readx;? Tudhaliyah I was haunted by Ishuva's betrayal until his death,

In the year, the new Hittite king Hatushili II, after coming to power, continued his father's last wish and launched another attack on Ishuva, but with the help of Mitanni, he did not capture Ishuva in the end. Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 info

After the defeat, the city-states of Kizuvatna, Arzawa, and Aleppo in northern Syria broke away from Hittite control and turned to Mitanni allegiance.

The reign of Artashuma was the reign of the Assyrian king Ashur Bel Nisheshu. Assyria was initially freed from Mitanni's influence, but did not dare to fight against Mitanni yet. Proof of this was the signing of a mutually beneficial treaty with the Babylonian king Kara Intash. He also presided over the reconstruction of the city of Ashur. During its reign, Assyria rebuilt its former financial and economic system.

When the Assyrian king Ashur Rim Nisheshu came to power, he continued to fortify the walls of his capital, apparently aimed at Mitanni.

The Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotab III delivered gold to the new Assyrian king, Ashur Nadine Akh II, in order to form an alliance against Mitanni and the Hittites. But the Assyrian king Ashur Nadine Akh II did not think that his power had grown strong enough to challenge Egypt or the Hittites, so he was unmoved.

Artashuma was assassinated by the Assassins. At that time, many of the sons of Shutarna II wanted to take the throne. In the case of disagreement, it may be that Tushrata, the youngest son of Shutarna II, was elected as the new king, he was very young at the time, and he was not yet an adult, so everyone wanted to use him as a puppet.

Tushrata, reigned: years. He was a contemporary of the Egyptian pharaohs Amenhotab III and IV, and the Hittite king Supiruliuma I.

Tushrata, another son of Shutarna II, succeeded to the throne of Mitanni and was the eighth king of the kingdom of Mitanni. But that didn't end the battle for succession.

As soon as Tushrata came to power, he was powerless to deal with the culprit of his father's assassination, and the only thing he could do in this situation was to make peace with Egypt immediately. He courted the Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotab III, who happily married his young daughter to Tushrata.

After getting married, with the help of his father-in-law, Amenhotab III, Tushrata finally found out the culprit and brought his brother to justice. It also shows that Tushrata got rid of the puppet state.

Years later, it was the reign of the Hittite king Supiruliuma I. This was the Hittite after Tudhariyah I, another warlike king.

The Hittite king Supiluluma I recalled that the land of Ishuva in the upper Euphrates River had escaped from Hittite rule in the time of his grandfather, Tudhaliyah I, when his grandfather wanted to conquer Ishuva again, but failed. In the time of his father, Hatushili II, the city-states of Kizuvatna, Aleppo and others betrayed the Hittites.

At this time, Mitanni's control over the vassal states weakened. Azru, the king of the Amuru city-state, seized this favorable opportunity and made a secret deal with the Hittite king Supiruliuma I and took refuge in the Hittite.

In that year, under its betrayal, Kizuvatna of Cilicia was reconquered by Supiruliuuma I. In this first Syrian war, known as him, Supiluluma I, after conquering Kizuwatna, then invaded the valley on the west bank of the Euphrates, and the Amuru city-states and Nuhashshesheh became Hittite vassals.

In the Second Syrian War, the Hittites again crossed the Euphrates and attacked Aleppo, Mukish, Niyaniya, Allahati, Apina, and Katna, as well as a number of cities that did not leave their names.

Supiruliuma I made his sons kings of the city-states he had annexed.

In northern Syria, Aleppo's position was paramount, and the Hittite king Supilulium I appointed his son Telipinus as king of Aleppo to manage the affairs of northern Syria. From then on, the descendants of Supiruliumas I ruled Aleppo and established the Supiruliuma dynasty.

In this way, after two Syrian wars, the Hittites invaded Mitanni's vassal states in northern Syria, replacing Mitanni in northern Syria, and parts of central Syria were also included in the Hittite territory.

The former rulers of these city-states fled to Ishuva and established a government-in-exile, which was located in the heart of Mitanni.

Treaties between sovereign states, as well as treaties between suzerains and vassals, made Ishuva's harboring of Hittite fugitives a pretext for Hittite invasion.

But the Hittites did not have the strength to confront Mitanni head-on, so they could only endure for the time being.

In Allahati, the Hittites got charioteers. Charioteers and all their possessions were taken to the Hittite. Although this was a common practice in warfare, it was the most powerful weapon for the Hittites to completely overtake Mitanni.

At that time, Mitanni's two-wheeled chariot technology was the most advanced in the Near East, and the Hittite absorbed these technologies, which became the key to the Hittite's ability to grow into a state that could compete with Egypt after Mitanni.

The most advanced weapons used on a large scale at the time were cast in bronze, and the most advanced bronze products were Mitanni's two-wheeled chariots.

The Hittites acquired this technology, but were constrained by the lack of raw materials for bronze, and were unable to manufacture bronze chariots in large quantities, so that they could still not compete with Mitanni.

The most important adjunct for bronze refining was tin, and the tin trade route, which consisted of Afghanistan - India - Mesopotamia - Syria - Asia Minor, as the end of the trade route, the Hittites in Asia Minor were at a disadvantage, and the great powers on this trade route restricted the Hittite tin trade in order to stifle the development of the Hittites.

In order to reverse this unfavorable situation, the craftsmen obtained from Arahati were greatly valued by King Supiruliuma I.

They were asked to study alternative techniques for bronze, and the first focus was on iron.