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In addition to the five major military works that are included in the "Seven Books of Wujing": "Three Strategies", "Six Tao", "Wu Zi", "Sun Tzu's Art of War" and "Wei Xuanzi", there are many military works that have been lost at that time in the pre-Qin period. Pen "Fun" Pavilion www.biquge.info (.)

Among them, the one that can verify its existence and is relatively famous is the "Art of War" written by Sun Bin.

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"The Art of War" is one of the most famous military works of the Central Plains in ancient China, and it is also another masterpiece of the "Sun Tzu School" after "The Art of War", and it is one of the representative works that reflect the military thinking of the Warring States Period.

"Sun Bin Art of War" was known as "Qi Sun Tzu" in ancient times, the author is Sun Bin, legend has it that he is a descendant of Sun Wu, born in the Warring States Period between Qi and Juan (now Yanggu, Juancheng in Shandong Province), and once studied the art of war with Pang Juan. Unearthed in Linyi.

Sun Bin (year of birth and death unknown), a military strategist in the early Warring States period of China, a representative figure of the military family. Sun Bin's original name is unknown, and he was named Sun Bin because he was tortured.

Sun Bin was born between Acheng and Juan (now Acheng Town, Yanggu County, Shandong Province, and the northern part of Juancheng County, Heze City), and was a descendant of Sun Wu. Sun Bin was a classmate with Pang Juan, because of Pang Juan's persecution and torture, physically disabled, and then defected to Qi with the help of Qi envoys, was appointed as a military advisor by King Qi Wei, assisted Qi general Tian Ji to defeat Pang Juan twice, won the Battle of Guiling and the Battle of Maling, and laid the hegemony of Qi.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, there was a historical novel "The Romance of Sun Pang Fighting Spirit" based on the lives of Sun Bin and Pang Juan, which made the story of Sun Pang Douzhi widely circulated.

Tang Dezong enshrined 64 famous generals with outstanding martial arts in history such as Sun Bin in the Wucheng Temple, known as the 64 generals of the Wucheng Temple. Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty posthumously honored Sun Bin as Wu Qingbo, and was one of the seventy-two generals of the Song Wu Temple.

There are many allusions about Sun Bin in history, among which the well-known ones are "Tian Ji Horse Racing" and "Wei Wei to Save Zhao".

The allusion to "Tianji Horse Racing" is as follows:

Tian Ji often raced horses with the princes of Qi and set heavy money as a bet. Sun Bin found that the strength of the horses and feet in the game was about the same, and it could be divided into upper, middle, and lower three, so he suggested that Tian Ji increase the stakes and assured him that he would win. Tian Ji then set up a thousand gold with King Qi Wei and the princes as a bet to compete in horse racing. Sun Bin asked Tian Ji to replace the superior horse with an inferior horse and compete with the superior horse of King Qi Wei. The first big defeat; then Sun Bin asked Tian Ji to replace the medium horse with the superior horse and the middle horse to replace the inferior horse, and competed with the middle horse and the inferior horse of King Qi Wei respectively, and Tian Ji won two wins and one loss, and finally won the bet of King Qi Wei's daughter, Sun Bin became famous, which revealed an important law in the military: focus on the overall situation and abandon the part. Surprisingly winning.

The method adopted by Sun Bin in the story of "Tian Ji Horse Racing" is regarded as the earliest application of the "strategy theory".

The allusion to "besieging Wei to save Zhao" comes from the Battle of Guiling of Qi Wei:

354 BC. Zhao attacked Wei's ally, Wei, and captured Qi and Fuqiu (both in present-day Changyuan County, Henan Province),[8] which led to Wei intervention, which sent troops to besiege Zhao's capital Handan (present-day Handan, Hebei Province). The following year, Zhao sent envoys to Qi and Chu for help. King Qi Wei convened his ministers to discuss, and Zou Ji opposed the rescue, while Duan Ganpeng suggested that King Qi Wei divide his troops all the way south to attack Xiangling (present-day Sui County, Henan Province) to fatigue the Wei army, and then take advantage of the Wei army's breakthrough of Handan to rescue Zhao, thus rescuing Zhao. At the same time, it weakened Wei and Zhao. King Qi Wei adopted Duan Ganpeng's suggestion and divided his troops into two routes, one for the Qi army to besiege Xiangling of Wei, and one for Tian Ji and Sun Bin to lead the rescue of Zhao.

In 353 B.C., the Qi army divided into two routes, one way to join the troops led by the Song Jingdi and Weiguo Gongsun Cangsuo, and besieged Xiangling of Wei. One route was led by Tian Ji and Sun Bin to rescue Zhao Guo. King Qi Wei planned to make Sun Bin the main general. But Sun Bin refused on the grounds that he had been tortured and was physically disabled. King Qi Wei then appointed Tian Ji as the main general, Sun Bin as the military advisor, and let him sit in the car with a tent to give advice. At this time, the main force of the Wei army had broken through Handan, the capital of Zhao State, Pang Juan led an army of 80,000 to reach Stubble Hill, and then attacked Weiguo, and Tian Ji and Sun Bin led an army of 80,000 to reach the border area of Qi and Wei. Tian Ji wanted to engage the main force of the Wei army directly. But was stopped by Sun Bin.

Sun Bin believed that Wei had been attacking Zhao for a long time, the main force was consumed outside, the old and weak were exhausted inside, and the domestic defense was empty, so he should adopt the tactics of attacking the east and attacking the west, encircling Wei to save Zhao, and directly smashing the capital of Wei to force Wei to withdraw its troops, and Wei withdrew as soon as he withdrew his troops. Zhao Guo was naturally saved. Sun Bin then suggested that Tian Ji go south to feint to attack Pingling (now northeast of Dingtao County, Shandong Province) of the Wei State, because although the city of Pingling was small, the area under its jurisdiction was very large, the population was large, and the army was very strong, and it was a strategic point in the Dongyang region (referring to the area east of Daliang, the capital of Wei), which was difficult to conquer; moreover, Pingling was south of the Song State and north of the Wei State, and it was easy to cut off the grain route by passing through the city mound on the way to the army, and the feint attack on this place could well confuse the Wei army, causing Pang Juan to have the illusion that the commander of the Qi army was incompetent. Tian Ji adopted Sun Bin's strategy and marched to Pingling. When approaching Pingling, Sun Bin suggested to Tian Ji that the Du Dafu of Linzi (present-day Zibo City, Shandong Province) and Gaotang (present-day Gaotang County, Shandong Province) lead his army to attack Pingling directly to attract the main force of the Wei army. Sun Bin asked Tian Ji to send lightly armed chariots to the outskirts of Daliang, the capital of Wei, to provoke Pang Juan and force him to lead his army back to help, and on the other hand, he asked Tian Ji to send a small number of troops to feign battle with Pang Juan's troops, pretending to show weakness to make him underestimate the enemy. Tian Ji complied with Sun Bin's request one by one, and Pang Juan really threw away his baggage, and marched lightly to rescue Daliang day and night. Sun Bin led the main army to set up an ambush in Guiling (southwest of present-day Changyuan County, Henan Province) and captured Pang Juan in one fell swoop.

The Battle of Guiling did not defeat the main force of the Wei army, and the Qi State did not officially attack the Wei capital of Daliang, and the Zhao capital Handan remained occupied by the Wei State. In 352 BC, King Hui of Wei called on the Korean army to defeat the combined forces of Qi, Song, and Wei besieging Xiangling, and Qi was forced to ask Jing She, the general of Chu, to mediate, and the countries made a truce.

In 351 BC, King Hui of Wei formed an alliance with the Marquis of Zhao Cheng on the banks of the Zhanghe River and withdrew from Handan, the capital of Zhao. Around this time, the State of Qi released Pang Juan and made him return to Wei as a general again.

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And "Sun Bin's Art of War" is Sun Bin under the influence of another allusion "Walking for the Upper Strategy", because Tian Ji died of illness shortly after returning to Qi again, and Sun Bin was a military book that was finally sorted out after his retreat due to the lack of support of powerful figures.

Chenghou Zou Ji (when he was the prime minister of Qi) has always been at odds with Tian Ji. After the Battle of Maling, Sun Bin said to Tian Ji: "Does the general intend to do something big?" Tian Ji didn't know why. Sun Bin said: "It is better for the general not to disarm and return to Qi, but to let the tired and old soldiers defend the main land (southwest of present-day Zibo City, Shandong Province). The roads in the main area are narrow, and vehicles can only pass in turn, colliding and rubbing past. If the weary and weak soldiers were to guard the main land, they would surely be able to make one ten. Ten is a hundred, a hundred is a thousand. Then the general has his back to Mount Tai, there is Jishui on the left, there is Gao Tang on the right, and the baggage can go directly to Gao Wan (now in Huantai County, Shandong Province), and only a light car and war horse can go straight to the Yongmen of Linzi, the capital of Qi State. In this way, the power of the Qi State can be decided by the generals. At that time, Zou Ji must have fled, otherwise the general might not be able to return to Qi safely. But Tian Ji did not listen to Sun Bin's advice.

Later, Zou Ji sent Gongsun Yue to carry a lot of money to swagger through the market. Find someone to divination, and introduce himself: "I am a subordinate of General Tian Ji, and now the general has won three battles and three victories, and his fame is shocking the world, and now I want to do great things, please do some divination, and see how the good luck and evil are?" As soon as the diviner left, Gongsun Yue sent someone to arrest the diviner and verify these words in front of King Qi Wei. Tian Ji panicked when he heard the news. He was forced to flee to the state of Chu, and was later sealed in Jiangnan (the area south of the Yangtze River) by King Xuan of Chu.

(The source of this allusion comes from "Warring States Policy: Qi Ce I":

Chenghou Zou Ji is Qi Xiang, Tian Ji is a general, don't say anything. Gongsun Min said to Zou Ji: "Why don't you fight Wei for the king? Fight without dying, bend and punish. Zou Ji thought so, but said that the king made Tian Ji to destroy Wei.

Tian Ji won three battles and three victories, Zou Ji sued Gongsun Min, Gongsun Min made people ten gold and went to the city, saying: "I Tian Ji is also a person." I have won three battles and three victories, and my reputation is prestigious, and I want to do great things, is it auspicious?" Tian Ji left. ）

Sun Bin also came to Chu with Tian Ji at this time, and it is possible that he went to Tian Ji's fiefdom in Jiangnan together. Write with your disciples. Most of the chapters of "The Art of War" were probably completed in the state of Chu. After King Xuan of Qi succeeded to the throne, he learned that Tian Ji had been framed, and recalled Tian Ji to the domestic official to reinstate him, and Sun Bin also returned to Qi at this time.

The Taiping Yulan records that Sun Bin once offered King Xuan of Qi a strategy to subdue Yan and Zhao to fight against Qin. Later, Sun Bin returned to his hometown to live in peace. After resigning from the government and living in seclusion, Sun Bin began to write books and teach, combining theory and practice, and sorted out the "Sixteen Articles of Sun Bin's Art of War" to be handed down.

It is very likely that the "Art of War" was completely lost during the Song Dynasty, so when the corresponding bamboo slips of the Yinque Mountain Han Tomb were unearthed, it was believed that it was likely to be a fake book or even a classic book handed down from "Han Shu".

However, because of the age of the unearthed "Sun Bin Art of War", many of the inscriptions on the bamboo slips have been eroded by the years and are ambiguous.

And the following is part of the content of "Sun Bin's Art of War":

"Seeing the King of Might":

When Sun Tzu saw King Wei, he said: The husband and soldier are not Shi Heng (potential) also. The Fu Dao of this former king. If you win, you will continue to be peerless in the country, and if you are not victorious, you will cut down the land and endanger the society. Therefore, the soldiers must not ignore it. However, those who are happy to fight will die, and those who will win will be humiliated. Soldiers are not happy, and victory is not profitable, and things are prepared and then moved. Therefore, those who are small and fortified in the city have a commission, and those who are widowed and strong have righteousness. The husband guards without commission, fights without righteousness, and there is no strong person in the world. When Yao has the world, the king ordered and Fu Xing seven, Yi has two, and China has four, so Yao invades the country of the sea and then the northern people are not harsh, and then the soldiers are not able to sleep, and Shi (relax) is not used. In the intervening years, Yao's body was declining and he was governed, and Xu passed on to the world. Shun strikes the collection (pocket), Fang (put) the zong (Chong), the return (Kun), the feather of the Fang (put), the three seedlings, the danger, the dead have a household (Hu) is (clan) China. There are Miao people, and Shu (alone) is Hong. Shun's body is declining and grieved, and the world is passed on. Yu chiseled Mengmen and passed through Great Xia, cut eight forests and burned nine □. West and (screen) three seedlings, □□...... Su Yi came (to) benefit also. Victory and strength, so the world obeys.

In the past, the Shenrong (nong) battle axe, the Yellow Emperor fought Shu Lu, Yao Fa Gonggong, Shun Fa Jiaoguan, Tang Zhu (put) Ji, Wu Wang fell, and the emperor was dying, so Zhou Gong was shallow. Therefore, it is said: Virtue is not as good as the five emperors, but not as good as the three kings, and the knowledge (wisdom) is not as good as the Duke of Zhou, saying: I will want to blame (accumulate) benevolence and righteousness, style etiquette and music, hang clothes often (clothes), and prohibit contention (seizure). This Yao Shun is not wanted, and it cannot be obtained, so he raised troops to bring him to justice.

"Capture Pang Juan":

In the past, Liang (Liang) Jun would attack Handan, so that the general Pang Juan would bring 80,000 armor to the stubble hill. When Qi Jun heard this, he made the general Jizi bring 80,000 armor to ...... Actually. Pang Zi attacked and defended [Dudi Qiu]. General Ji [son]...... □ Wei □□ rescue and ...... The rescue guard is out of order. Tian Ji said: If you don't save the guards, what will you do? Sun Tzu said: Please attack Pingling in the south. Pingling, its city is small and the county is large, the people are full of armor and soldiers, and the Dongyang war town is difficult to attack; I attacked Pingling, and there was Song in the south. There is Wei in the north, and there is a city mound in Dangtu (on the way). It is my food and I will show my unwisdom (knowledge). So he migrated and walked to Pingling. ...... Ling, the jealous son summoned his grandson and asked: What will be the matter? The grandson said: Du Dafu is familiar with (who) is ignorant of things? Sun Tzu said: Please take what you want...... The two doctors □ to □□□ Zang □□ are all transversely rolled up to the four ring Tu (way), and the □ horizontal roll is also □ array. The place where the ring is painted (way) [wagon] (clothed) armor is also. I am the last one, and the first is continuous. After the ring tu (way) is killed, the second doctor can be killed. So Duan Qicheng and Gaotang were two, and the ants were attached to Pingling. After the coercion [绁] and Huantu (way) were attacked, Qi Cheng and Gao Tang were defeated. The general Jizi summoned his grandson and asked: I can't attack Pingling, and I will die in Qicheng and Gaotang. Sun Tzu said: Please send a light car to the suburbs of Liang (Liang). to anger him. Divide the pawn and follow (vertical), show the widow. And so it was. Pang Ziguo abandoned his baggage and took (fun) and gave it up. The grandson rested, and hit the Guiling, and the bird (captured) Pang Juan. Therefore, it is said: The reason why Sun Tzu is the one is exhausted.

"Usurper":

Sun Tzu said: The victory of a soldier lies in the usurpation (selection) of a pawn, and its courage lies in the system. Its ingenuity lies in its potential, its benefit lies in its faith, its virtue lies in the Tao, its wealth lies in its urgency, its strength lies in the resting of the people, and its injury lies in several battles.

Sun Tzu said: Virtuous people. The accumulation of soldiers. Those who believe in it will be rewarded with soldiers. The fierce warrior is also the king of soldiers. Whoever takes the crowd wins □□□.

Sun Tzu said: There are five constant victories: winning the (autocratic) system and winning. Know, win. Win the crowd and win. Left and right and. Victory. The amount of food (quantity) is suitable for the (enemy) and the danger is won.

Sun Tzu said: There are five constants that are invincible: the imperial general, not victorious. I don't know, I don't win. Good general, no victory. No need to win. If you don't win, you won't win.

Sun Tzu said: Victory is in the end...... Reward, write (select) pawn, obedient enemy...... □. It is the treasure of the stomach (said) Taiwu. Sun Tzu said: I can't help the Lord and the generals......

...... □□ order, one is faith, the second is loyalty, and the third is daring. King Anzhong? Trustworthiness. Dare to dare to go badly. He was not loyal to the king, and did not dare to use his soldiers. Don't believe in reward, Baisheng (surname) Fude. Don't dare to go to the bad good, Baisheng (surname) is afraid.

"Moon War":

Sun Tzu said: Between heaven and earth, nothing is more precious than people. The battle [will be three and five] is not only (殚). The time, the place, and the people are not allowed to do the three, although there is a central (disaster). It is necessary to pay and [use] to fight, and to fight as a last resort. Therefore, when Fu fights, he does not return (reinstate) to make the people. Those who have no way to fight, and those who win small victories to pay for it. Sun Tzu said: Ten battles and six victories, with stars. Ten battles and seven victories, the Japanese also. Ten battles and eight victories, with the moon also. Ten battles and nine victories, the month has ...... [ten battles] and ten victories, and those who will be good and born are also. A single (殚) ............ There are five who are not victorious, and there is one of the five, and they are not victorious. Therefore, in the way of warfare, there are many people who kill people but cannot be killed, there are those who have to be killed but cannot be reluctant, there are those who have to give up but cannot be generals, and there are those who kill generals in the repetition (repeat) army. Therefore, if you have the way, you will not be able to get it, even if you want to live.

"Eight Formations":

Sun Tzu said: Knowing (wisdom), not enough generals, self-reliance. Brave, not enough generals, self-explanatory. I don't know, I have several battles, and I am not enough generals, but fortunately. The man who is the kingdom of the country, the king of the vast multiplication, and the people of the whole multiplication, only knows. Those who know, know the way of the sky, know the principle of the earth, get the hearts of the people inside, know the enemy's invitation (feelings) outside, Chen (array) knows the scriptures of the eight Chen (array), see the victory and fight, see the Buddha and criticize (quiet), the general of this king. Sun Tzu said: Those who use Bachen (array) fight, because of the benefits of the place, it is appropriate to use Bachen (array). Use Chen (array) to participate in (three) points, teach Chen (array) to have bees (front), and after teaching (front), they are all waiting (waiting) to move. Fight one, defend two, invade the enemy with one, and collect with two. If the enemy is weak and chaotic, he should choose his pawn first to take advantage of it, and if the enemy is strong to govern, he should be tempted by his pawn first. The riders and the warriors are divided into three, one on the right, one on the left, and one on the back. Easy is more of its car, more of it is more dangerous, more of its ride, more of its crossbow, and it is easy to know the place of life and death, and the place of life and death.

"Earth Treasure":

Sun Tzu said: The way of the earth: Yang is the surface, Yin is the inside, the straight is the gang (Gang), and the sorcerer is the discipline. Ji Gang (Gang) is detached, and Chen (array) is not confused. The straight one is hairy (no or grass) and the surgeon is half dead. Where the battlefield is also, the day is its essence, and the eight winds will be in the future, and they will not be forgotten. Those who are out of water, welcoming the tomb, reversing (flowing), dwelling in the killing ground, and welcoming the trees, Jun (even) lift, all five are invincible. The mountain of Nanchen (array) is also a mountain of life, and the mountain of Dongchen (array) is also a mountain of death. The water injected into the east is also raw water, and the water injected into the north is stagnant water. Do not leave (flow), stagnant water also.

The victory of the five places is said: the mountain wins the tomb, the tomb wins the Fu, the Fu wins the Chen Qiu, and the Chen Qiu wins the forest and the flat land. The victory of the five grasses is said: domain, thorn, thorn, mao, sha. The victory of the five soils: green wins yellow, yellow beats black, black beats red, red beats white, white beats green. The defeat of the five places is said: stream, river, ze, rebuke [, halo]. The killing of the five places is said: Tianjing, Tianwan, Tianli (Luo), Tian [土部上ㄨ下尤] (gap), Tian [Muzhao] (trap). Five tombs, kill the land, don't live, don't stay. Spring does not fall, autumn does not fall. The army and Chen (array) are not in the right (attack) front, and the right is not in the left week.

(To be continued.) )

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