readx;?? According to what Jing Yu has learned, perhaps being a county magistrate, especially in terms of law, is the best place to start. Pen % Fun % Pavilion www.biquge.info Eight Eight Reading, .23.o

But in 209 B.C., a piece of paper made him a soldier in the northern frontier and began a life he never imagined.

However, in the past ten years of border guarding life, although Jing Yu has not returned to his hometown, he himself does not think that there is any need to go back.

Before he became a soldier, his mother also died in 211 BC, and the family was not too good, although he was already old enough to marry, but because of his mother's death, he had to postpone his idea.

At this time, although there is a saying of keeping filial piety for three years, but under the governance area of the Great Qin Empire, the atmosphere of keeping filial piety for three years has not spread, and most of the areas, including Jingyou's hometown, the original small counties in the Huaiyang area, are more about keeping filial piety until the arrival of the New Year.

This way of keeping filial piety was mainly popular in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, because in the troubled times, the death of the monarch still has a great impact on a country, if the new monarch does not deal with government affairs for a long time or even fights with foreign enemies because of filial piety, then the country is likely to decline or even perish.

Therefore, in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, filial piety is generally based on the arrival of the country's New Year.

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The Confucian saying of keeping filial piety for three years is said to have been circulated in the time of Confucius:

This statement originates from:

Zai I asked: "Three years of mourning has been a long time. If a gentleman does not act as a courtesy for three years, the etiquette will be broken, and if he does not be happy for three years, the happiness will collapse. The old valley is gone, the new valley is rising, and the fire is changed. Zi said: "Eat husband rice, clothes husband brocade, Yu Nu Anhu?" He said, "Ann." "Nu An is for it. The husband and gentleman's residence is mourning, the food is unwilling, the music is unhappy, and the residence is uneasy, so it is not for it. Now the woman is safe, then for it!" The son was born for three years, and then he was spared from the arms of his parents, and his husband was mourned for three years, and the world was mourned. Yu also has three years of love for his parents?"

Commentary: Zai I believe that the three-year mourning is a requirement of the ceremony, but the ceremony is not fixed, the ceremony is constantly changing. The three-year funeral vigil has been in place for a long time, and now it's time for a change.

Confucius believed that the three-year mourning was not a requirement of etiquette, but a requirement of personal benevolence. When a gentleman dies of his parents, his mood is sad, and eating delicious food and wearing gorgeous clothes to pursue happiness is contradictory to the mood of grief, so when he pursues happiness during the mourning period, his heart will not be at peace, but only by crying and grieving, his heart will be at peace and happiness can be satisfied.

Zai I responded to Confucius by saying that when his parents died, he ate delicious food and wore gorgeous clothes, and his heart was at peace and content. In other words, the two have different understandings and experiences of benevolence. In this way, there is no way for the two to communicate, because the basic assumptions are different.

According to Confucius, when a parent dies, the gentleman's mood is sad, and the gentleman's heart will be uneasy in the pursuit of enjoyment. Confucius had no choice but to say, if you are safe, you will do it. The implication is that Confucius will not be at peace and can only perform a three-year funeral.

Zai I was virtuous in words and deeds, and was judged by Confucius to be unkind here. But we can see that Zai I has another virtue, and that is "sincerity", which is why he is a virtuous person.

The reason why etiquette can be practiced is because etiquette is based on people's hearts and benevolence. The reason why there is a change in etiquette is because benevolence has changed, and in Zaime, benevolence and etiquette still echo each other, so there is no hypocrisy. Therefore, a one-year funeral is also a rite.

Keeping filial piety for three years, to guard the mourning hall, do not paste couplets, do not go to others to pay New Year's greetings, do not set off firecrackers, burn the gold and silver mountains when burning the first phase, the third phase of the gold bucket and silver bucket, the fifth phase of the daughter bought five flowers, the seventh phase of burning the boat and the shore tree, 100 days in advance to burn paper, the first year a few burns.

And whether this statement is actually related to Confucius, many people believe that "slaughtering me and discussing etiquette" is a legend fabricated by later generations.

And in the Thirteen Classics of Confucianism, there is no such statement:

The Book of Filial Piety - the first chapter of the opening chapter:

Zhong Niju, Zeng Zi Shi. Zi said: "The first king had the most virtuous way, so as to obey the world, the people were harmonious, and there was no complaint from top to bottom. What do you know?"

Zeng Zi avoided the table and said: "If you are not sensitive, how can you know it?"

Zi said: "Filial piety, the foundation of virtue, and the place of teaching." Sit back, I speak you. ”

Translation: "The body is skinned, and the parents who receive it dare not destroy it, and the beginning of filial piety is also." Standing up and doing the way, making a name for yourself in future generations, in order to show your parents, and the end of filial piety. Husband filial piety, starting from the family, in the matter of the king, and finally standing. Yun: 'Wu Nian Erzu, Yu Xiu Jide. ’”

Confucius sat idly at home, and his student Zeng Zishi sat next to him. Confucius said, "The emperors of the first generation had their supreme character and the most important morality, so that they could bring the hearts of the people of the world to good faith and the people to live in harmony." Whether people are noble or lowly, there is no resentment and dissatisfaction from top to bottom. Do you know why?"

Zeng Zi stood up, left his seat and replied, "Student, I am not smart enough, how can I know?"

Confucius said, "This is filial piety." It is the root of all virtue and the root of edification. You go back to your original position and sit down, I'll tell you. The limbs, hair and skin of a person's body are all endowed by their parents, and they dare not be damaged or disabled, which is the beginning of filial piety. It is the ultimate goal of filial piety for people to follow benevolence, righteousness and morality in the world, to make achievements, and to show their reputation in future generations, so that their parents will be distinguished and glorious. The so-called filial piety originally started from serving his parents, then served the monarch, and finally made meritorious achievements and became famous. It is said, 'Remember your fathers, and cultivate your virtues.' ’”

Chapter 2 of the Son of Heaven:

Zi said: "Those who love their relatives dare not be evil to others, and those who respect their relatives dare not be slow to others." Love and respect are all done to relatives, and morality is added to the people, and punishment is imposed on the four seas. The filial piety of the Son of Heaven is also. Yun: 'One person has a celebration, and the people rely on it.' ’”

Translation: Confucius said, "He who can love his parents will not dislike other people's parents, and he who can respect his own parents will not neglect other people's parents." It is the filial piety of the Son of Heaven to serve his parents with love and respect, and to teach the people of Li and the people of the world, so that the people of the world will follow and imitate him! ’”

Chapter 3 of the Princes' Chapter:

It is not arrogant, high but not dangerous, and it is prudent and modest, full but not overflowing. High but not dangerous, so keep it for a long time. Full but not overflowing, so keep rich for a long time. Wealth does not leave its body, and then it can protect its society, and its people. Cover the filial piety of the princes. Yun: "Trembling, like facing the abyss, like walking on thin ice." ”

Translation: As a prince, he is not proud of his position above all, and no matter how high his position is, he is not in danger of overthrowing, and if he lives frugally and prudently practices the law, his wealth will not be overflowing, no matter how abundant he is. Holding a high position without the danger of overturning can keep one's noble position for a long time, and wealth is abundant without extravagance and profligacy, so it can keep one's wealth for a long time. If you can maintain your wealth and dignity, you can keep your home and country safe and live in peace with the people. This is probably the filial piety of the princes. It says: 'Trembling is like being on the edge of a deep pool for fear of falling, and stepping on thin ice for fear of sinking, and proceeding with caution. ’”

Chapter 4:

If you are not the law of the first king, you dare not obey it, you dare not say the words of the first king, and you dare not do the virtue of the first king. Therefore, it is illegal to do nothing, it is not the way, there is no choice in the mouth, there is no choice in the body, there is no choice in the world, there is no speech in the world, and there is no resentment in the world: the three are prepared, and then they can guard their temples. Doctor Gaiqing's filial piety is also. Yun: "Sleepy night bandits, one person." ”

Translation: Those who did not dare to wear the clothes that were in accordance with the law were not made by the previous Shengming kings, and those who did not dare to say the words that were in accordance with the etiquette spoken by the previous Shengming kings, and those who did not dare to do it were not the moral principles and behaviors practiced by the previous Shengming kings. Therefore, do not say things that are not in accordance with etiquette and law, do not do things that are not in accordance with etiquette and morality, and speak without choosing to conform to etiquette and law, and do not need to think about one's behavior and do not deviate from it. Therefore, even if the words are known to the whole world, there will be no mistakes, and the things that are done will not be met with resentment and disgust when they are spread all over the world. Clothing, language, and behavior can all follow the etiquette rules of the previous Shengming kings, and then they can keep the incense of their ancestors and continue to prosper. This is the filial piety of the emperor and the doctor! He said, "Be diligent and unremitting from morning to night, and devote yourself to serving the Son of Heaven." ”

Sura al-Sadir 5:

If you are in the father's house, you will love the same thing, and if you are in the father's office, you will be respectful. Therefore, the mother takes her love, and the king takes her respect, and the father is also the father. Therefore, filial piety is loyal, and respect is long. Loyalty and obedience are not lost, and then they can keep their position and keep their sacrifices. The filial piety of Gaishi. Yun: "I sleep at night, born without Er." ”

Translation: Serving the mother with the same feeling of serving the father is the same love and reverence is the same when serving the king with the same feeling of serving the father. Therefore, to serve the mother is to serve the mother with love, to serve the king is to serve the king with respect, and to treat the father with both. Therefore, if you serve the king with filial piety, you will be loyal, and if you serve your superiors with respect, you will be obedient. If you can serve the king and your superiors loyally and obediently, you will be able to keep your fortune and position, and you will be able to keep your sacrifices to your ancestors. This is the filial piety of the scholars! It says, "Do it by getting up early and going to bed late, and do not insult the parents who gave birth to you." ”

Chapter 6:

Use the way of heaven, divide the benefits of the land, and use it sparingly, in order to support your parents, and the filial piety of this people. Therefore, since the Son of Heaven is to the people, filial piety has no end, and those who cannot suffer will not have it.

Translation: Taking advantage of the natural seasons, recognizing the advantages and disadvantages of the land, acting cautiously, and being thrifty, in order to support their parents, this is the filial piety of ordinary people. Therefore, from the Son of Heaven to the ordinary people, no matter how high or low, filial piety has no beginning and no end, and it exists forever.

Zi said: "The bereavement of the filial son is also, crying is not good, the etiquette is not tolerant, the words are not literate, the service is uneasy, the music is not happy, the food is unwilling, and this mourning is also." After three days of eclipsing, the people of the church were killed, injured, or killed. Indestructible, the government of this saint also. The mourning is only three years, and the people will have an end. For the coffin and the clothes and the clothes are lifted, Chen Qi is embarrassed and mourns; we cry and mourn to send it; the house is a sign, and the peace is taken; for the temple, enjoy it with ghosts; and sacrifice in the spring and autumn period, think about it with time. Love and respect in life, mourn in death, the foundation of the people, the righteousness of death and life, and the matter of filial piety. ”

Translation: Confucius said: "A filial son who has lost his parents will cry hoarsely and cannot cry for a long time, his manners and deeds will lose his usual proper manners, his speech will be incoherent, his heart will be uneasy when he wears beautiful clothes, he will not be happy when he hears beautiful music, and he will not feel good when he eats delicious food, which is a manifestation of the sadness and sorrow of a child because of the loss of his loved ones." After the mourning of parents, they should eat after 3 days, which is to teach the people not to damage the body of the living because of the sorrow of losing their loved ones, and not to destroy the nature of life due to excessive mourning, which is the way of the sages and gentlemen. Keeping a mourning for a loved one for no more than 3 years is a sign that the mourning has its termination. When holding a funeral, it is necessary to prepare a coffin, an outer coffin, clothes and ornaments for the deceased parents, and a quilt to be properly placed in the coffin, and display the decorations and memorial utensils to convey the grief and sorrow of the deceased. At the time of the funeral, he beat his chest and feet, and wailed and mourned. Divination tomb auspicious place for burial. Sacrificial temples were built so that the spirits of the dead could return and enjoy the sacrifices of the living. Sacrifices are held in spring and autumn to show that the living always miss their deceased loved ones. By serving our parents with love and respect during their lifetimes, and by taking care of the funeral with grief after their deaths, we have fulfilled our duties and obligations in life. The righteousness of health preservation and death has been achieved, and it can be regarded as fulfilling the obligation to serve relatives as a filial son. ”

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And the Qin State or other countries, even in the late Warring States period, the funeral and filial piety of its monarch was only one year at most.

This is an example from the fact that after the death of King Qin Zhaoxiang, although An Guojun was mourned, he was still able to handle state affairs until the arrival of the new year. However, because King Qin Xiaowen finally reigned for less than 3 days, the new year of Qin once again became a day of mourning. And in the following year, that is, in 249 BC, King Xiang of Qinzhuang, who had completed his mourning period, officially ascended the throne.

In 247 BC, that is, the third year of King Xiang of Qin Zhuang, King Xiang of Qin Zhuang died of illness, King Qin was mourned, and Lü Buwei dealt with national affairs, and this period was summarized by later generations as the loss of three monarchs in five years.

And the same is true for the national funeral, it is not difficult to speculate that the Qin State or the civilians during the Great Qin Empire were more likely to mourn for about a year.