readx;? The color of the pottery in the third and fourth periods generally changed to light gray, mainly Jomon patterns, thick rope patterns appeared, and basket patterns and checkered patterns were almost extinct. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 infoIn the relics of the third period, the common tripods, deep belly basins, and retorts that are common in the first and second phases continue to be used, but there are local changes, and at the same time, new artifacts that are very close to the relics of the Erligang period of the Shang Dynasty, such as the beard, the curly bottom basin, the large mouth zun, and the small mouth high-necked urn, have appeared. This group of new forms is increasing in the fourth period, and shows a tendency to merge with the former. The Dongxia Feng type is also divided into four phases.

In the center of the Xia culture, the Erlitou type and the Dongxia Feng type of the Erlitou culture were distributed, which were directly ruled by the Xia Dynasty, and the other types may be close to the Xia people or have a relationship with the Fang State by marriage.

The discovery of large palace foundations, large-scale bronze smelting and casting workshops, pottery, bone-making sites, buildings related to religious sacrifices and more than 400 tombs, unearthed groups of bronze ritual vessels and jade, proved that it is a site with the scale of the capital city earlier than Luoyang Mall, Erlitou site and Erlitou culture have become recognized as the key sites to explore the boundary between Xia culture and Xia Shang Dynasty.

The Erlitou site is the earliest known ruins of China's dynastic capital, and the earliest known large-scale palace complex, the earliest palace city, the earliest bronze ritual group and copper casting workshops have been found, and the earliest rut traces have also been found. The large turquoise dragon-shaped vessel unearthed at the Erlitou site was officially named "Chinese Dragon" by scholars.

The turquoise dragon is long, with a total length of 70.2 cm, and is composed of more than 2,000 pieces of turquoise flakes of various shapes, each piece of turquoise is only 0.2 to 0.9 cm in size and only about 0.1 cm thick. The huge amount of labor, the precision of production, and the large volume are very rare in the early Chinese dragon-shaped cultural relics. In the Erlitou period, the status of dragon cultural relics is prominent and noble, and it is closely related to the Xia King and other nobles, and the dragon has become a symbol of identity and status, representing royal power, and this concept has been passed down from generation to generation.

In 1780, a year after the mourning, Emperor Hao (Gao) ascended the throne and took Mianchi (now the west of Mianchi County, Henan Province) as his capital. Faced with pressure from the Peng princes, the newly appointed Xia King compromised, and the Feng Wei clan was not only restored, but also promoted to the rank of Bo together with Kunwu, which pacified the Feng Wei state, which became a strong ally at the end of the Xia dynasty, but the Great Peng state still fell to the Shang side.

In the fall of 1778, Hou Hao suddenly fell seriously ill and died. He was buried in Luoning County, Henan Province.

In 1775, two years after the mourning, Houfa (Jing, also known as Hui) took the throne as the eldest son, and took Xihe (southeast of Caiyuan Town, Tangyin County, Anyang City, Henan Province) as the capital. He was 38 years old.

Hi hair, famous hair, also known as respect, Hui. The grandson of Kong Jia, the son of Gao.

Ji occurred in the third year of Kong Jia, that is, in 1813 BC, born in the Xia capital Xihe Palace, was born to the concubine of Ji Gao, and was the eldest son.

When he ascended the throne, due to the hard work of his father Wang Gao for three years, the prestige of the Xia Dynasty increased, and the vassal states gradually restored their relations with the Xia Dynasty. "Ancient Bamboo Book Chronicle" contains: "Later to the throne, the first year, Zhuyi bin in the king's gate, and then Baoyong will be in Shangchi, Zhuyi into the dance. It can be seen that the situation of his father Gao when he ascended the throne was very different, not only did the vassal states come to congratulate him with gifts, but also performed songs and dances for the new king.

He was full of ambition, his eyes were empty, and he put on a posture of being the only one in the world, as if he was really the master of the world, and all the people in the world were his slaves. In fact, he was an extremely mediocre emperor, and during the seven years of his reign, he had neither a miraculous strategy to stabilize the country, nor a good plan to benefit the people, and his life was mediocre and his political achievements were mediocre. He relied entirely on the prestige of his father, the king, to satisfy his pretentious vanity.

During the reign of Hifa, the Xia Dynasty maintained friendly exchanges with the southern Zhuyi, and it was at this time that the music and dance of the Jiangnan Yi people were introduced to the Central Plains. At the same time, the culture, agriculture and handicraft technology of the Central Plains were also introduced to the Yi region in the south. The material and cultural exchanges between the two sides have promoted the development of ancient civilizations and laid a good start for the integration of ethnic groups in the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.

During the reign of Ji Fa, the management of the princes and the Fang State had been out of control, and some powerful princes did not obey the orders of the Xia Dynasty at all, and went their own way and did whatever they wanted, gradually forming a situation in which the big bullied the small and the strong bullied the weak. The most powerful of these was the Shang Hou Zi Zhu. Shang was an ambitious prince, and after he led his people back to Shangqiu, he continued to implement a policy of foreign expansion, and continued to annex some of the smaller vassal states in the surrounding area.

The Shang forces not only completely controlled most of the area north of the Yellow River, but also expanded eastward from Gushu (present-day Gushu Town, Yucheng County, Shangqiu City, Henan).

The son Zhu asked his son Shang Tang to replace him to preside over the state affairs of Yin Shang. Therefore, Shang Tang recruited talents from all over the world, recruited heroes from all walks of life, expanded the army, and vigorously developed the power of Yin Shang. He used his wisdom to lead his army to conquer the east and west, defeated the enemy many times, and became the right-hand man of his father and son.

Zi Tianyi's talent and wisdom are in stark contrast to Xia Wang's hair, who is unlearned and unskilled but has no one in his eyes, and is a typical embroidered pillow with chaff - beautiful on the outside and empty on the inside. He has almost nothing to do except eat, drink, get drunk, dream and die every day.

He reigned for seven years, because he was too self-indulgent, his physical fitness became worse and worse, and he gradually became terminally ill, and finally fell seriously ill, BC 1769, Mount Tai earthquake, and then died of illness. He was only 16 years old. After his death, his body was buried in the Houfa Mausoleum (in the territory of present-day Luoyang City, the exact location is unknown).

After that, the last emperor of the Xia Dynasty, Xia Ji, appeared. Its relationship with Shang is extremely close and it is difficult to separate. Therefore, it is unified to talk about it in the chapter of business.

The aforementioned Sumerian dynasties all ended at the hands of Sargon, and we will tell the history of Sargon below.

Sargon I, reign: 56, 2371-2315 BC.

Usually referred to only as Sargon, he is quite famous in history. But there was another Sargon later in history, usually dealing with this kind of name-on-name problem, and the Western tradition is that the first one to appear in history is called I, of course, not that his son is II, this is not Qin Shi Huang arranged the title, but refers to the same name. It can't be said that Liu Bang's son is also called Liu Bang, so Huaxia has always avoided the name of the ancestor or even the emperor, just to avoid this situation, this is the product of the development of the etiquette system, and the word etiquette basically does not exist in Semitic and later Western society, so it often appears that the grandfather is called this name, the grandson is also called this name, and some even the son is called this name. At this time, people distinguish them and call them xx first, but xx I is more in line with the appetite of the Chinese, so that no matter how many names appear, they are not afraid, although the first and second have been ranked.