Chapter 35: The Second Intermediate Period of Egypt

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After the death of Amenemhat IV, there was no male heir, although some believe that the first two rulers of the Thirteenth Dynasty were his sons. He was succeeded as pharaoh of Egypt by his half-sister (or perhaps his aunt) Sobek Nefru (father was Amenemhat III), the eighth pharaoh of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt. She is the second female pharaoh in Egypt's 1,500-year history.

It is thought that she may have been the queen of Amenemhat IV, although there is no evidence to prove this, although it seems that the pharaohs of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt at that time were in vogue to marry their own half-sisters.

Sebek Nefru is also written as Nephil Russobek, and her name means "beautiful Sobek". According to Manneto, Sobek Nefru had an eldest sister, Nephrubta, who was designated as the successor of Amenemhat IV, but died before Amenemhat, and was buried in the pyramids of Hawala as a pharaoh.

Sebeknefru did not appoint an heir after her death, and the end of her reign ended the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt and the most glorious period of the Middle Kingdom. This was followed by a period of decline in the Middle Kingdom.

The Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt, a total of 8 pharaohs, years.

> Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt

The early Thirteenth Dynasty was in a period of peace, ruling all of Egypt and was the last period of the Middle Kingdom, while the later period is described as an era of chaos and disorder, belonging to the Second Intermediate Period. And in the vicinity of the capital Fayoum Itawi, for most of the thirteenth dynasty, it was relatively peaceful.

In the latter part of the Thirteenth Dynasty, the central royal power gradually declined, and it was in a state of actual division and chaos.

By the reign of King IV of the Thirteenth Dynasty, the form of local division became more severe, and the Fourteenth Dynasty was formed. Later, during the reign of Sobehotab VI, the Fifteenth Dynasty was established.

In the entire Thirteenth Dynasty in just over 100 years, if you add up all the kings of the secessionist regimes at that time, there were 65 rulers.

Sobek Hoteb I, reign: years.

In the twelfth dynasty, Sobek Hotaib I, the son of Amenemhat IV of the Twelfth Dynasty, assumed the throne of Egypt and established the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt.

Amenemhat V, reigned: years.

Amenemhat V succeeded to the throne of Egypt and was the second pharaoh of the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt.

Sekhomkara, reigned: years.

Sekholmkara succeeded to the throne of Egypt and was the third pharaoh of the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt.

Ameni Kamau, reigned for years.

Ameni Kamau succeeded to the throne of Egypt and was the fourth pharaoh of the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt.

Jeffivny, reigned: years.

Jevivni succeeded to the throne of Egypt and was the fifth pharaoh of the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt.

Hotai Pibula, reigned in years. Also known as >, Hotai Pibula, son of Ameni Kamau and grandson of Amenemhat V, succeeded to the throne of Egypt and was the sixth pharaoh of the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt.

Amenemhat VI, reigned in years. Also known as >, Amenemhat VI succeeded to the throne of Egypt and was the seventh pharaoh of the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt.

Seme Enkara, reigned: years.

Semeenkara succeeded to the throne of Egypt and was the eighth pharaoh of the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt.

Sobek Hoteb II, reign: year. Also known as >, Sobek Hotaib II succeeded to the throne of Egypt and was the ninth pharaoh of the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt.

Ransenep, reigned: four months, years. The full name is >, and the son of Amenemhat VI, Lain Seneb, succeeded to the throne of Egypt and was the tenth pharaoh of the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt.

Sejfa Kara, reigned: years. In >, the son of Amenemhat VI and the younger brother of Ranseneb, Sejala Kala, succeeded to the throne of Egypt and was the eleventh pharaoh of the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt.

Ugav ugaf, reigned: years. Also known as >, Ujav inherited the throne of Egypt and was the twelfth pharaoh of the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt.

Uselkara, reigned: 4 years and 3 months. Also known as Kann Jar >, Usalkara succeeded to the throne of Egypt and was the thirteenth pharaoh of the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt.

Uselkara (Cairnjar), a native of Egypt, was born and raised in Egypt and was the first Semitic to ascend to the throne of the pharaoh. Uselkara means "the mighty sun god Ra".

The most notable event of the Thirteenth Dynasty was the accession to the throne of the West Semitic king Kan Gyal, the first Semitic pharaoh to rule all of Egypt, representing the beginning of a more powerful political influence of the West Semites as foreign immigrants.

The pyramid is located in Sakkara.