readx;? The late Fuxi period has entered the red copper age. Pen fun and pavilion www.biquge.info

The red copper era is also known as the era of copper and stone, and the era of gold and stone. Refers to the transitional period between the Neolithic and Bronze Ages, marked by the use of red copper.

Red copper is natural copper, which is soft and not suitable for making tools, so the humans of the red copper age still mainly use stone tools, which belongs to the late Neolithic period. The inhabitants of Mehrgarh (present-day Balochistan, Pakistan) used the local copper mines to make tools for 3,300 years. A copper buckle pin made by the cold forging method from BC7500 excavated in West Asia. It is the earliest bronze artifact found in the world.

The Neolithic culture in northern Central Asia is relatively late, and its representative is the Kerteminar culture, which is about 4000 BC, and the economy is dominated by fishing, hunting and gathering, and the pottery is mostly decorated with carvings or stamps, and there are very few painted pottery.

In Southeast Asia, Indonesia and other places, there is a Neolithic culture dominated by potato cultivation, and no real agricultural economy has developed. Southeast Asia basically belongs to the concept of the wild region of southern China.

Influenced by the Neolithic culture of northeastern China, the Neolithic culture of North Korea developed dryland agriculture in 4000 BC, where millet and millet were cultivated. Siberia, on the other hand, has always been dominated by a fishing, hunting and gathering economy.

The Americas were largely Neolithic before the arrival of European colonists, and even the Mayan kingdom, which had created a highly civilized society, largely did not use metal tools. The Americas were an important region for the origins of agriculture, where corn was first cultivated, as well as beans and pumpkins, which the Indians called the Three Sisters. There is only one type of domestic animal, the vicuña.

Before the arrival of the colonists, Oceania was still basically in the hunting and gathering economy, and did not make pottery, so it was basically in the Paleolithic Age.

In the Neolithic period in south-central Africa, stone tools were still used to grow potatoes, which is somewhat similar to the situation in Southeast Asia. Because the environment is all just as hard. It is impossible to develop agriculture.

The Yandi tribe was first in the period of the Great Flood, and moved with the Fuxi clan to the Jiang City on the bank of Jiang Water in Nanqili, Baoji County, Shaanxi. Because Nuwa later required everyone to have a surname, the Yandi tribe took Jiang Shui as the surname, that is, the surname Jiang.

In the early days, it was active in the Jiangshui Bank (now Baoji City, Shaanxi Province), and then the tribe developed and expanded, migrating and being active in Heze, Hubei, Hunan, Shanxi and other places in Shandong.

After the flood waters receded, Fuxi and the Nuwa clan and other ethnic groups moved back to the vicinity of Guchen Land near Luoyang, Henan. The two branches of the Yandi tribe, the Dating clan and the Zhu Xiang clan, also moved back to Henan together.

In the later period of the Nuwa clan's reign, the Dating clan succeeded the Nuwa clan as the new ruling tribe, and the Nuwa clan became a hereditary descendant clan from then on. The Zhu Xiang tribe, another branch of the Yandi tribe, also became rich and noble, and became important ministers.

After the decline of the Dating clan, the Zhu Xiang clan remained a hereditary nobleman, and even became a ruling tribe for a time.

After 150 years of rule by the Zhu Xiang tribe, the generous and benevolent Wuhuai tribe replaced the rule of the Zhu Xiang clan. After the decline of the Zhu Xiang clan, the tribe wandered to the vicinity of Shennongjia in Hubei.

Sima Zhen's "Three Emperors Benji" contains: "Shennong's family, Jiang's surname is King Huode. The mother is called Nudeng, the daughter of the Nuwa clan, born of the dragon of 忎 (rén), growing up in ginger water, called Lishan, and also known as the Lieshan clan.

Shennong's clan, also known as Kuikui's, Lianshan's, Lieshan's, alias Zhu Xiang.

Shennong was born in ginger water (legend is the descendant of the dragon, because the dragon head looks like a sheep's head), so he takes Jiang as his surname, the name is Shi Nian, and his early country is Yi Jiguo Qi, so it is called Yiqi Shi.

Shennong was born in Jiang's city, and his mother was a daughter of the Youwa clan, and he was proud to marry a woman from the Youwa clan at that time. As for the statement that it is the son of the dragon, it is actually because the women did not end up in the matrilineal clan period, although the dual system has been stipulated during the reign of the Nuwa clan, but there are often women who are wild, and the pretext is that the dragon is inducted. So I can't tell who my father is. Birthday: 26th day of the fourth month of the lunar calendar. When he became an adult, he married into the Zhu Xiang tribe. Later, Zhu Xiang's name was changed to Shennong's because Shennong's exploits were too great.

The tribe of the Shennong clan is located in Lieshan in Lishan Town, Suizhou City, Hubei Province today, so the Shennong clan is also called the Lieshan clan.

Shennong's developed the digging of the soil. 耒 (Nian Lei) is a kind of pointed wooden stick, the tip of the stick is cut with a stone knife, and sometimes its tip is burned with fire to increase its hardness, and it can also be put on a horn of a beast, which can be used for a longer time. But this thing is very hard to dig into the ground, because there is only one point of force. Shennong found that digging with a double-pronged wooden stick was faster. As a result, there was a double-toothed rake. 耜 (Nian Si), on the other hand, is a stone flake without a handle, and it is necessary to bow down or even squat to dig the ground. Shennong realized that if the stone rake was mounted on the head of the wooden rake, there was no need to squat down to use it. So the plough and the plough were bound in the beginning, called "the plough", is the originator of the modern shovel, the future of Dayu water control is also mainly used this tool, but at that time the bronze has been used, no stone pour. The invention of the composite tool "Leiyun" marked a new level of human intelligence in China.

斲 (zhuo) wood for the plow, kneading the stone for the plow, the benefit of the lěisi to teach the world, so the name "Shennong". From the invention of this tool for Shennong's, it can be judged that Shennong's era is Yangyun ~ Hemudu cultural period (BC5000~3000).

Shennong commanded the people to set fire to the wind, burning the dead wood and hay to the ground, revealing a large area of bare land. Then everyone picked up the stone axes and cut off the remaining scorched wood. The thick ash and charred wood chips become natural fertilizers. In winter, the snow replenishes the land with moisture.

In the spring, Shennong once again led the people to use his own invention of the "plow" to dig out small pits in the ground and stuff seeds into the pits, as if to bribe the land—stuffing broken silver into the pockets of the land—waiting for the land to be rewarded. The woman followed the man and knelt on the ground and took a small wooden stick to break up the hard clods of earth and cover up the pit. This completes the whole process of slash-and-burn farming.

In autumn, the harvest season, Shennong will run back to his field, holding a stone sickle, to seek justice from Mother Earth. In inarticulate primitive language, Shennong instructed men, women, and children to work together to cut the ears of grain rolling in the field. The straw is set on fire with the thorns and weeds as the ashes of the next year.

The harvested millet is golden millet when it is husked, and it can be eaten. The stone grinding disc was a popular rice milling utensil at that time, which looked like a skateboard played by modern cool cubs: it was about half a meter long, with three or four short feet, and the surface of the board was polished smoothly and meticulously. Put the millet on it and roll it vigorously with an ancient rolling pin (grinding rod). Until the husk falls off, revealing the golden millet. This work is generally done by women, and it is the most interesting weight loss exercise for women in ancient times, and sweat wets their hair that hangs down. After this pastime, both women and millet become glamorous and cute. The stone grinding disc used by women in the Shennong era is still unearthed, and the middle part is often concave (this is the result of grinding), and the residual temperature of the sweat of ancient women is left on it.

Although the stone grinding disc is good, it is easy to run away and fall out of the grinding disc. Therefore, Shennong's invented the "pestle mortar" (Nian Chu uncle) for everyone, just like the thing used in pharmacies to pound medicine, the bottom is pot-shaped, and the rice will not be crushed out.

Shennong, the inventor of agriculture and medicine in Han folklore, tasted all kinds of herbs and taught people medicine and farming. Because of these two important contributions, he is known as the "King of Medicine", "King of Grains", "Emperor of Grains" and "Emperor Shennong", etc., as the gods in charge of medicine and agriculture, not only can bless agricultural harvests and people's health, but also are regarded as guardian saints by hospitals and medicine stores. It is the grandfather of Chinese medicine.

In fact, not all of these grains appeared in the Shennong period. As early as the Fuxi era, rice, millet (millet), and sorghum (sorghum) appeared. Wheat, barley, and soybean (beans, similar to lentils) were first cultivated in West Asia around the Mediterranean, and later introduced to China, and wheat did not appear in the Central Plains during the Shennong period. In the early days of human beings, there were only the above six main food crops, among which China has not been very suitable for barley cultivation, so rice, wheat, millet, soybean and soybean are called five grains. Among them, there are three with China as their origin. Today, bread is the staple food of the West, indicating that their main food crops are barley and wheat. Shennong, on the other hand, only systematically summarized the cultivation rules of these crops, discovered a large number of vegetable varieties and herbal varieties that could be used for edible and medicinal purposes, and distinguished wild grasses from them. The greatest contribution was the breeding of buffaloes, the invention of the plough for farming, and the use of oxen to pull the plow. The burden on agriculture has been greatly reduced.

After the Shennong clan taught the people to plant grains, they did not only rely on the sky to harvest, but also taught the people to dig wells to draw water, irrigate crops, and create a water conservancy irrigation technology connected by nine wells. Because of his invention of farming technology, he was called Shennong. With the advent of agriculture, the fruits of human labor have been surplus, at this time, Shennong's set up a bazaar, so that everyone can not eat, can not be used food and things, every day at noon to the bazaar to exchange, so that there is the original commodity trade in China.