Among the two most famous things in Zisan's experience, he was the economic reform of Zheng Guo and the casting of the criminal tripod.

On the one hand, the casting of the criminal tripod is an important measure to pave the way for its economic reform.

In fact, this move was also imitated by Shang Ying, and the famous historical allusion Limu Jianxin is an improved means in this regard.

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Zi Chuan was a famous politician of Zheng Guo in the late Spring and Autumn Period, when Zheng was worried about internal and external troubles, and his national strength was declining, and he was in a very dangerous situation. In order to enrich the country and strengthen the army, Zichuan vigorously promoted social reforms and punished those who were absurd, lawless, extravagant and wasteful. The interests of many great nobles were harmed in the reform, and they made irresponsible remarks about the reform measures, and even made up songs to curse Zi Chan: "Force me to hide my good clothes and hats, and also check my land and property! Whoever wants to kill Zi Chan, I will definitely join in!" In the face of the threat, Zi Chan did not flinch, and he said: "As long as it is good for the country, I will die and do it." Good governance cannot be changed halfway, and I am determined to follow through. ”

In order to make the country have a law to follow, Zichan presided over the formulation of the "criminal book". This set of torture books was originally written on bamboo slips or wooden slips, and later Zichan ordered all the characters to be cast on a tripod and placed at the gate of the palace so that the common people could see it, which is the famous "penal tripod".

The law should be made public, which seems taken for granted today, but it caused an uproar at the time. Uncle Jin sent a letter to the son, and began by saying: "At the beginning, I had great hopes for your rule, but now it is over!" and then said: "In the past, those holy monarchs ruled the world by judging the severity of the matter, and did not formulate criminal laws. Once the common people know the law, they will be disrespectful to the above, they will have a heart of contention, and they will use the criminal law as a basis, and they will have to fight for clarity every word, and there will be more cases of violating the law, and it will be difficult for the whole country to govern!"

Shu Xiang also said: "In the Xia Dynasty, there were people who violated government decrees, so they formulated the "Yu Punishment"; in the Shang Dynasty, those who violated government decrees made "Tang Punishment", and in the Zhou Dynasty, there were people who violated government decrees, so they formulated "Nine Punishments". All three of these laws appeared in the late years of dynastic rule. I have heard that when the country is about to perish, there will be more laws. Now that you are assisting Zheng Guo, you are busy formulating the criminal law, and you have to cast it on the Ding, while you are alive, Zheng Guo is probably going to decline!"

Zichan replied: "As you said in your letter, I am a man of no talent, and I cannot control the distant things of future generations. I am now promulgating the Criminal Law to save the present generation that has become in turmoil!"

In the third year of Zichan's reign, when the reform was beginning to bear fruit, and the people benefited from it, Zheng Guo also circulated a ballad: "We have children, and we have children to teach, and we have fields, and children help us increase our yields; if Zichan dies, who can be as good as him?"

Confucius lived a little later than the child, he advocated the use of virtue, courtesy and righteousness to govern the country, opposed the creation of the child to cast the penal tripod, but affirmed the great effect of the reform of the child, praised him as a "benevolent man" who brought happiness to the people.

There is a view that this move of Zichan opened a precedent for the promulgation of written law in ancient China. During the Spring and Autumn period, the momentum of the patriarchal aristocracy weakened, and a new landlord class arose. All interest groups, social strata and economic conditions are changing, and this major reform measure is in line with the new needs of social development.

Driven by the trend, more than 20 years after the Jin State produced the "Casting Criminal Ding", the Criminal Law was also cast on the Ding and announced to the society.

But Confucius thought it was wrong. After the Jin state promulgated the law, Confucius said that the Jin state was probably doomed because of this. When the people know the law, how can they show the dignity of the nobles if they only look at the articles on the top and do not look at the faces of the nobles?

Confucius always valued propriety over the law, and he even thought that the law was harmful. So it's not surprising that he depreciates the "Casting Punishment Ding" so sharply. Confucius believed that if the country is governed by law, then people will focus on the law, only seek to avoid crime, and lose their inner shame, such a society is too unideal, should pursue the world for the public, everyone stresses benevolence, every family sleeps without closing the door, there are no thieves and thieves at all.

Therefore, Confucius believed that in a society, it is not normal to have to resort to law when something happens, and the ideal thing is that there is no lawsuit in the whole society.

It can be seen from this that there was a lot of pressure to promulgate the law at that time.

However, in terms of the economic reform of Zheng Guo by the child, it is inevitable that the promulgation of the law will win the trust of the people.

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Before becoming Zheng Guo's prime minister, Zi Chuan knew that Zheng Guo, who was conservative, would have a hard time coping with the crisis if he didn't go through some innovation.

In the course of reform, the child does not shy away from controversy, does not suppress controversy, and is not afraid of controversy. He believes that reform is about moving forward in the face of controversy. For example, he reformed the military system, increased taxes, and enriched military salaries to enhance Zheng Guo's self-defense ability, and was cursed by some people. Someone said, "The father of the child died on the road, and he is going to be a scorpion tail again!" Zichuan also presided over the national agricultural census and rectified the three rural areas. The specific measures he took were: First, to clarify the chaotic situation of land ownership and to redivide the country's fields and ditches. The illegally seized land is either confiscated or returned to its owners.

In the process, the children recognized the land ownership of the new landowners, the new landowning class, and imposed taxes on them to increase defense spending. The second is to organize the peasants, and several families will cooperate in production as a mutual aid unit, and share a well, and so on. These measures have also offended the interests of many people and caused trouble.

For a time, a dangerous joke was widely circulated throughout the country: If you take my field and redraw the border, and take my clothes and crown to hide, who can kill the child? I will definitely be with him!

At this point, what will happen to the child? His answer was: It doesn't matter, as long as it is beneficial to the country in the long run, I have to do it even if I die. We cannot retreat from the implementation of reform, and we can only succeed if we persist, and I am determined not to change!

Zichan can do what he says, and if it doesn't work, he would rather let go than be obsessed with a high position. Once, Zheng Guoda's doctor Fengmaki asked for hunting for the sake of sacrifice, but he did not get the approval of the child. Toyomaki was furious and immediately recruited forces loyal to him to make a move. When Zichan learned that in order to prevent the country from falling into division, he immediately resigned and declared that he would leave Zheng Guo, as a sign that he did not intend to benefit himself by excluding others. Fortunately, the most powerful Han Zipi of Zheng Guo at that time expressed his support for Zichan after consideration, expelled Fengjuan, and Zichan was reinstated.

After being reinstated, Kosan ordered the preservation of Toyomaki's land, and after three years, Toyomaki was summoned back to Japan, and the land property was returned to Toyomakaki, and even the income from the fields for these three years was also given to Toyomaki. Kosan did not confiscate his land because of Toyomakaki's attempted rebellion. This is Zichan's tolerance, and it is also one of the key factors for him to win the hearts of Zheng Guo's people.

After three years of comprehensive reform, Zheng Guoren sang again: I have children, and my children teach them. I have a field, and I have a way to make a good harvest in the field. If the son dies, who will inherit his virtues?

Zheng Guo was between the two hegemons of Jin and Chu, and had to pay attention to diplomacy. In this regard, Zi Chuan is eclectic and boldly uses a group of talented people. Gongsun Hui is familiar with foreign situations and is good at wording; He is the most strategic, but he can only think in the wild; Feng Jianzi is thoughtful and decisive, and is the best at making decisions; Yu Ji is a handsome guy with a gentle and sociable manners. Whenever Zichan encounters an international event, he first consults Gongsun Hui on the situation, and asks him to draft documents and speeches, and fully prepare the wording for various occasions; Then find a quiet place to live in the suburbs with Pi Chen, and plan carefully; The plan obtained from the plan is asked Feng Jianzi to make a decision; In the end, it was entrusted to Yu Ji to execute.

Zichan represented Zheng Guo to participate in international conferences, and his words were prudent and decent, which not only safeguarded Zheng Guo's interests, but also did not easily offend other countries, and always left room for himself. Confucius once praised Zichan's diplomacy, saying that Zichan's remarks spread far and wide, and everyone knew about it, because Zichan had been fully prepared.

During the more than 20 years of Zheng's reign and reforms (543-522 BC), Zichuan made great achievements in both domestic and foreign affairs. Zheng Guo has maintained stability and achieved great economic development under complex and difficult circumstances.

It is worth mentioning that Zi Chuan was also one of the few fortunate Chinese reformers who were in a bad situation, although he also experienced several tribulations, but until his death in 522 BC, he still held great power, and entrusted the reform task to his successor on his deathbed, which is as grand as a national legacy. When the news of Zichan's death reached the Lu Kingdom, Confucius sighed with tears: "Zichan, you are the beloved of the ancients!"

If the above-mentioned reform measures to strengthen the country and enrich the people are not uncommon in all dynasties, then the unique contribution of the reformer's son to Chinese history is that he supported the supervision of public opinion with rare courage and mind, and did not interfere with the criticism of the imperial court by public opinion. In the barbaric and brutal Spring and Autumn Period, this is the only case, which has been celebrated through the ages.

Zheng Guoren has a habit that his father and fellow villagers often go to the schools in the township to chat and discuss national affairs.

Many people in Zheng Guo gathered in the school to discuss, and the impact was great. What are these Zheng Guo's fathers talking about? In the 31st year of Xianggong's reign, "Zuo Chuan" said: "On ruling by virtue" means discussing major state affairs. Of course, there is praise and criticism.

And during the period of King Zhou Li, it was because of this situation of discussing national affairs that King Zhou Li finally lost the country and died:

King Zhou Li was tyrannical, extravagant and tyrannical, and the people openly talked about his mistakes. Zhao Gong admonished: "The people cannot endure the tyrannical decree!" King Zhou Li was furious, and found a sorcerer who defended the country and asked him to monitor those who were discussing, and whoever the sorcerer sued, King Zhou Li would kill. As a result, the number of people talking gradually decreased, but at the same time, the princes did not come to worship.

In the thirty-fourth year of King Zhou Li, King Zhou Li was even more strict at that time, and no one in the people dared to speak anymore, and they could only exchange glances when they met on the road.

King Zhou Li was very happy to see this, and told Zhaogong: "I can eliminate the people's discussion of me, and the people will no longer dare to complain." ”

Zhao Gong said: "This is just to block their words back." Plugging the mouths of the people is more harmful than blocking the rivers. If there is too much water, if the river bursts, many people will be harmed, and the same is true for not allowing the people to speak. Therefore, those who govern the water should dredge the rivers so that the water flows smoothly, and those who govern the people should be open to their speeches so that the people dare to speak. Therefore, when the Son of Heaven governs the country, he should make sure that all the ministers and the lower ranks can present poems that satirize the gains and losses of the court and government, the musicians present the music that reflects the people's feelings, the historians present the historical books on the pros and cons of the gains and losses of the previous generations, and the Taishi can present exhortatory words, which are then recited and read by the blind musicians. Hundreds of officials can directly give advice, commoners can convey their opinions to the Son of Heaven, the left and right ministers must fulfill the responsibility of admonishment, relatives and relatives should investigate and make up for the mistakes of the Son of Heaven, and musicians and Taishi should be responsible for teaching and educating the Son of Heaven. The old ministers gathered and sorted out the opinions of various parties, and then the king considered the trade-offs. In this way, the implementation of political affairs will be very smooth and will not go against common sense. The people have mouths, just as the land has mountains and rivers, and the wealth of mankind is generated from here. The people have mouths, just as the land has fertile fields, and the people's clothes and food are produced from here. When the people speak out of their mouths, and the good things are carried out, and the evil things are stopped, this is the one that produces wealth and food. The people will say whatever they think in their hearts, and they will do what they think in their hearts. If you shut their mouths, how many will agree with you and follow you?"

King Zhou Li did not listen to dissuasion. From then on, the people did not dare to speak.

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Under the conditions of the national conditions in the Spring and Autumn Period, the controversy caused by this move can be imagined. According to the "Zuo Biography", an official named Ran Ming was very angry when he heard the criticism in the township school, so he suggested to Zi Chuan that the township school should be closed or destroyed.

Why did Ran Ming make such a suggestion to Zichan? Ran Ming knew that Zichan had said that only a virtuous saint could convince people by tolerance, and the secondary role should be to implement fierce government. Because the fire is so fierce that people are afraid when they see it, they are rarely burned to death; And the water is cowardly, people like to play in the water, and many people drown because of it. Ran Ming felt that since Zichan was going to implement drastic government, of course he would not be polite to those who opposed him.

Zisan's answer was a big surprise. Zi Chuan said: "Why? Ordinary people go there in the morning and evening to talk about the length of national affairs, because they care about the country." I will do what they praise; I'll change the things that annoy them. How can they be ruined by being my teachers? I have heard that resentment can be reduced by genuinely loving one's own people, but I have not heard that resentment can be prevented by intimidation by forceful means. Destroying the township school, of course, can block the voice of criticism, but have you thought about it, the people's grievances are like a big river, and building a dam can block it for a while, once it breaks, I don't know how many people will be harmed, and it will be too late to rescue at that time. It is better to open some small channels and take advantage of the situation. I mean, let's take the talk in the village school as medicine. ”

Ran Ming was so impressed: "I only realize now that you are a person who can do great things, and a villain like me is really useless." If you continue to do it according to your method, Zheng Guo will have something to rely on!"

The two aspects of leniency and severity, which seem to be opposites, are united in the child. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the child production pioneered a diversified situation.

Confucius was very much in favor of this. Confucius, who was about 30 years younger than Zichan, heard in Lu that Zichan would not destroy the township school, and he highly praised it: "From this point of view, if someone says that Zichan is not benevolent, I will not believe it!" Confucius's praise of the child shows that Confucianism is in favor of public opinion supervision. Although Confucius despised the law, he advocated benevolence for the common people, so he favored letting the common people speak.

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