readx;? The sage replied: "You used a good word in this sentence ~ evolution. Pen Fun Pavilion wWw. ｂiquge。 info This is a concept proposed by Charles Darwin. Its specific meaning can be summed up in eight words: natural selection, survival of the fittest. Later, we will use living historical facts to prove the correctness of this sentence. In fact, every species is born with diverse characteristics, and if left unchecked, it will soon take over the land, sea and air of the earth. For example, dinosaurs are like this, but there are so many species on the earth, so what does nature rely on to survive the fittest, and there are four main aspects of this selection process. ”

1. Ice Age:

The greatest changes in long-term climate change are the effects of glacial and interglacial periods.

The Great Four Seasons Theory divides the Earth's active periods into four seasons that are similar to spring, summer, autumn and winter. It is not suitable for the survival of organisms in either summer or winter, and can only survive and reproduce in a short period of time in spring or autumn.

In the summer, the sun is as hot as fire, the earth is devoid of grass, the atmosphere is infinitely weakened, and a large amount of water is evaporated and escapes into space. Only in some of the earth's deepest caves may there be shelters that house a very small number of surviving plants and animals, and the vast majority of life is extinct. Mars, for example, is a case where there is no water (once upon a time there were oceans) and no life (perhaps life in its many underground caverns).

It is only after the long years of the great summer that life can reproduce again and breed a new atmosphere and new species, ushering in the blossoming of a hundred flowers of life. But after the long years of autumn, the earth will usher in the arrival of winter. The culmination of the Great Winter (Winter Solstice) will culminate when the Earth is completely covered in ice as a snowball. This can be compared with Europa.

Causes of the Four Seasons:

The Solar System orbits the center of the Milky Way once every 260 million years, during which the Earth experiences the Milky Way's star-dense or sparse regions. This is the main cause of the great summer or winter on Earth.

The development of human beings is too short to even have a time for the revolution of the sun to be far from complete, and it is impossible to test this theory personally, but if such a thing is really experienced, human beings will be extinct. Humans only experienced one Quaternary glacial and a few Xiaoice periods. Scientists can only speculate through geological investigations.

For example, in the summer, the Earth follows the solar system through the star-dense center of the Milky Way, so that multiple stars are closer to the Earth, making the Earth think that multiple suns appear at the same time. If such a celestial phenomenon occurs, it is inevitable that there will be extinction events on the earth. The opposite is true in the big winter, where glaciers wrap the entire planet into a snowball.

Later, with the change of the earth's position and the increase of carbon dioxide produced by the activities of the remnants of organisms in the uncondensed water at the bottom of the ice, the greenhouse effect gradually became stronger, causing the ice to gradually melt, which reduced the reflection of sunlight on the earth's surface, resulting in a chain reaction, the earth's surface melted, except for the North and South poles, all but the North and South poles began to thaw, and life will also usher in a good time when a hundred flowers bloom. The era in which mankind is now living is a beautiful spring.

According to the orbital cycle of the sun, which goes through four major cycles of spring, summer, autumn and winter every 260 million years, there are not as few ice ages in history as human understanding.

Just as spring will have a cold spring, the spring of the Great Four Seasons also has a Great Ice Age and a Great Ice Age. The Great Ice Age often leads to the extinction of certain organisms, and the Great Interglacial Period after the Great Ice Age means great development of organisms.

In the seventeenth century, around the end of the Ming Dynasty, there was a Xiaoice period on the earth. At that time, the world ushered in a dry and cold climate, and the crop yield was seriously reduced, which led to cannibalism, peasant uprisings, and the fall of the Ming Dynasty. At that time, because of the development of the Age of Navigation, the West took the whole world as a colony, and even if the impact was not large, the biggest loss was the agricultural country in the temperate continental region of the northern hemisphere represented by China.

In modern times, with the rise of industrial civilization, carbon dioxide is increasing in geometric multiples, the greenhouse effect is intensifying, the earth is getting hotter and hotter, the polar glaciers and mountain glaciers are gradually melting, the salinity of the earth's ocean is decreasing, and the sea surface is beginning to rise, that is, the amount of water is gradually increasing. If left unchecked, the lowland countries and regions represented by Shanghai will become a patch of countries, and the seven continents of the world may become several supercontinents and some large islands. ”

I asked, "So is there going to be a snowball event during the ice age?"

The sage replied, "Not necessarily.

During the Great Ice Age, also known as the Great Ice Age, polar glaciers and alpine glaciers extended to the lower latitudes and plains, respectively. However, when it reaches about 60 degrees north and south latitude, it stops extending. On the contrary, due to light and other factors, most of them will stop prolonging, resulting in repeated alternation of severe cold and warm climates. This was the case, for example, during the Quaternary Ice Age, which was experienced by mankind.

There is a very small chance that the glacier will reach 30 degrees north and south. At this time, as most of the sun's light is reflected back into space, the glacier will accelerate and spread to the equator, so that the earth will quickly turn into a snowball.

In this case, most of the organisms will become extinct, and only the liquid water under the frozen deep sea will have adaptable organisms such as microorganisms on the bottom of the sea.

In this state, even the sun cannot save the earth (the light is reflected back into space). What could save the planet was volcanic eruptions under the ice and carbon dioxide from biological activity in liquid water. Over the course of tens of millions of years, carbon dioxide has been produced, exacerbating the greenhouse effect. After a long period of accumulation, the ice gradually melts until the surface of the earth melts, so that the power of the sun can be revealed, and this chain reaction causes the earth to thaw completely.

The poles and mountain glaciers retreat back to where they were. ”

I asked, "How many times has this happened in history?"

"About 2.2 billion years ago in the Proterozoic, there was a snowball period, when the Earth was completely covered in snow and ice.

During the Proterozoic Ice Formation, there was a snowball event that completely covered the Earth with snow and ice. Scientists usually think of it as the first ice age.

At the end of the Ordovician, there was a large glacial period with no snowball events. Glacial deposition occurred on the African continent in the south and in South America, including southern Europe (Gondwana).

In the late Carboniferous period, there was also a Xiaoice period, which did not cause extinction. These are the first few glacial events discovered by scientists on Earth through geological investigations. In fact, in the more than 4 billion years of Earth's history, there have been too many such ice ages to list them all. It is only these times that have an effect on the development of organisms, so people think that only these ice ages. ”

"And what's the second climate factor?"

;