent his subordinates to torture and interrogate the two families surnamed Gao, and thoroughly tracked down the evil people related to them, and dozens of people were killed in each of the two families. The county was shaken with fear, and the road was not forgotten.

Three years later, Yan Yannian was promoted to Henan Taishou and rewarded him with 20 catties of gold. The strong and strong are restrained, there are no thieves among the people, and Yan Yannian's prestige deters the neighboring counties. His political achievements mainly lie in fighting the strong and helping the poor and weak. Even if a poor person violates the law, Yan Yannian must change the lawsuit to make him innocent, and for those who violate the poor and weak, Yan Yannian will always arrest and convict him. Yan Yannian immediately let out the people who everyone said should be killed, and Yan Yannian wanted to kill the people who everyone said should not be killed.

None of the officials could guess the depth of his intentions, and they were too afraid to break the prohibition. Examining the cases he handled, they were all neat and unchangeable.

Yan Yannian is short, shrewd and fierce, and quick to do things, even if Zigong and Ran You are excellent in political affairs, they can't surpass him. The subordinate officials tried their best to preserve the discipline, and Yan Yannian treated him well like flesh and blood, so his subordinate officials were close to him, took refuge in him, and gave up their lives. However, Yan Yannian hated evil excessively, and there were many people who were framed by his conspiracy, especially those who were good at writing prison speeches, good at official scripts, and those who wanted to kill were written in hand, and the main book and other close officials could not know. And if the ruler speaks that he can be condemned to death, he shall be slain as swift as God. In winter, Yan Yannian ordered the prisoners of all counties to gather in the county government and sentence him to the crime of beheading, bleeding for several miles, and Henan County called him "Tu Bo". The order is forbidden, and the politics of the county are clear.

At that time, Zhang Chang served as Jing Zhaoyin, and he was friendly with Yan Yannian. Although Zhang Chang's governance was severe, there were still a lot of prisoners released, and Zhang Chang heard that Yan Yannian's punishment was harsh and rapid, so he wrote to tell him: "In the past, Han Lu caught a rabbit and captured it after looking up to the will of the master, and he didn't kill it too much. It is hoped that the second secretary will relax the punishment a little and consider implementing this method. ”

Yan Yannian replied: "Henan County is the throat of the world, the old land of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, where weeds are lush and grass seedlings are barren, how can we not eradicate them?"

At that time, Huang Ba used the method of forgiveness in Yingchuan to govern, the county was peaceful, and there were bumper harvests year after year, Emperor Xuan of Han thought he was virtuous, issued an edict to praise his virtue, and gave him the reward of gold and knight. Yan Yannian usually looked down on Huang Ba's character, and when Huang Ba served as a taishou in the county adjacent to him, and Emperor Xuan of Han's praise and rewards for him were all in front of him, he was not convinced. There was another locust plague in the border of Henan, and Fu Chengyi went out of the county government to inspect the locust situation, and after returning to meet Yan Yannian. Yi told Yan Yannian that Geng Shouchang in Sinong Zhong was beneficial to the people, and Yan Yannian said: "Prime Minister Yushi doesn't know what to do, so he should leave the throne." How can Geng Shouchang use this as power?"

Later, Zuo Fengyi became vacant, and Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty wanted to recruit Yan Yannian, but the bamboo talisman had already been issued, because Yan Yannian's harsh reputation stopped. Yan Yannian suspected that Shaofu Liang Qiuhe slandered him, so he hated him very much in his heart. It happened that Lang Evil Taishou was dismissed after three months due to a long illness in office.

Yan Yannian knew that he was deposed, so he said to the prime minister: "This person can still be dismissed, on the contrary, can't I be dismissed from office and leave?" Yan Yannian also found that although the prison official was incorruptible, this person was guilty of receiving stolen goods, but the stolen goods were not in his body, Yan Yannian committed the crime of false investigation and was demoted, he smiled and said: "Will anyone dare to investigate people in the future?" Fu Chengyi is old and confused, and he has always been afraid of Yan Yannian, but he is afraid of being framed by his conspiracy. Yan Yannian had served as prime minister with Yi, so he was indeed very friendly to him, and had no intention of slandering him, and gave him a lot of things.

Yi was even more afraid, he got a death hexagram by Zhanxiao, he was in a trance, and when he went to Chang'an on vacation, he wrote a book to talk about Yan Yannian's ten crimes. After the performance, he committed suicide by taking poison to prove that he did not deceive Emperor Xuan of Han.

Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty entrusted the matter to the Imperial History Zhongcheng Procuratorate for verification, and the result was indeed true, so he closed the case to Yan Yannian and sentenced him to be dissatisfied and slander the government, unkind, and sentenced to abandon the city.

And as if because he saw his son have such an ending, this allusion is circulated in the East China Sea area:

At first, Yan Yannian's mother came from Donghai County and was going to celebrate the Lunar New Year with Yan Yannian, and when she arrived in Luoyang, she was just in time to see the report of the execution.

Yan Yannian's mother was shocked, so she stopped in Duting and refused to enter the county government. Yan Yannian went to Duting to visit his mother, but his mother was closed.

Yan Yannian took off his hat and kowtowed to His Excellency, and after a long time, his mother saw him, so she counted his sins and rebuked him, saying: "You are fortunate to be able to serve as a county guard and govern a land of thousands of miles independently, but you have not heard that you have practiced benevolence and education to make the people safe, but instead relied on punishment to torture and kill people too much, and want to establish your prestige in this way, is this your original intention as an official?"

Yan Yannian admitted his mistake, kowtowed heavily and apologized, so he personally drove the car for his mother and returned to the dormitory. Yan Yannian's mother said to Yan Yannian after the ritual of the first month and the lunar month: "Heavenly gods, those who kill too much will be punished, and I don't want to see my son tortured and killed in my old age! I am leaving! I will leave you and return to Donghai County, waiting for your mourning period to arrive." So he left Yan Yannian.

After Yan Yannian's mother returned to Donghai County, she met her brothers and talked to them about it. More than a year later, Yan Yannian really lost power. There is no one in Tokai County who does not think that his mother is virtuous. The five Yan Yannian brothers all have talents, all of them are big officials, and the people of Donghai County call their mother "Wanshi Yanyu".