Chapter 3 The Formation of the Earth
readx;?“ After the general theory of relativity, scientists published quantum theories. Pen Fun Pavilion wWw. biquge。 info
Quantum theory says that there are an infinite number of states in everything at the same time, but when you look at it, there is only one state. This can also be used to explain time, where only the present is definite and that there are infinite possibilities for the past and the future. The future is up to you, so the possibilities are endless. Maybe there are rich you, poor you, you who live a happy life, and you who are lonely and desolate, all because of your current choice. The future is infinite, while the present is forever, and the future depends on the choice of the present. If you can travel back in time, then the past you go to is only one of the possibilities.
Quantum theory perfectly explains why man and other life are "alone" on Earth.
According to quantum theory, there are countless parallel universes in the universe, some of which have life, some of which have no life, and in short, there are countless possibilities. And the Earth, which happens to be in the most suitable state for life, is only one of all possibilities, and there is human beings as observers.
According to this theory, it can be directly deduced that aliens must exist, but they do not necessarily live in the same parallel universe as us. Even in the same parallel universe, they live in a distant unknown universe. Theology, on the other hand, holds that the earth in which human beings live is the only one in the universe that contains life, and that it is a gift from God.
At the same time, each choice of people represents the birth of countless parallel universes, in which people have made this choice, and in another universe people have made a completely different choice. ”
"I still don't understand. ”
That is, parallel universes represent all possibilities, and you, as an observer, only exist in one of them. ”
I asked, "How did life come into being on Earth, or what was the process?"
Sage: "If you want to have life, you must first have the space of life, the nascent earth, the sky is a meteorite, the ground is magma, the air is carbon dioxide, there is almost no oxygen, if life appears here, can life survive?"
"Of course not. ”
"So for life to appear, there must first be a fixed land and a sea. This is the most basic condition of life. ”
"Not bad. ”
"So I'm going to talk about the formation of the land and the sea.
"The evolutionary history of the Earth can be divided into four great stages of development: the Plutozoic, Archean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic. Among them, the Plutozoic and Archean have the closest relationship with the chemistry of life during the evolution of the earth. The Plutozoic era was divided into the Cryptozoic, Protect, Dionysian and Rain eras. The Archean is divided into Archean, Paleoarchan, Middle Archean, and Neo-Archean.
Cryptozoic (c. 4.54 billion ago - 4.15 billion years ago)
Proterozoic (ca. 4.15 billion years ago - 3.92 billion years ago)
Dionysian Dynasty (c. 3.92 billion years ago - 3.85 billion years ago)
Rain God Dynasty (c. 3.85 billion years ago - 3.8 billion years ago)
Archean (c. 3.8 billion years ago - 3.6 billion years ago)
Paleoarchan (about 3.6 billion years ago - 3.2 billion years ago)
Middle Archean (c. 3.2 billion years ago - 2.8 billion years ago)
Neo-Archean (c. 2.8 billion years ago - 2.5 billion years ago)
The Earth originated from the primordial solar nebula, which was heated by the accumulation, collision and extrusion of microstars, and later further warmed by the decay of radioactive materials. The MSI mentioned here refers to the primordial planets formed by the convergence of a small number of nebulae, which were numerous in number, and later attracted and collided with each other due to the gravitational attraction between each other, becoming a unified planet.
About 4.54 billion years ago, when the temperature rose to the melting point of iron, a large amount of molten iron settled towards the center of the earth and released gravitational energy in a thermal manner, the energy of which is equivalent to more than a thousand megaton nuclear explosions. If the Earth is big enough, it will become a star through this process.
The massive heat caused the Earth's interior to melt and alter extensively, gradually forming a layered structure with a dense iron core at its center, and lighter substances with low melting points floating on the surface and cooling to form the earth's crust. This process is about 50 million to 100 million years long. The oldest known material on Earth was produced at this age (4.4 billion years ago).
At that time, the surface temperature, the composition and properties of the atmosphere and water did not have the conditions for life, so there were no geological processes such as weathering and erosion. At that time, the earth's magma activity was intense, volcanic eruptions were frequent, and the surface was covered with a sea of molten magma. The earth continuously releases energy outward, and gases such as hydrogen and helium continue to escape from the earth and escape into space, so that the composition of the earth gradually changes to heavy elements, and gradually becomes a solid planet different from gas planets such as Jupiter.
As the water vapor that aggregates in the Earth's interior rises by heat, it cools into clouds at high altitude and causes rain. This rain has been raining continuously for millions of years.
About 4.4 billion years ago, with the continuous invasion of rain, the earth's surface gradually cooled, and the primordial atmosphere and oceans were born, and since then there has been space for life on the earth and an atmosphere to prevent cosmic rays from harming life, and the situation of gas escape has been greatly alleviated. ”
I said, "That's how the oceans were formed, and now that the oceans have formed, how did life come about?"
The sages replied: "The nebula formed by the supernova explosion 6.6 billion years ago gradually formed certain biological single molecules, such as amino acids, purines, pyrimidines, etc., in two billion years.
About 3.8 billion years ago, at the end of the Plutozoic Arc, the Earth formed its first permanent crust. After the earth's crust is stabilized, there are still comets carrying water and dust falling to the earth's surface, which also contain biological single molecules, and after entering the earth, biological polymers such as polypeptides and polynucleotides are produced under certain conditions.
At this time, the atmosphere contains a lot of carbon dioxide, the earth is also blocked by thick clouds, the sunlight can barely penetrate the orange sky of the earth, and the temperature of the ocean is above 150 degrees Celsius. In this boiling ocean, the elements that give birth to life are accumulating. The earth slowly cooled down, making the origin of life possible. The Archean was followed by the Archean.
The Archean was the primary stage of the emergence of primitive life and the evolution of organisms. During the Archean period, the earth's crust was thin, volcanic-magmatic activity was strong and frequent, silicon-aluminum crust formed and growing, and oxygen was scarce.
About 3.6 billion years ago, cyanobacteria and bacteria were the earliest prokaryotes that appeared on the earth, and they were the most basic organisms, autotrophic organisms, they have very strong adaptability, can tolerate high temperatures, freezing, hypoxia, dryness and high salinity, strong radiation, so from the tropics to the polar regions, from the ocean to the top of the mountain, 85C hot springs, minus 62C snow springs, 27% high salinity lakes and marshes, dry rocks and other environments can survive. Cyanobacteria are the ancestors of plants, while bacteria are the ancestors of animals.
At this point, the evolution of biology began, and countless complex life forms have been produced on Earth today. The 3.5 billion-year-old microbes in the Huaravuna group in Western Australia may be the earliest evidence of life on Earth. ”
I said, "The first life was cyanobacteria and bacteria, so how did modern organisms, including humans, evolve from cyanobacteria and bacteria?"
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