readx;?? The use of the Great Wall as a defense against the invasion of northern nomads was not the foundation of the Great Qin Empire or several states in the pre-Qin period, but a reluctant decision of many imperial courts that mainly relied on the Great Wall to defend against the northern frontier. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 info¤八¤八¤Read¤Book,.☆.←o

Just like the Han Dynasty, before Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Great Wall became one of the most important lines of defense against the small or somewhat infiltrative plundering operations of the Huns.

And on this defensive front, history proves the verification of the theory of contradictions between offense and defense.

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In many cases, in the face of the attack of the Huns, there were not many places where the weapons of defending the city could be used.

Historically, there have been a large number of defensive weapons for defending cities, and in many cases, bows and crossbows have become the focus of weapons for both attack and defense.

The equipment alone in the city defense mainly includes the following:

Iron Collision Wood: In the "General Essentials of the Martial Arts" and "Wu Bei Zhi", a kind of iron collision wood is introduced, and its structure and usage are introduced in the "Iron Collision Wood and Piercing Ring" diagram: "Iron Collision Wood, the body of the wood is iron, the first six iron blades, the front is big three fingers, the length of the ruler is more than the edge, and the tip of the edge is the reverse beard." Its trick runs through the iron cable. Where the wooden donkey (a kind of siege equipment) forced the city, that is, from the city to the reel (actually a winch) winch iron hit the wood and broken, the leather is broken, is the next swallowtail torch to burn. ”

From the analysis of this record, it can be seen that the function of iron striking wood is to destroy the siege equipment of the attacker. It should have a sharp iron blade, and it should be heavy enough to destroy the "wooden donkey" that covers the enemy during the siege.

Wolf Tooth Shoot: "Wu Bei Zhi Instrument Style": "Wolf Tooth Pat, made of elm locust wood, five feet long, four feet five inches wide, and three inches thick. There are hundreds of iron nails with wolf teeth, all of which are five inches long and weigh six taels, and the cloth is nailed on the pat, and the wood is three inches, and the bladed knife is embedded on all sides, and the four corners are nailed to the ring, and the rope is slid and twisted in the pulley, and the hook is on the city. The enemy ants are attached to the siege of the city, pulling up and falling, and it is difficult to attack. ”

Nai He Mu: "Wu Bei Zhi Military Qualifications and Guard": Put a wooden frame between the battlement walls, nailed with bamboo sticks intricately on the wood, and tie the tiger and stones with ropes, wrap them on the wood, and hang them outside the wall. If the enemy climbs to the upper city, the wood and stone will fall with it, making people feel helpless, hence the name.

Right iron bed: wrought iron, five or six feet long, four feet wide. Four wooden wheels were applied and wrapped in iron leaves. The first two iron cables, on the binding of grass and fire oxen twenty-four bunches. From the city, scorch the besiegers, and shine outside the city at night.

Firebox: Wrought iron is like a basket, holding fire, adding mugwort wax, and using iron ropes to burn the besiegers in the cave.

Furnace: Iron juice, which travels through the city to splash the enemy.

The fireball, with paper as the ball, the solid brick and stone chips inside, can weigh three or five catties. Boil yellow wax, asphalt, charcoal powder for mud, coated with its substance, through hemp rope. Whoever will set a fireball, only this ball will be released first, so as to be far and near.

Tribulus terrestris fireball, with three branches and six iron blades, with gunpowder, through the hemp rope, one zhang and two feet long. Outside with paper and miscellaneous medicines, and apply eight tribulus terrestris, each with an adverse beard. When put, the burning iron cone is burned through, so that the flame out (gunpowder method: with sulfur one catty four taels, flame nitrate two and a half catties, coarse charcoal five taels, asphalt two halves, dry paint two halves, pounded for the end; bamboo ru one two and a half, Ma ru one or two one points, cut and crushed, with tung oil, small oil each two halves, wax two halves, melt juice and it. Twelve halves of paper, ten taels of hemp, one tael of yellow dan, half a catty of charcoal, two halves of asphalt, two halves of yellow wax, melt and merge, and coat it around).

The iron-billed fire harrier, the wooden body and the iron beak, the bundle grass is the tail, and the gunpowder is in the tail.

Bamboo fire harrier, braided bamboo for the eye cage, large belly and narrow mouth, slightly slender shape. The outer paste paper is heavy, and the brush is yellow. Add a pound of gunpowder and small pebbles to make it heavy. Three or five catties of grass are tailed. The two things are the same as the ball, if the thieves come to attack the city, they are all set off with cannons, and the thieves accumulate and startle the soldiers.

Put fierce fire oil: take the boiled copper as the cabinet, apply four legs under it, four rolls on the upper column, and apply a huge cylinder horizontally on the reel, all of which are connected with the cabinet. The head and tail of the horizontal cylinder are large, the thin tail opens the small hole, as large as millet grains, the head is a round mouth, and the diameter is half an inch. The cabinet is open next to a hole, the reel is the mouth, the mouth has a cover, and it is the oil filling place. There is a silk cane in the horizontal cylinder, the head of the cane is wrapped with loose hemp, the thickness is half an inch, and the two copper bundles are agreed to run before and after. There is a transverse turn at the tail, and the front of the turn runs through the circle. Enter, then use the idle cylinder mouth, put the ladle from the Shaluo in the oil injection cabinet hole, and three catties, the head of the cylinder is injected with gunpowder in the fire building, so that it is natural (with a soldering cone for ignition); It has a bowl and a ladle, a saro for oil storage, a cone for fire, and a jar for fire. There are hook cones, through cones, to open the wall of the cylinder, there is a bell to clamp the fire, there is a soldering iron to fill the leakage (through the cabinet barrel has a leak, with wax oil green to make up. All twelve things, except for the cone bell soldering iron juice, all copper for it). One method: for a large roll, the center through the copper Hulu, under the feet, there are small cylinders to communicate (also to the cylinder), also apply the silk cane, its method of putting on the quasi. Where the enemy comes to attack the city, there are quite a lot of people in the big trench and on the Fu city, and the momentum cannot be passed, then first use the weed as the fire ox to tie the city, and put the fierce fire oil in the empty version, and the people in it are all eroded, and the water cannot be extinguished. In case of water warfare, pontoons and warships can be burned and exiled. (Grow the grass before the upper-high chaff to draw it to the fire).

Thunderbolt fireball: use two or three sections of dry bamboo, one and a half inches in diameter, no cracks, do not penetrate the knots, use thin porcelain such as iron money 30 pieces, and gunpowder three or four catties, wrap bamboo as a ball, leave bamboo at both ends, and add Fu medicine to the ball (gunpowder outside Fu medicine, injection fireball said). If the thief passes through the tunnel to attack the city, I will meet him in the ground, and use the fire cone to brand the ball, and the sound is like a thunderbolt, and then the smoke and flames are dusted with a bamboo fan, so as to burn the enemy (the one who releases the ball is licorice).

One said that burning smoke with a stone of dry wormwood can also replace the ball.

Listen to the ground, in the city in the eight directions of the cave ground like a well, each two zhang deep, do not reach the spring. Let those who hear and judge themselves sit down in the well with a new urn, and sit down and listen. All thieves arrive, go to the city within hundreds of steps, there are caves in the city to dig tunnels, all of them are heard in the urn, can distinguish the distance and near. If you know where it is, then chisel the ground to meet it, and use the method of fumigation (Dharma tool thunderbolt said).

The right side of the dung cannon tank method is first refined in the brick trough of the person, and the sun is dried quietly, broken, and finely sieved and placed in the urn. Each person clears a scale with half a catty of wolf venom, half a catty of grass bird head, half a catty of croton, half a catty of soaphorn, half a catty of arsenic, half a catty of arsenic, four taels of cats, one catty of lime, half a catty of oil, into the wok to boil, into the thin crockpot to hold one and a half catties, with grass plugging, the cannon is put to hit the siegers, can penetrate the iron armor, then become sores and fester. Those who release poison still put black plum licorice in their mouths to ward off its poison.

The right side of the golden fire pot method is nine inches in circumference, four inches high, round in shape, and eight points in diameter. First use hemp skin mud, then make wheat flour mud, then use pig bristle mud, gradually re-coat Fu, simmer and warm and then fill the golden fire juice, plug the mouth with wheat flour mud, wrap the five fingers with wet felt (to the elbow) into the cannon and put it. Its container has a pig iron sieve basin (with a cast person to hold gold juice, and there are still two ears handle), and a pig iron ladle and wrought iron ladle (and inject gold juice). If the enemy comes to attack the city, those who have a team will be beaten with golden cannons, and the men and horses will be disbanded. It should be urgent, do not condense. Where the cannon is dragged three times, this can be put in one shot.

The right dovetail torch, bunched reed grass, divided into two qi, such as dovetail, poured with grease and oil. He got angry, and went down from the city, and rode his wooden donkey and burned it.

Flying torches, such as dovetail torches. An orange tree was set up on the city, and under the iron rope, the siege ants were burned.

Whip arrows, with new green bamboo, one zhang long, one and a half inches in diameter, for the rod, under the iron cable, the tip of the silk rope six feet. Don't sharpen the bamboo, for whip arrows, six feet long, with arrowheads. In the middle of the degree, apply a bamboo (also known as a whip). When it is released, it is hooked with a rope, tied to the rod, one person shakes the rod as the potential, and one person holds the arrow and the end of the attack. The advantage is to shoot high, and the middle man is like a short soldier.

Gunpowder arrows are like birch bark feathers, and after being burned with gunpowder, they are burned.

礮: "Wujing General Essentials" records: 礮 is framed with large wood, and the joint is connected with metal parts. A rotating shaft is placed horizontally above the frame. The long rod fixed to the shaft is called a "tip" and acts as a lever. The one that uses a wooden pole as a tip is called a single tip, and the one that is tied together with multiple wooden poles is called a multi-tip, and the more the number of shoots, the heavier and farther the stone projectile is thrown. One end of the tip is tied with a leather socket to hold the stone projectile, and the other end is tied with a rope, which is several feet long.

There are several small ones, and there are more than 100 large ones. Each rope is pulled by 1~2 people. When throwing stone bullets, one person aims at the fixed place, and the person who pulls the stone bomb at the same time violently pulls the rope to throw the other end, and the stone bullet in the leather nest is thrown by inertia, and the range can reach hundreds of steps. After gunpowder was used in the military, it was also commonly used to throw fire, poison bombs and explosive bombs.

The "General Essentials of the Martial Arts" records more than a dozen forms of the sting, most of which are placed on the ground or buried in the ground, and fixedly cast. Some of them have four wheels under the frame to facilitate maneuvering, which is called a car frame. There are also stumbles, whose pillars can rotate left and right, throwing stone bombs in all directions, called whirlwinds

It has been used in the Spring and Autumn period. It is said that in the late Spring and Autumn Period, it was recorded in the "Fan Li Art of War": "The flying stone weighs 12 catties, and it is 200 steps for the machine." (Quoted from the "Hanshu Gan Yanshou Biography" note) "Zuo Chuan" records that in the fifth year of Huan Gong (707 BC), the battle of Zhou Zheng and Xiangge was "stirred and drummed". Jia Kui of the Han Dynasty quoted "Fan Li's Art of War" and also interpreted "旝" as a flying stone. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, it became an important offensive and defensive instrument in the army.

In the fifth year of Jian'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty [200], the "thunderbolt car" used by Cao Cao when he attacked Yuan Shao was the earliest car that appeared. In the thirteenth year of the Great Cause of the Sui Dynasty [617], Tian Maoguang made "three hundred clouds", known as the "general". In the second year of Tang Zhide (757), Li Guangbi made a giant coffin that was launched with 200 people, and each shot could injure dozens of people. In the Song Dynasty, wars were frequent, and the use of the war was more extensive. In the first year of Jingkang in the Northern Song Dynasty [1126], when the Jin soldiers besieged the Song capital Bianliang [now Kaifeng, Henan], they had "more than 5,000 seats in one night". In the third year of Jin Tianxing [1234], the Mongol army attacked Bianliang, erected hundreds of corpses to attack Longde Palace, and the stone bullets that fell were almost equal to the inner city. Among them, the largest thirteen pins can fire hundreds of pounds of stone bullets, and it takes four or five hundred people to drag and release them at the same time. When the Mongol army marched westward, it mainly relied on the fortress to capture the fortresses. After the Ming Dynasty, it was gradually replaced by artillery.

Jamon Knife Car: It is a defensive device used to block a city when the city gate is breached. There are 24 steel knives on the front knife wall, and when used, the cart can be pushed to the gap in the city gate, which can not only kill and injure the enemy, but also block the enemy's arrows and stones. In this way, it is difficult for the other party to climb and form a barrier to activity. The knife cart is a kind of extremely sturdy two-wheeled vehicle, the body of the car is almost the same width as the city gate, usually always between three or four zhang; there are three or four layers of wooden frame in front of the car, and each layer is fixed with a number of sharp knives, and the body of the car has a long wheel; the enemy breaks through the city gate, and dozens of hundreds of soldiers push the knife cart to block the city gate. The Mozi chapter records the purpose of this kind of Saimen knife car. For the long-term fierce battle of holding the city, it is difficult to protect the city gate without losing it once, and this Saimen knife cart is the most useful emergency weapon.

Tribulus terrestris: An ancient Chinese military barrier with iron spikes. Also known as tribulus terrestris. There are 4 iron thorns stretching out, several inches long, where the ground about a thorn is facing upward, the tip of the thorn is like the herbaceous plant "tribulus terrestris", hence the name. In ancient warfare, thistles were scattered on the ground to delay enemy movements.

Some of the thistles have holes in the center, which can be connected with ropes for laying and collection. Tribulus terrestris was used during the Warring States period. After the Qin and Han dynasties, thistle terrestris became a commonly used defensive equipment in the army, in addition to being laid around roads, defensive areas, and cities, when the troops were stationed in the camp, there were also arrangements around the camp.

"Mozi Beicheng Gate" records that in the city defense battles during the Warring States period, "all ginseng stones and thistles were accumulated". "Liutao: Tiger Tao" recorded: "Narrow road micro path, Zhang Tie Tribulus terrestris, four inches high, eight inches wide. After the Qin and Han dynasties, thistle terrestris became a commonly used defensive equipment in the army, in addition to being laid around roads, defensive areas, and cities, when the troops were stationed in the camp, they were also laid around the camp. After the Song Dynasty, in order to meet the needs of warfare, the types of thistle terrestris gradually increased, such as the "iron water chestnut" laid in the water, the "ground astringent" attached to the wooden board, the "hoof" used to stop horses, and the "ghost arrow" coated with poison on the thorns.

It is recorded in the "History of the Song Dynasty - The Biography of Hu Zaixing" that in the twelfth year of Jiading in the Southern Song Dynasty (1219), the Jin soldiers attacked Zaoyang, and the Song general Hu Zaixing "covered the ground with iron thistles at night, and feints at dawn, and the Jin people galloped in the tribulus terrestris." Tribulus terrestris was widely used by the Ming Dynasty army. In Qi Jiguang's army, each rattan player and next player "each brought ten strings of tribulus terrestris, and each string had six consecutive strings" ("Ji Xiao Xinshu"), which was convenient for field camping. The Ming warships were also loaded with a large number of thistles, 1,000 for large ships and 800 for medium-sized ships. When engaged, throw at enemy ships, making it difficult for the enemy to move and fight on the ship. Tribulus terrestris is easy to manufacture and easy to lay. In addition to casting with iron, bamboo and wood can also be used instead. For more than 2,000 years, it has been used as an obstacle device in warfare.

...................................................... Dividing Line................................................

Although Zhang Jiashi was able to partially complete these city-defending equipment from the Qingyu Spirit Book, it was undoubtedly impossible for Zhang Jiashi to make the Great Wall defense line impregnable just by relying on these equipment.

Although the Huns were not as unique in terms of equipment as they were during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and it can even be said that the Han army had a headache in defending the city, but in some superficial equipment, such as ladders or rushing cars, the huge advantage in numbers can obviously make up for the shortcomings of the Huns in this regard.

Moreover, no matter how good the equipment is, people need to use it, although the Great Wall can be stationed with many officers and soldiers, but Zhang Jiashi is concerned about one point, that is, if the Great Wall is broken through by the Huns in many places, then it is undoubtedly a very stupid arrangement to station a large number of officers and soldiers on the Great Wall, because even if these officers and soldiers can hold on for a period of time, but they are likely to not be able to hold on until the moment of the arrival of reinforcements。 [To be continued.] ]